sedar

See also: sedär

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin sēdāre (“to settle, to calm”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Northern, Balearic, Central) [səˈða]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [seˈðaɾ]
• IPA^(key): (Northwestern) [seˈða]

• Audio (Barcelona):

  (file)

Verb

sedar (first-person singular present sedo, first-person singular preterite sedí, past participle sedat); root stress: (Northern) /e̞/; (Balearic) /ə/; (Central) /ɛ/; (Northwestern, Valencia) /e/

1. (transitive) to sedate

Conjugation

    Central Catalan conjugation of sedar (first conjugation)

infinitive			sedar
gerund			sedant
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		sedat		sedada
		plural		sedats		sedades
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	sedo	sedes	seda	sedem	sedeu	seden
	imperfect	sedava	sedaves	sedava	sedàvem	sedàveu	sedaven
	future	sedaré	sedaràs	sedarà	sedarem	sedareu	sedaran
	preterite	sedí	sedares	sedà	sedàrem	sedàreu	sedaren
	conditional	sedaria	sedaries	sedaria	sedaríem	sedaríeu	sedarien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	sedi	sedis	sedi	sedem	sedeu	sedin
	imperfect	sedés	sedessis	sedés	sedéssim	sedéssiu	sedessin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	seda	sedi	sedem	sedeu	sedin
	negative (no)	—	no sedis	no sedi	no sedem	no sedeu	no sedin

Related terms

• sedant
• sedatiu
• sedació

Further reading

• “sedar”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007

Malay

Pronunciation

• (Literary Standard) IPA^(key): /səˈdar/ [səˈdar]
• (schwa-variety) IPA^(key): /səˈda(r)/ [səˈda(r)]
• Rhymes: -dar, -ar
• Hyphenation: se‧dar

Etymology 1

Doublet of sadar, from Proto-Malayic, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *sadar.

Adjective

sedar (Jawi spelling سدر, comparative lebih sedar, superlative paling sedar)

1. aware, conscious; awake

   Synonyms: tahu, faham, terjaga, insaf

Verb

sedar (Jawi spelling سدر)

1. to be conscious; aware;to realise

Alternative forms

• sadar (Indonesia)

Derived terms

Affixations

• kesedaran (“awareness; consciousness”)
• menyedari (“to realise, to become aware of”)
• menyedarkan (“to make someone aware, awaken, or to enlighten”)
• penyedaran (“the act of raising awareness, enlightenment”)
• tersedar (“to become suddenly aware, to realise unintentionally, or to wake up unexpectedly”)

Descendants

• > Indonesian: sadar (inherited)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from English cedar, from Middle English cedre, probably from Old French cedre, from Latin cedrus, from Ancient Greek κέδρος (kédros). Some suggest that the Middle English word was partially from Old English ċeder, but the gap in attestation between the two words makes this proposal unlikely. Possible doublet of citrus.

Noun

sedar (Jawi spelling سدر, plural sedar-sedar or sedar²)

1. cedar:
   1. A coniferous tree of the genus Cedrus in the family Pinaceae.
   2. A coniferous tree of the family Cupressaceae, especially of the genera Juniperus, Cupressus, Calocedrus, or Thuja.

Further reading

• "sedar" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017

Portuguese

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin sedāre (“to settle, to calm”).

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /seˈda(ʁ)/ [seˈda(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /seˈda(ʁ)/ [seˈda(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /seˈda(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /seˈda(ʁ)/ [seˈda(χ)]
  • (Caipira) IPA^(key): /seˈda(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /sɨˈdaɾ/ [sɨˈðaɾ]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /sɨˈdaɾ/ [sɨˈðaɾ]
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /sɨˈda.ɾi/

• Hyphenation: se‧dar

Verb

sedar (first-person singular present sedo, first-person singular preterite sedei, past participle sedado)

1. (transitive) to sedate (to tranquilise by giving a sedative)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of sedar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	sedar
Personal	sedar	sedares	sedar	sedarmos	sedardes	sedarem
Gerund
	sedando
Past participle
Masculine	sedado			sedados
Feminine	sedada			sedadas
Indicative
Present	sedo	sedas	seda	sedamos	sedais	sedam
Imperfect	sedava	sedavas	sedava	sedávamos	sedáveis	sedavam
Preterite	sedei	sedaste	sedou	sedamos1, sedámos2	sedastes	sedaram
Pluperfect	sedara	sedaras	sedara	sedáramos	sedáreis	sedaram
Future	sedarei	sedarás	sedará	sedaremos	sedareis	sedarão
Conditional	sedaria	sedarias	sedaria	sedaríamos	sedaríeis	sedariam
Subjunctive
Present	sede	sedes	sede	sedemos	sedeis	sedem
Imperfect	sedasse	sedasses	sedasse	sedássemos	sedásseis	sedassem
Future	sedar	sedares	sedar	sedarmos	sedardes	sedarem
Imperative
Affirmative		seda	sede	sedemos	sedai	sedem
Negative (não)		não sedes	não sede	não sedemos	não sedeis	não sedem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Further reading

• “sedar”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “sedar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin sedāre (“to settle, to calm”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /seˈdaɾ/ [seˈð̞aɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: se‧dar

Verb

sedar (first-person singular present sedo, first-person singular preterite sedé, past participle sedado)

1. (transitive) to sedate

Conjugation

    Conjugation of sedar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			sedar
gerund			sedando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		sedado		sedada
		plural		sedados		sedadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	sedo	sedastú sedásvos	seda	sedamos	sedáis	sedan
	imperfect	sedaba	sedabas	sedaba	sedábamos	sedabais	sedaban
	preterite	sedé	sedaste	sedó	sedamos	sedasteis	sedaron
	future	sedaré	sedarás	sedará	sedaremos	sedaréis	sedarán
	conditional	sedaría	sedarías	sedaría	sedaríamos	sedaríais	sedarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	sede	sedestú sedésvos2	sede	sedemos	sedéis	seden
	imperfect (ra)	sedara	sedaras	sedara	sedáramos	sedarais	sedaran
	imperfect (se)	sedase	sedases	sedase	sedásemos	sedaseis	sedasen
	future1	sedare	sedares	sedare	sedáremos	sedareis	sedaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		sedatú sedávos	sede	sedemos	sedad	seden
	negative		no sedes	no sede	no sedemos	no sedéis	no seden

¹Rare; now chiefly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tuteo-form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of sedar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive sedar	dative	sedarme	sedarte	sedarle, sedarse	sedarnos	sedaros	sedarles, sedarse
	accusative	sedarme	sedarte	sedarlo, sedarla, sedarse	sedarnos	sedaros	sedarlos, sedarlas, sedarse
with gerund sedando	dative	sedándome	sedándote	sedándole, sedándose	sedándonos	sedándoos	sedándoles, sedándose
	accusative	sedándome	sedándote	sedándolo, sedándola, sedándose	sedándonos	sedándoos	sedándolos, sedándolas, sedándose
with informal second-person singular tuteo imperative seda	dative	sédame	sédate	sédale	sédanos	not used	sédales
	accusative	sédame	sédate	sédalo, sédala	sédanos	not used	sédalos, sédalas
with informal second-person singular voseo imperative sedá	dative	sedame	sedate	sedale	sedanos	not used	sedales
	accusative	sedame	sedate	sedalo, sedala	sedanos	not used	sedalos, sedalas
with formal second-person singular imperative sede	dative	sédeme	not used	sédele, sédese	sédenos	not used	sédeles
	accusative	sédeme	not used	sédelo, sédela, sédese	sédenos	not used	sédelos, sédelas
with first-person plural imperative sedemos	dative	not used	sedémoste	sedémosle	sedémonos	sedémoos	sedémosles
	accusative	not used	sedémoste	sedémoslo, sedémosla	sedémonos	sedémoos	sedémoslos, sedémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative sedad	dative	sedadme	not used	sedadle	sedadnos	sedaos	sedadles
	accusative	sedadme	not used	sedadlo, sedadla	sedadnos	sedaos	sedadlos, sedadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative seden	dative	sédenme	not used	sédenle	sédennos	not used	sédenles, sédense
	accusative	sédenme	not used	sédenlo, sédenla	sédennos	not used	sédenlos, sédenlas, sédense

Related terms

• sedación
• sedante
• sedativo

Further reading

• “sedar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025