Wiktionary

pullus

English

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  This entry needs quotations to illustrate usage. If you come across any interesting, durably archived quotes, then please add them!

Etymology

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    Borrowed from Latin pullus.

    Pronunciation

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      This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with the IPA or enPR then please add some!

    Noun

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    pullus (plural pulli)

    1. (ornithology) A chick; a young bird in the downy stage.
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    References

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    Dutch

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    Etymology

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      Unadapted borrowing from Latin pullus. Doublet of pul.

      Pronunciation

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      • Audio:(file)

      Noun

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      pullus m (plural pulli, no diminutive)

      1. (ornithology) a pullus; the young chick of a bird
        Synonym: kuiken
        Hyponyms: nesteling, takkeling

      Latin

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      Pronunciation

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      Etymology 1

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        Disputed; two etymologies are plausible:

        Alternatively onomatopoeic, like Swedish pulla.

        Noun

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        pullus m (genitive pullī); second declension

        2. any young animal, young, especially:
          Synonym: fētus
          1. a chick, chicken or any young fowl
            Coordinate terms: gallus, gallīna
          2. a foal
            Coordinate terms: equus; asinus
            • Late 4th century, Jerome [et al.], transl., edited by Roger Gryson, Biblia Sacra: Iuxta Vulgatam Versionem (Vulgate), 5th edition, Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, published 2007, →ISBN, Zaccharias [Zechariah] 9:9, page 1424, column 1:
              Exsulta satis, filia Sion; iubila, filia Ierusalem: ecce rex tuus veniet tibi, iustus et salvator: ipse pauper, et ascendens super asinam et super pullum filium asinae.
              Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Sion; make jubilation, O daughter of Jerusalem: BEHOLD THY KING will come to thee, the just and saviour: he is poor, and riding upon an ass, and upon a colt the foal of an ass.
        3. (transferred senses):
          1. (horticulture) a shoot, a young plant
            Synonyms: pampinus, germen
          3. (endearing) darling
            • c. 180 BCE, Plautus, Casina I.1.44–1.52:
              Concludere in fenestram firmiter, / Vnde auscultare possis, quom ego illam ausculer. / Quom mihi illa dicet: mi animule, mi Olympio, / Mea vita, mea mellilla, mea festivitas: / Sine tuos ocellos deosculer, voluptas mea, / Sine, amabo, ted amari, meus festus dies, / Meus pullus passer, mea columba, mi lepus: […]
              (please add an English translation of this quotation)
            • 121 CE, Suetonius, De vita Caesarum Vita Gai 13:
              Itaque ut a Miseno movit quamvis lugentis habitu et funus Tiberi prosequens, tamen inter altaria et victimas ardentisque taedas densissimo et laetissimo obviorum agmine incessit, super fausta nomina "sidus" et "pullum" et "pupum" et "alumnum" appellantium; […]
              (please add an English translation of this quotation)
        Declension
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        Second-declension noun.

        singular plural
        nominative pullus pullī
        genitive pullī pullōrum
        dative pullō pullīs
        accusative pullum pullōs
        ablative pullō pullīs
        vocative pulle pullī
        Derived terms
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        Descendants
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        Inherited
        • Balkan Romance:
          • Aromanian: pulj, pulju, puljiu
          • Istro-Romanian: puľ
          • Megleno-Romanian: puľu
          • Romanian: pui
        • Italo-Romance:
        • Padanian:
        • Northern Gallo-Romance:
        • Southern Gallo-Romance:
        • Ibero-Romance:
        • Insular Romance:
        Derivatives
        Borrowings
        Unsorted

        Etymology 2

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          Probably from Proto-Indo-European *polHwós (maybe a weak form of *pélHus) or *polHnós, from the root *pelH- (“pale, gray”), thereby related to palleō, though the formal details are debated.[4]

          Adjective

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          pullus (feminine pulla, neuter pullum); first/second-declension adjective

          1. dark-colored, dark-gray, dusky
            • 116 BCE – 27 BCE, Marcus Terentius Varro, Rerum rusticarum III.XII.5:
              Quorum [leporum] ergo tria genera fere sunt: unum Italicum hoc nostrum pedibus primis humilibus, posterioribus altis, superiore parte pulla, ventre albo, auribus longis.
              (please add an English translation of this quotation)
            • c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Vergilius, Georgicon III.384–390:
              Si tibi lanitium curae, primum aspera silva / lappaeque tribolique absint; fuge pabula laeta; / continuoque greges villis lege mollibus albos. / Illum autem, quamvis aries sit candidus ipse, / nigra subest udo tantum cui lingua palato, / reice, ne maculis infuscet vellera pullis / nascentum, plenoque alium circumspice campo.
              (please add an English translation of this quotation)
            • 8 CE, Ovidius, Metamorphoses 11.610–612:
              […] : at medio torus est ebeno sublimis in antro, / plumeus, atricolor, pullo velamine tectus, / quo cubat ipse deus membris languore solutis.
              (please add an English translation of this quotation)
            • c. 30 BCE, Horatius, Epodi XVI.41–48:
              Nos manet Oceanus circum vagus: arva beata / petamus, arva divites et insulas, / reddit ubi cererem tellus inarata quotannis / et inputata floret usque vinea, / germinat et numquam fallentis termes olivae / suamque pulla ficus ornat arborem, / mella cava manant ex ilice, montibus altis / levis crepante lympha desilit pede.
              (please add an English translation of this quotation)
          2. (transferred senses):
            1. (of clothing) associated with the common people and by extension, with humbleness (of rank or intent), stinginess or mourning
              toga/vestis/tunica pulla: any rough and cheap dark-gray garb usually worn by the poor, not suited for special or meaningful events
              (Can we add an example for this sense? (mourning))
              • 70 BCE, Cicero, In Verrem II.IV.54:
                Tum illa, ex patellis et turibulis quae evellerat, ita scite in aureis poculis inligabat, ita apte in scaphiis aureis includebat, ut ea ad illam rem nata esse diceres; ipse tamen praetor, qui sua vigilantia pacem in Sicilia dicit fuisse, in hac officina maiorem partem diei cum tunica pulla sedere solebat et pallio.
                (please add an English translation of this quotation)
              • 56 BCE, Cicero, In Vatinium XII–XIII:
                Atque etiam illud scire ex te cupio, quo consilio aut qua mente feceris ut in epulo Q. Arri, familiaris mei, cum toga pulla accumberes? quem umquam videris, quem audieris? quo exemplo, quo more feceris? […] Sed omitto epulum populi Romani, festum diem argento, veste, omni apparatu ornatuque visendo: quis umquam in luctu domestico, quis in funere familiari cenavit cum toga pulla? cui de balineis exeunti praeter te toga pulla umquam data est? Cum tot hominum milia accumberent, cum ipse epuli dominus, Q. Arrius, albatus esset, tu in templum Castoris te cum C. Fibulo atrato ceterisque tuis furiis funestum intulisti. Quis tum non ingemuit, quis non doluit rei publicae casum?
                (please add an English translation of this quotation)
              • 4th century, Hieronymus, Epistolae 3.Ad Nepotianum Phesbyterum.9:
                Vestes pullas aeque devita, ut candidas. Ornatus ut sordes pari modo fugiendae sunt, quia alterum delicias, alterum gloriam redolet.
                (please add an English translation of this quotation)
              • c. 416/417 CE, Paulus Orosius, Historiae adversum paganos Caput XVIII. 6.434–435:
                Lepidus tandem intelligens, quo vanitas sua tenderet, deposito paludamento, assumptaque veste pulla, supplex Cæsari factus vitam et bona impetravit, perpetuo quidem emendatus exsilio.
                (please add an English translation of this quotation)
            2. (poetic, of the threads of the Fates) bringing sorrow, sorrowful, mournful
              • 9 CE, Ovidius, Ibis 241–244:
                […] : at Clotho iussit promissa valere, / nevit et infesta stamina pulla manu, / et, ne longa suo praesagia diceret ore, / ‘fata canet vates qui tua,’ dixit, ‘erit.’
                (please add an English translation of this quotation)
              • 86 CE – 103 CE, Martialis, Epigrammata VI.LVIII:
                Si mihi lanificae ducunt non pulla sorores / Stamina nec surdos vox habet ista deos, / Sospite me sospes Latias reveheris ad urbes / Et referes pili praemia clarus eques.
                (please add an English translation of this quotation)
          Usage notes
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          To be dressed in unelegant, torn or tattered clothings before a public was used by Romans to express humility, inspire pity and earn people's good will (see Suetonius, Vitellius XV; Orosius, Historiae VI.XVIII).

          Declension
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          First/second-declension adjective.

          singular plural
          masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
          nominative pullus pulla pullum pullī pullae pulla
          genitive pullī pullae pullī pullōrum pullārum pullōrum
          dative pullō pullae pullō pullīs
          accusative pullum pullam pullum pullōs pullās pulla
          ablative pullō pullā pullō pullīs
          vocative pulle pulla pullum pullī pullae pulla
          Derived terms
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          See also

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          Colors in Latin · colōrēs (layout · text)
               albus, candidus, cānus, marmoreus (poetic), eburneus (poetic), niveus (poetic), argenteus (poetic), lacteus (poetic)      pullus, mūrīnus (of livestock)      niger, āter, furvus, fuscus ("swarthy"), piceus (poetic)
                       ruber, russus, rūbidus (dark), flammeus (poetic); rutilus, pūniceus, spādīx (poetic), sanguineus (poetic)              rūfus, rutilus, flāvus, aureus (poetic), rōbus (of oxen), croceus (poetic), rāvus (of eyes); fulvus (poetic), niger (of eyes), badius (of horses)              lūteus, flāvus ("blond"), lūridus, gilvus (of horses), helvus (of cattle); cēreus (poetic)
                       viridis, flāvus (poetic)              viridis, herbeus, fulvus (poetic)              viridis, glaucus, caeruleus (poetic, only dark)
                                    glaucus, caeruleus, caesius (of eyes)              caeruleus, līvidus, ferrūgineus (poetic), glaucus
                       violāceus              purpureus (underlying shade)              roseus

          References

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          1. ^ Orel, Vladimir (1998), “pjell”, in Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden; Boston; Köln: Brill, →ISBN, page 330
          2. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*fulan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 158
          3. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “putus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 502–503
          4. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “pullus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 497

          Further reading

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          • “pullus 1”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
          • “pullus 2”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
          • “pullus 3”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
          • “pullus 1”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
          • “pullus 2”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
          • “pullus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
          • "pullus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
          • “pullus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
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