kering

Dutch

Etymology

From keren (“to turn back”) +‎ -ing.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

kering f (plural keringen, diminutive kerinkje n)

1. barrier, retaining wall (structure designed to keep water or earth in or out)

Derived terms

• stormvloedkering
• waterkering

Hungarian

Alternative forms

• kereng (regional or literary)

Etymology

From the same Proto-Finno-Ugric root *kerä (“round, turning; turn, twist”) as kerül and kerít +‎ -ing (frequentative suffix).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkɛriŋɡ]
• Hyphenation: ke‧ring
• Rhymes: -iŋɡ

Verb

kering

1. (intransitive) to circulate, revolve, orbit, circle

Conjugation

Conjugation of kering

Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
indica­tive	indica­tive	pre­sent	indef.	keringek	keringesz	kering	keringünk	keringetek or keringtek	keringenek
			def.	intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
			2nd obj
		past	indef.	keringtem	keringtél	keringett	keringtünk	keringtetek	keringtek
			def.	―
			2nd obj
		future		Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. keringeni fog.
archaic preterite		indef.	keringék	keringél	keringe	keringénk	keringétek	keringének
		def.	―
		2nd obj
archaic past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. kering vala, keringett vala/volt.
archaic future	indef.	keringendek	keringendesz	keringend	keringendünk	keringendetek	keringendenek
	def.	―
	2nd obj
condi­tional	pre­sent	indef.	keringenék	keringenél	keringene	keringenénk	keringenétek	keringenének
		def.	―
		2nd obj
	past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. keringett volna
sub­junc­tive	sub­junc­tive	pre­sent	indef.	keringjek	keringj or keringjél	keringjen	keringjünk	keringjetek	keringjenek
			def.	―
			2nd obj
(archaic) past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. keringett légyen
infinitive	keringeni		keringenem	keringened	keringenie	keringenünk	keringenetek	keringeniük
other forms	verbal noun		present part.	past part.	future part.	adverbial participle		causative
	keringés		keringő	keringett	―	keringve (keringvén)

Potential conjugation of kering

Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
indica­tive	indica­tive	pre­sent	indef.	keringhetek	keringhetsz	keringhet	keringhetünk	keringhettek	keringhetnek
			def.	intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
			2nd obj
		past	indef.	keringhettem	keringhettél	keringhetett	keringhettünk	keringhettetek	keringhettek
			def.	―
			2nd obj
archaic preterite		indef.	keringheték	keringhetél	keringhete	keringheténk	keringhetétek	keringhetének
		def.	―
		2nd obj
archaic past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. keringhet vala, keringhetett vala/volt.
archaic future	indef.	keringhetendek or keringandhatok	keringhetendesz or keringandhatsz	keringhetend or keringandhat	keringhetendünk or keringandhatunk	keringhetendetek or keringandhattok	keringhetendenek or keringandhatnak
	def.	―
	2nd obj
condi­tional	pre­sent	indef.	keringhetnék	keringhetnél	keringhetne	keringhetnénk	keringhetnétek	keringhetnének
		def.	―
		2nd obj
	past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. keringhetett volna
sub­junc­tive	sub­junc­tive	pre­sent	indef.	keringhessek	keringhess or keringhessél	keringhessen	keringhessünk	keringhessetek	keringhessenek
			def.	―
			2nd obj
(archaic) past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. keringhetett légyen
infinitive	(keringhetni)		(keringhetnem)	(keringhetned)	(keringhetnie)	(keringhetnünk)	(keringhetnetek)	(keringhetniük)
other forms	positive adjective			negative adjective		adverbial participle
	―			―		(keringhetve / keringhetvén)

or

Conjugation of kering

Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
indica­tive	indica­tive	pre­sent	indef.	keringek	keringsz	kering	keringünk	keringtek	keringnek
			def.	intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
			2nd obj
		past	indef.	keringtem	keringtél	keringett	keringtünk	keringtetek	keringtek
			def.	―
			2nd obj
		future		Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. keringni fog.
archaic preterite		indef.	keringék	keringél	keringe	keringénk	keringétek	keringének
		def.	―
		2nd obj
archaic past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. kering vala, keringett vala/volt.
archaic future	indef.	keringendek	keringendesz	keringend	keringendünk	keringendetek	keringendenek
	def.	―
	2nd obj
condi­tional	pre­sent	indef.	keringnék	keringnél	keringne	keringnénk	keringnétek	keringnének
		def.	―
		2nd obj
	past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. keringett volna
sub­junc­tive	sub­junc­tive	pre­sent	indef.	keringjek	keringj or keringjél	keringjen	keringjünk	keringjetek	keringjenek
			def.	―
			2nd obj
(archaic) past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. keringett légyen
infinitive	keringni		keringnem	keringned	keringnie	keringnünk	keringnetek	keringniük
other forms	verbal noun		present part.	past part.	future part.	adverbial participle		causative
	keringés		keringő	keringett	―	keringve (keringvén)

Potential conjugation of kering

Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
indica­tive	indica­tive	pre­sent	indef.	keringhetek	keringhetsz	keringhet	keringhetünk	keringhettek	keringhetnek
			def.	intransitive verb, definite forms are not used
			2nd obj
		past	indef.	keringhettem	keringhettél	keringhetett	keringhettünk	keringhettetek	keringhettek
			def.	―
			2nd obj
archaic preterite		indef.	keringheték	keringhetél	keringhete	keringheténk	keringhetétek	keringhetének
		def.	―
		2nd obj
archaic past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. keringhet vala, keringhetett vala/volt.
archaic future	indef.	keringhetendek or keringandhatok	keringhetendesz or keringandhatsz	keringhetend or keringandhat	keringhetendünk or keringandhatunk	keringhetendetek or keringandhattok	keringhetendenek or keringandhatnak
	def.	―
	2nd obj
condi­tional	pre­sent	indef.	keringhetnék	keringhetnél	keringhetne	keringhetnénk	keringhetnétek	keringhetnének
		def.	―
		2nd obj
	past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. keringhetett volna
sub­junc­tive	sub­junc­tive	pre­sent	indef.	keringhessek	keringhess or keringhessél	keringhessen	keringhessünk	keringhessetek	keringhessenek
			def.	―
			2nd obj
(archaic) past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. keringhetett légyen
infinitive	(keringhetni)		(keringhetnem)	(keringhetned)	(keringhetnie)	(keringhetnünk)	(keringhetnetek)	(keringhetniük)
other forms	positive adjective			negative adjective		adverbial participle
	―			―		(keringhetve / keringhetvén)

Derived terms

• keringés
• keringő

Related terms

• kerengő dervisek
• kerít
• kerül

Further reading

• kering in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.

Iban

Adjective

kering

1. strong (physically)

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /kəˈriŋ/ [kəˈriŋ]
• Rhymes: -iŋ
• Syllabification: ke‧ring

Etymology 1

From Malay kering.

Adjective

kêring (comparative lebih kering, superlative paling kering)

1. dry

   Antonyms: basah, berair, lembap

   tanahnya sudah kering ― the soil is already dry

2. (figurative) broke, penniless (without any money)
3. (figurative) menopaused
4. (figurative, dialectal or ovsolete) startled, stunned, surprised

   Synonyms: kaget, heran, tersirap

Derived terms

• berkering
• kekeringan
• kering-kering
• mengering
• mengeringi
• mengeringkan
• pengering
• pengeringan
• terkering

• kering beku
• kering embun
• kering kerontang
• kering mersik
• kering ringkai
• kering tulang

• batuk kering
• kamar mandi kering
• pasar kering

Etymology 2

Onomatopoeic

Noun

kêring (plural kering-kering)

1. ringing

Derived terms

• berkering-kering

Further reading

• “kering”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Malay

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *kəriŋ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kəRiŋ (“dry”).

Pronunciation

• (schwa-variety) IPA^(key): /kəˈreŋ/ [kəˈreŋ]
  • Rhymes: -reŋ, -eŋ

• (/a/-variety, Standard Literary) IPA^(key): /kəˈriŋ/ [kəˈriŋ]
  • Rhymes: -riŋ, -iŋ
• Hyphenation: ke‧ring

Adjective

kering (Jawi spelling کريڠ, comparative lebih kering, superlative paling kering)

1. dry (free from liquid or moisture).

   Synonyms: gersang, kontang

   Antonyms: basah, lembap

   Jemur pakaian itu di luar sehingga kering.

   Hang the clothes outside until they are dry.

2. arid (lacking rain).

   Kawasan gurun itu sangat kering dan tandus.

   The desert area is very arid and barren.

3. dried (preserved by removing moisture).

   Ibu membeli ikan kering di pasar.

   Mother bought dried fish at the market.

Derived terms

Affixations

• kekeringan (“dryness”)
• mengering
• mengeringkan
• pengering (“dryer”)
• pengeringan (“act or process of drying”)

Compounds

• ais kering (“dry ice”)
• batuk kering (“tuberculosis”)
• cuci kering
• ikan kering (“dried fish”)
• kuih kering
• musim kering (“dry season”)
• sotong kering (“dried squid”)
• tulang kering

Descendants

• > Indonesian: kering (inherited)

Further reading

• "kering" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017

Old Javanese

Etymology

From Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ka-wiʀi, from Proto-Austronesian *ka-wiʀi.

Adjective

kering

1. left, opposite of right