serius

Indonesian

Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch serieus, from Medieval Latin sēriōsus, an extension of Latin sērius (“grave, earnest, serious”), from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“heavy”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian)
  • IPA^(key): (Standard, English-influenced) /səˈrius/ [səˈri.ʊs]
  • IPA^(key): (Dutch-influenced) /sɛˈrius/ [sɛˈri.ʊs]
• Rhymes: -us
• Syllabification: se‧ri‧us

Adjective

sêrius

1. serious

Derived terms

• diseriusi
• keseriusan
• menyeriusi

Related terms

• seriosa

Further reading

• “serius”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Latin

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *seh₁-

Proto-Indo-European *-rós

Proto-Italic *sēros

Latin sērus

Proto-Indo-European *-yós

Proto-Italic *-ios

Old Latin -ios

Latin -ius

?

Proto-Indo-European *swer-

Proto-Indo-European *-yós

Proto-Italic *swerjos?

Latin serius

Somewhat disputed. There are two main competing hypotheses:

• Usually held to derive via Proto-Italic *swerjos from Proto-Indo-European *swer-yo-s, from the root *swer- (“to ache; to be difficult, heavy”). Cognate with Old English swǣr (“heavy, grave, grievous”), German schwer (“hard, difficult, heavy”), Lithuanian sverti (“to weigh, balance”), svarùs (“heavy”). More at sweer.
• According to De Vaan, rather from Proto-Italic *sērjos, from Proto-Indo-European *seh₁-ro-s + *-yo-, from a proposed root *seh₁- (“to go slowly^?, be long-lasting”) (cf. sēgnis (“slow, tardy, sluggish, lazy”)). In this case, equivalent to sērus (“slow, tardy”) +‎ -ius, with semantic shift “slow” > “tiring” > “heavy” > “grave, serious”.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈseː.ri.ʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈsɛː.ri.us]

Adjective

sērius (feminine sēria, neuter sērium, comparative sērior, superlative sērissimus); first/second-declension adjective

1. grave; earnest; serious

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

	singular				plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	sērius	sēria	sērium		sēriī	sēriae	sēria
genitive	sēriī	sēriae	sēriī		sēriōrum	sēriārum	sēriōrum
dative	sēriō	sēriae	sēriō		sēriīs
accusative	sērium	sēriam	sērium		sēriōs	sēriās	sēria
ablative	sēriō	sēriā	sēriō		sēriīs
vocative	sērie	sēria	sērium		sēriī	sēriae	sēria

Derived terms

• sēriōsus

Descendants

• Asturian: seriu
• Italian: serio
  • → Polish: serio
• Portuguese: sério
• Spanish: serio
  • → Catalan: sério
  • → Sicilian: sèriu

Adverb

sērius (comparative)

1. comparative degree of sērō
2. rather late, later, too late
   • 63 BCE, Cicero, In Catilinam orationes Oratio in Catilinam Prima in Senatu Habita.5:

     Sī tē iam, Catilīna, comprehendī, sī interficī iusserō, crēdō, erit verendum mihi, nē nōn hoc potius omnēs bonī sērius ā mē quam quisquam crūdēlius factum esse dīcat.

     If I should order you, Catiline, to be seized now, to be killed, I believe, I would have to fear that all good men might say this was done by me too late rather than anyone would say it was done too cruelly.

Further reading

• “serius”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “serius”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "serius", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “serius”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • two days late: biduo serius
    
  • (ambiguous) to say in earnest..: serio dicere (Plaut. Bacch. 1. 1. 42)
    
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “serious”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.

Malay

Alternative forms

• seres, siyes (slang)
• srs (Internet, text messaging)

Etymology

Borrowed from English serious, from Middle English seryows, from Old French serieux, from Medieval Latin sēriōsus, an extension of Latin sērius (“grave, earnest, serious”), from Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“heavy”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Southern Peninsular Malaysia) IPA^(key): /ˈsiriəs/ [ˈsi.rjəs] (English-based)
  • Rhymes: -irjəs, -əs
• (Standard Literary) IPA^(key): /ˈserius/ [ˈse.rjus]
  • Rhymes: -irjus, -us
• Hyphenation: se‧rius

Adjective

sérius (Jawi spelling سيريوس, comparative lebih serius, superlative paling serius)

1. Serious:
   1. Without humor or expression of happiness; grave in manner or disposition.

      Serius je muka dia.

      His face just stays serious.

   2. Important; weighty; not insignificant.

      Ini masalah serius.

      This is a serious problem.

   3. Really intending what is said (or planned, etc); in earnest; not jocular or deceiving.

      Audiens tersenyum paksa, terkeliru sama ada pengucap serius atau sedang melawak apabila mengatakan bahawa dia membenci kesatuan sekerja.

      The audience put on a smile, confused as to whether the speaker was being serious or just joking when he said that he hated trade unions.

Affixations

• keseriusan

Interjection

serius (Jawi spelling سيريوس)

1. Used to express disbelief; seriously, for real.

   Synonyms: sungguh, biar betul, biar betik

   Serius, harga telefon ni lebih daripada $3000?!

   Seriously, this phone costs more than $3000?!

Further reading

• "serius" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017