pinso

See also: piņšõ

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish pienso (“feed”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central) [ˈpin.su]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic, Valencia) [ˈpin.so]

• Audio (Barcelona):

  (file)

Noun

pinso m (plural pinsos)

1. feed (food given to (especially herbivorous) animals)
   • 2008, Miquel Pujol i Palol, Les plantes cultivades. 1. Cereals, →ISBN, page 20:

     Actualment, el gra de cereals destinat a l’alimentació animal, els pinsos, representa un 33% de la producció total arreu del món i és més del 40% en els països de la Unió Europea.

     Currently, cereal grain set aside for the feeding of animals, feed, represents 33% of the total global production, and it is more than 40% in the countries of the European Union.

Further reading

• “pinso”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007
• “pinso”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2026
• “pinso” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• Alcover, Antoni Maria; Moll, Francesc de Borja (1963), “pinso”, in Diccionari català-valencià-balear (in Catalan)

Latin

Etymology 1

From Proto-Italic *pinsō, from Proto-Indo-European *peys- (“to crush”).

Cognate includes Ancient Greek πτισάνη (ptisánē, “barley”), πτίσσω (ptíssō, “to winnow, peel”); Proto-Slavic *pьšenìca (“wheat”); Sanskrit पिनष्टि (pinaṣṭi, “to grind”). Compare pīla, pīlum.

Alternative forms

• pindō (Late Latin, glosses)

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈpĩː.soː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈpin.so]

Verb

pīnsō (present infinitive pīnsere, perfect active pīnsuī or pīnsī, supine pīnsum or pīnsitum or pī̆stum); third conjugation

1. to beat, pound
   • AD 4th C., Diomedes Grammaticus (author), Heinrich Keil (editor), Artis Grammaticae Liber I (1857), page 373:

     Sed apud veterēs reperīmus etiam n litterā additā pīnsō, quod est tundō, ut Ennius decimō Annālium pīnsunt terram genibus.

     But in the older authors we also find pīnsō with an added n, which is 'to beat', like Ennius in the tenth book of the Annals: they pound the dirt with their knees.

2. to lash, thrash, flog, scourge
   • c. 206 BCE – 188 BCE, Plautus, Mercator 2.3.80:

     ea molet, coquet, cōnficiet pēnsum, pīnsētur flagrō

     She will grind, cook, spin wool, she'll be lashed by a whip […]

Conjugation

   Conjugation of pīnsō (third conjugation)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	pīnsō		pīnsis		pīnsit		pīnsimus		pīnsitis		pīnsunt
	imperfect	pīnsēbam		pīnsēbās		pīnsēbat		pīnsēbāmus		pīnsēbātis		pīnsēbant
	future	pīnsam		pīnsēs		pīnset		pīnsēmus		pīnsētis		pīnsent
	perfect	pīnsuī, pīnsī		pīnsuistī, pīnsistī		pīnsuit, pīnsit		pīnsuimus, pīnsimus		pīnsuistis, pīnsistis		pīnsuērunt, pīnsuēre, pīnsērunt, pīnsēre
	pluperfect	pīnsueram, pīnseram		pīnsuerās, pīnserās		pīnsuerat, pīnserat		pīnsuerāmus, pīnserāmus		pīnsuerātis, pīnserātis		pīnsuerant, pīnserant
	future perfect	pīnsuerō, pīnserō		pīnsueris, pīnseris		pīnsuerit, pīnserit		pīnsuerimus, pīnserimus		pīnsueritis, pīnseritis		pīnsuerint, pīnserint
passive	present	pīnsor		pīnseris, pīnsere		pīnsitur		pīnsimur		pīnsiminī		pīnsuntur
	imperfect	pīnsēbar		pīnsēbāris, pīnsēbāre		pīnsēbātur		pīnsēbāmur		pīnsēbāminī		pīnsēbantur
	future	pīnsar		pīnsēris, pīnsēre		pīnsētur		pīnsēmur		pīnsēminī		pīnsentur
	perfect	pīnsus or pīnsitus or pī̆stus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	pīnsus or pīnsitus or pī̆stus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	pīnsus or pīnsitus or pī̆stus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	pīnsam		pīnsās		pīnsat		pīnsāmus		pīnsātis		pīnsant
	imperfect	pīnserem		pīnserēs		pīnseret		pīnserēmus		pīnserētis		pīnserent
	perfect	pīnsuerim, pīnserim		pīnsuerīs, pīnserīs		pīnsuerit, pīnserit		pīnsuerīmus, pīnserīmus		pīnsuerītis, pīnserītis		pīnsuerint, pīnserint
	pluperfect	pīnsuissem, pīnsissem		pīnsuissēs, pīnsissēs		pīnsuisset, pīnsisset		pīnsuissēmus, pīnsissēmus		pīnsuissētis, pīnsissētis		pīnsuissent, pīnsissent
passive	present	pīnsar		pīnsāris, pīnsāre		pīnsātur		pīnsāmur		pīnsāminī		pīnsantur
	imperfect	pīnserer		pīnserēris, pīnserēre		pīnserētur		pīnserēmur		pīnserēminī		pīnserentur
	perfect	pīnsus or pīnsitus or pī̆stus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	pīnsus or pīnsitus or pī̆stus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		pīnse		—		—		pīnsite		—
	future	—		pīnsitō		pīnsitō		—		pīnsitōte		pīnsuntō
passive	present	—		pīnsere		—		—		pīnsiminī		—
	future	—		pīnsitor		pīnsitor		—		—		pīnsuntor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		pīnsere			pīnsī			pīnsēns			—
future		pīnsūrum esse, pīnsitūrum esse, pī̆stūrum esse			pīnsum īrī, pīnsitum īrī, pī̆stum īrī			pīnsūrus, pīnsitūrus, pī̆stūrus			pīnsendus, pīnsundus
perfect		pīnsuisse, pīnsisse			pīnsum esse, pīnsitum esse, pī̆stum esse			—			pīnsus, pīnsitus, pī̆stus
future perfect		—			pīnsum fore, pīnsitum fore, pī̆stum fore			—			—
perfect potential		pīnsūrum fuisse, pīnsitūrum fuisse, pī̆stūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		pīnsendī		pīnsendō		pīnsendum		pīnsendō		pīnsum, pīnsitum, pī̆stum		pīnsū, pīnsitū, pī̆stū

Derived terms

• pī̆stō
• pī̆stor

Related terms

• pīla
• pīlum
• pīsō

See also

• flagrum
• habēna
• lōrum
• scutica
• verber

Etymology 2

Post-classical conjugation transfer of Etymology 1.

Verb

pīnsō (present infinitive pīnsāre, perfect active pīnsāvī, supine pīnsātum); first conjugation

1. (post-classical) alternative form of pīnsō

Conjugation

   Conjugation of pīnsō (first conjugation)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	pīnsō		pīnsās		pīnsat		pīnsāmus		pīnsātis		pīnsant
	imperfect	pīnsābam		pīnsābās		pīnsābat		pīnsābāmus		pīnsābātis		pīnsābant
	future	pīnsābō		pīnsābis		pīnsābit		pīnsābimus		pīnsābitis		pīnsābunt
	perfect	pīnsāvī		pīnsāvistī		pīnsāvit		pīnsāvimus		pīnsāvistis		pīnsāvērunt, pīnsāvēre
	pluperfect	pīnsāveram		pīnsāverās		pīnsāverat		pīnsāverāmus		pīnsāverātis		pīnsāverant
	future perfect	pīnsāverō		pīnsāveris		pīnsāverit		pīnsāverimus		pīnsāveritis		pīnsāverint
passive	present	pīnsor		pīnsāris, pīnsāre		pīnsātur		pīnsāmur		pīnsāminī		pīnsantur
	imperfect	pīnsābar		pīnsābāris, pīnsābāre		pīnsābātur		pīnsābāmur		pīnsābāminī		pīnsābantur
	future	pīnsābor		pīnsāberis, pīnsābere		pīnsābitur		pīnsābimur		pīnsābiminī		pīnsābuntur
	perfect	pīnsātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	pīnsātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	pīnsātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	pīnsem		pīnsēs		pīnset		pīnsēmus		pīnsētis		pīnsent
	imperfect	pīnsārem		pīnsārēs		pīnsāret		pīnsārēmus		pīnsārētis		pīnsārent
	perfect	pīnsāverim		pīnsāverīs		pīnsāverit		pīnsāverīmus		pīnsāverītis		pīnsāverint
	pluperfect	pīnsāvissem		pīnsāvissēs		pīnsāvisset		pīnsāvissēmus		pīnsāvissētis		pīnsāvissent
passive	present	pīnser		pīnsēris, pīnsēre		pīnsētur		pīnsēmur		pīnsēminī		pīnsentur
	imperfect	pīnsārer		pīnsārēris, pīnsārēre		pīnsārētur		pīnsārēmur		pīnsārēminī		pīnsārentur
	perfect	pīnsātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	pīnsātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		pīnsā		—		—		pīnsāte		—
	future	—		pīnsātō		pīnsātō		—		pīnsātōte		pīnsantō
passive	present	—		pīnsāre		—		—		pīnsāminī		—
	future	—		pīnsātor		pīnsātor		—		—		pīnsantor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		pīnsāre			pīnsārī			pīnsāns			—
future		pīnsātūrum esse			pīnsātum īrī			pīnsātūrus			pīnsandus
perfect		pīnsāvisse			pīnsātum esse			—			pīnsātus
future perfect		—			pīnsātum fore			—			—
perfect potential		pīnsātūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		pīnsandī		pīnsandō		pīnsandum		pīnsandō		pīnsātum		pīnsātū

Descendants

• Aromanian: chisedz, chisari
• Galician: pisar
• Italian: pestare, pigiare
• Portuguese: pisar
• Romanian: pisa, pisare, păsat
• Spanish: pisar
• English: pestle

Further reading

• “pinso”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “pinso”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 466-467