polluo

Latin

Etymology

From por- +‎ Proto-Indo-European *lew- (“dirt, mud”) (compare luēs (“plague”); cognate with λῦμα (lûma, “dirt”) and Old Irish loth (“mud”)).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈpɔl.lu.oː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈpɔl.lu.o]

Verb

polluō (present infinitive polluere, perfect active polluī, supine pollūtum); third conjugation

1. to soil, defile, pollute, stain, foul

   Synonyms: collinō, commaculō, commingō, cōnspurcō, contāminō, contemerō, foedō, incestō, inquinō, maculō, scelerō, contingō

   Antonyms: tergeō, abstergeō, pūrgō, lavō, effingō, putō

2. (figuratively, morally) to contaminate, violate, dishonor, desecrate, pollute, defile

   Synonyms: cōnscelerō, contāminō, dēdecorō, dehonestō, dēpudicō, foedō, maculō, temerō, turpō

Conjugation

   Conjugation of polluō (third conjugation)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	polluō		polluis		polluit		polluimus		polluitis		polluunt
	imperfect	polluēbam		polluēbās		polluēbat		polluēbāmus		polluēbātis		polluēbant
	future	polluam		polluēs		polluet		polluēmus		polluētis		polluent
	perfect	polluī		polluistī		polluit		polluimus		polluistis		polluērunt, polluēre
	pluperfect	pollueram		polluerās		polluerat		polluerāmus		polluerātis		polluerant
	future perfect	polluerō		pollueris		polluerit		polluerimus		pollueritis		polluerint
passive	present	polluor		pollueris, polluere		polluitur		polluimur		polluiminī		polluuntur
	imperfect	polluēbar		polluēbāris, polluēbāre		polluēbātur		polluēbāmur		polluēbāminī		polluēbantur
	future	polluar		polluēris, polluēre		polluētur		polluēmur		polluēminī		polluentur
	perfect	pollūtus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	pollūtus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	pollūtus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	polluam		polluās		polluat		polluāmus		polluātis		polluant
	imperfect	polluerem		polluerēs		pollueret		polluerēmus		polluerētis		polluerent
	perfect	polluerim		polluerīs		polluerit		polluerīmus		polluerītis		polluerint
	pluperfect	polluissem		polluissēs		polluisset		polluissēmus		polluissētis		polluissent
passive	present	polluar		polluāris, polluāre		polluātur		polluāmur		polluāminī		polluantur
	imperfect	polluerer		polluerēris, polluerēre		polluerētur		polluerēmur		polluerēminī		polluerentur
	perfect	pollūtus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	pollūtus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		pollue		—		—		polluite		—
	future	—		polluitō		polluitō		—		polluitōte		polluuntō
passive	present	—		polluere		—		—		polluiminī		—
	future	—		polluitor		polluitor		—		—		polluuntor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		polluere			polluī			polluēns			—
future		pollūtūrum esse			pollūtum īrī			pollūtūrus			polluendus
perfect		polluisse			pollūtum esse			—			pollūtus
future perfect		—			pollūtum fore			—			—
perfect potential		pollūtūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		polluendī		polluendō		polluendum		polluendō		pollūtum		pollūtū

Derived terms

• pollūbrum
• pollūtiō
• pollūtrīx
• pollūtus

Descendants

• → Catalan: pol·luir
• → English: pollute
• → French: polluer
• → Italian: polluire
• → Portuguese: poluir
• → Romanian: polua
• → Spanish: poluir

References

• “polluo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “polluo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “polluo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to profane sacred rites: sacra polluere et violare