Wiktionary

oil

See also: OIL, Oil, óil, òil, oïl, and -oil

English

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Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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From Middle English oyle, oile (“olive oil”), borrowed from Anglo-Norman olie, from Latin oleum (“oil, olive oil”), from Ancient Greek ἔλαιον (élaion, “olive oil”), from ἐλαία (elaía, “olive”). Compare Proto-Slavic *lojь. More at olive. Doublet of oleum. Supplanted Middle English ele (“oil”), from Old English ele (“oil”), also from Latin.

Noun

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oil (countable and uncountable, plural oils)

  2. Liquid fat.
  4. Petroleum-based liquid used as fuel or lubricant.
  5. Petroleum.
    Oil is found in countries such as Saudi Arabia and is transported all over the world.
    • 2013 August 3, “Yesterday’s fuel”, in The Economist‎[1], volume 408, number 8847, archived from the original on 2 August 2020:
      The dawn of the oil age was fairly recent. Although the stuff was used to waterproof boats in the Middle East 6,000 years ago, extracting it in earnest began only in 1859 after an oil strike in Pennsylvania. The first barrels of crude fetched $18 (around $450 at today’s prices). It was used to make kerosene, the main fuel for artificial lighting after overfishing led to a shortage of whale blubber.
  6. (countable) An oil painting.
    • 1973, John Ulric Nef, Search for meaning: the autobiography of a nonconformist, page 89:
      Yet, in another way, I was unable to put Picasso's oils in the same class as Cezanne's, or even (which will no doubt shock many readers) as Renoir's.
  7. (painting) Oil paint.
    I prefer to paint in oil
Derived terms
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Translations
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The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
Translations to be checked

Etymology 2

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From Middle English oilen, oylen, from the noun (see above).

Verb

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oil (third-person singular simple present oils, present participle oiling, simple past and past participle oiled)

  1. (transitive) To lubricate with oil.
    Hypernym: lubricate
    Hyponyms: overoil, reoil, underoil
    Coordinate term: grease
    • 1900 May 17, L[yman] Frank Baum, chapter 23, in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, Chicago, Ill.; New York, N.Y.: Geo[rge] M[elvin] Hill Co., →OCLC:
      Before they went to see Glinda, however, they were taken to a room of the Castle, where Dorothy washed her face and combed her hair, and the Lion shook the dust out of his mane, and the Scarecrow patted himself into his best shape, and the Woodman polished his tin and oiled his joints.
    • 1955 February, E. J. Tyler and J. Quanjer, “The Steam Locomotive in Holland 1919-1954”, in Railway Magazine, page 131:
      Platform faces in Holland are further back from the track than they are in Britain, and it is a common thing to see a driver standing quite comfortably between his engine and the platform while oiling the motion.
    • 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 17, in The China Governess: A Mystery, London: Chatto & Windus, →OCLC:
      The face which emerged was not reassuring. […]. He was not a mongol but there was a deficiency of a sort there, and it was not made more pretty by a latter-day hair cut which involved eccentrically long elf-locks and oiled black curls.
  2. (transitive) To grease with oil for cooking.
  3. (transitive) To fuel with oil.
  4. (intransitive, idiomatic) To say in an unctuous manner.
    • 1984 December 22, Michael Bronski, “Women Act Out on Film”, in Gay Community News, volume 12, number 23, page 10:
      "Do you need a drink?" oils Robert Ryan to the disinterested Stanwyck in Clash By Night; "Let's say that's what I need," she sneers back.
Derived terms
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Translations
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Anagrams

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Irish

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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    From Old Irish ail, oil (“disgrace, reproach”).[2]

    Noun

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    oil f (genitive singular oile)

    1. (literary) disgrace, reproach; act of reproaching
    2. (literary) blemish, defect
    Declension
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    Declension of oil (second declension, no plural)
    bare forms
    singular
    nominative oil
    vocative a oil
    genitive oile
    dative oil
    forms with the definite article
    singular
    nominative an oil
    genitive na hoile
    dative leis an oil
    don oil

    Etymology 2

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      From Old Irish ailid, oilid (“nourishes, rears, fosters”) (compare altram (“fosterage”), from a verbal noun of ailid).[3]

      Verb

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      oil (present analytic oileann, future analytic oilfidh, verbal noun oiliúint, past participle oilte)

      1. (transitive) nourish, rear, foster
        Proverb: Gach dalta mar a oiltear. ― Every fosterling as it is reared.
      2. (transitive) train, educate
        lámh oilte ― practised hand
      Conjugation
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      Conjugation of oil (first conjugation – A)
      indicative singular plural direct relative autonomous
      first second third first second third
      present oilim oileann tú;
      oilir†       		oileann sé, sí oilimid; oileann muid oileann sibh oileann siad;
      oilid†       		a oileann; a oileas oiltear
      past d'oil mé; d'oileas /
      oil mé‡; oileas‡       		d'oil tú; d'oilis /
      oil tú‡; oilis‡       		d'oil sé, sí /
      oil sé, sí‡       		d'oileamar; d'oil muid /
      oileamar‡; oil muid‡       		d'oil sibh; d'oileabhair /
      oil sibh‡;
      oileabhair‡       		d'oil siad; d'oileadar /
      oil siad‡; oileadar‡       		a d'oil oileadh;
      hoileadh†
      past habitual d'oilinn /
      oilinn‡       		d'oilteá /
      oilteᇠ      		d'oileadh sé, sí /
      oileadh sé, sí‡       		d'oilimis; d'oileadh muid /
      oilimis‡; oileadh muid‡       		d'oileadh sibh /
      oileadh sibh‡       		d'oilidís; d'oileadh siad /
      oilidís‡; oileadh siad‡       		a d'oileadh d'oiltí /
      oiltí‡
      singular plural direct relative autonomous
      first second third first second third
      future oilfidh mé;
      oilfead       		oilfidh tú;
      oilfir†       		oilfidh sé, sí oilfimid;
      oilfidh muid       		oilfidh sibh oilfidh siad;
      oilfid†       		a oilfidh; a oilfeas oilfear
      conditional d'oilfinn /
      oilfinn‡       		d'oilfeá /
      oilfeᇠ      		d'oilfeadh sé, sí /
      oilfeadh sé, sí‡       		d'oilfimis; d'oilfeadh muid /
      oilfimis‡; oilfeadh muid‡       		d'oilfeadh sibh /
      oilfeadh sibh‡       		d'oilfidís; d'oilfeadh siad /
      oilfidís‡; oilfeadh siad‡       		a d'oilfeadh d'oilfí /
      oilfí‡
      subjunctive singular plural direct relative autonomous
      first second third first second third
      present go n-oile mé;
      go n-oilead†       		go n-oile tú;
      go n-oilir†       		go n-oile sé, sí go n-oilimid;
      go n-oile muid       		go n-oile sibh go n-oile siad;
      go n-oilid†       		— go n-oiltear
      past dá n-oilinn dá n-oilteá dá n-oileadh sé, sí dá n-oilimis;
      dá n-oileadh muid       		dá n-oileadh sibh dá n-oilidís;
      dá n-oileadh siad       		— dá n-oiltí
      imperative singular plural direct relative autonomous
      first second third first second third
      — oilim oil oileadh sé, sí oilimis oiligí;
      oilidh†       		oilidís — oiltear
      past participle oilte
      verbal noun oiliúint

      † archaic or dialect form
      ‡ dependent form

      Derived terms
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      Etymology 3

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        Noun

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        oil f (genitive singular oileach, nominative plural oileacha)

        1. alternative form of ail (“stone, rock”)
        Declension
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        Declension of oil (fifth declension)
        bare forms
        singular plural
        nominative oil oileacha
        vocative a oil a oileacha
        genitive oileach oileacha
        dative oil oileacha
        forms with the definite article
        singular plural
        nominative an oil na hoileacha
        genitive na hoileach na n-oileacha
        dative leis an oil
        don oil         		leis na hoileacha

        Etymology 4

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          Verb

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          oil (present analytic oileann, future analytic oilfidh, verbal noun oiliúint, past participle oilte)

          1. (intransitive) alternative form of oir (“suit, fit, become”)
          Conjugation
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          Conjugation of oil (first conjugation – A)
          indicative singular plural direct relative autonomous
          first second third first second third
          present oilim oileann tú;
          oilir†           		oileann sé, sí oilimid; oileann muid oileann sibh oileann siad;
          oilid†           		a oileann; a oileas oiltear
          past d'oil mé; d'oileas /
          oil mé‡; oileas‡           		d'oil tú; d'oilis /
          oil tú‡; oilis‡           		d'oil sé, sí /
          oil sé, sí‡           		d'oileamar; d'oil muid /
          oileamar‡; oil muid‡           		d'oil sibh; d'oileabhair /
          oil sibh‡;
          oileabhair‡           		d'oil siad; d'oileadar /
          oil siad‡; oileadar‡           		a d'oil oileadh;
          hoileadh†
          past habitual d'oilinn /
          oilinn‡           		d'oilteá /
          oilteᇠ          		d'oileadh sé, sí /
          oileadh sé, sí‡           		d'oilimis; d'oileadh muid /
          oilimis‡; oileadh muid‡           		d'oileadh sibh /
          oileadh sibh‡           		d'oilidís; d'oileadh siad /
          oilidís‡; oileadh siad‡           		a d'oileadh d'oiltí /
          oiltí‡
          singular plural direct relative autonomous
          first second third first second third
          future oilfidh mé;
          oilfead           		oilfidh tú;
          oilfir†           		oilfidh sé, sí oilfimid;
          oilfidh muid           		oilfidh sibh oilfidh siad;
          oilfid†           		a oilfidh; a oilfeas oilfear
          conditional d'oilfinn /
          oilfinn‡           		d'oilfeá /
          oilfeᇠ          		d'oilfeadh sé, sí /
          oilfeadh sé, sí‡           		d'oilfimis; d'oilfeadh muid /
          oilfimis‡; oilfeadh muid‡           		d'oilfeadh sibh /
          oilfeadh sibh‡           		d'oilfidís; d'oilfeadh siad /
          oilfidís‡; oilfeadh siad‡           		a d'oilfeadh d'oilfí /
          oilfí‡
          subjunctive singular plural direct relative autonomous
          first second third first second third
          present go n-oile mé;
          go n-oilead†           		go n-oile tú;
          go n-oilir†           		go n-oile sé, sí go n-oilimid;
          go n-oile muid           		go n-oile sibh go n-oile siad;
          go n-oilid†           		— go n-oiltear
          past dá n-oilinn dá n-oilteá dá n-oileadh sé, sí dá n-oilimis;
          dá n-oileadh muid           		dá n-oileadh sibh dá n-oilidís;
          dá n-oileadh siad           		— dá n-oiltí
          imperative singular plural direct relative autonomous
          first second third first second third
          — oilim oil oileadh sé, sí oilimis oiligí;
          oilidh†           		oilidís — oiltear
          past participle oilte
          verbal noun oiliúint

          † archaic or dialect form
          ‡ dependent form

          Mutation

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          Mutated forms of oil
          radical eclipsis with h-prothesis with t-prothesis
          oil n-oil hoil not applicable

          Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
          All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

          References

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          1. ^ Finck, F. N. (1899), Die araner mundart [The Aran Dialect] (in German), Zweiter Band: Wörterbuch [Second volume: Dictionary], Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 89
          2. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “2 ail (‘disgrace, reproach’)”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
          3. ^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 ailid (‘nourish, foster’”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

          Further reading

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          Middle English

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          Noun

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          oil

          1. alternative form of oyle

          Old French

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          Etymology 1

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          From o +‎ il, possibly from:

          In any case, an elliptical phrase of response, by semantic erosion/grammaticalization possibly calqued on Gaulish: compare Portuguese and Spanish isso and eso (“yes, yeah”, literally “this”), Celtic languages such as Old Irish tó (“yes”), Welsh do (“indeed”), from *tod (“this, that”).[4]

          Compare with Old French o, ou, oc, ec, euc, uoc, Old Occitan oc (Occitan òc), all from the simple Latin hoc.

          Alternative forms

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          • oïl (almost always used by scholars to disambiguate with other meanings)

          Pronunciation

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          Adverb

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          oil

          1. yes

          Interjection

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          oil

          1. yes

          Descendants

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          • French: oui, voui, ouais
            • Haitian Creole: wi
            • Louisiana Creole: wi
            • → English: oui
            • → Māori: Wīwī (“France”)
          • Norman: oui (Guernsey)

          References

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          1. ^ Languages Within Language, by Ivan Fonagy, page 66
          2. ^ “oui”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012
          3. ^ Trésor de la Langue Française informatisé at atilf.fr; select “OÏL”
          4. ^ Peter Schrijver, Studies in the History of Celtic Pronouns and Particles, Maynooth, 1997, 15.

          Etymology 2

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          See ueil.

          Pronunciation

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          Noun

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          oil oblique singular, m (oblique plural ouz or oilz, nominative singular ouz or oilz, nominative plural oil)

          1. alternative form of ueil
            • 1260–1267, Brunetto Latini, “De tous Faucons [On all falcons]” (chapter 150), Book 5, in Livres dou Tresor [Book of Treasures]; republished as Polycarpe Chabaille, compiler, Li livres dou tresor par Brunetto Latini‎[2], Paris: Imprimerie impériale, 1863, page 203:
              La sisisme ligne est sourpoins. Cist est molt grans, et resemble aigle blanche, mais des oilz et des eles et dou bec est il semblables au girfaut
              The sixth kind [of falcon] is the saker. It is very large, and resembles the white eagle; but in the eyes, and in the wings, and in the beak, it is similar to the gyrfalcon

          Simeulue

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          Noun

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          oil

          1. water
          2. sap

          References

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          • Blust's Austronesian Comparative Dictionary
          Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=oil&oldid=90821808"