kafir
See also: kâfir
English
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Arabic كَافِر (kāfir, “denier, unbeliever”). Doublet of kaffir.
Pronunciation
edit- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈkæfə/
Audio (Southern England): (file) - (General American) IPA(key): /ˈkæfɚ/
- Rhymes: -æfə(ɹ)
Noun
editkafir (countable and uncountable, plural kuffar or kafirs or kafirun)
- (Islam, countable, offensive, religious slur, politics) A disbeliever, a denier: someone who rejects or disbelieves in Allah or the tenets of Islam; or more broadly any non-Muslim.
- Antonym: Muslim
- 2024 August 21, “Investigation Into Bangladeshi Preacher Amir Hamza’s Sermon in Singapore on 9 August 2024”, in Ministry of Home Affairs (Singapore)[5]:
- In his sermon, Amir Hamza espoused extremist and segregationist views. He inferred that non-Muslims are “kafir” (infidels).
- (uncountable) Ellipsis of kafir corn.
- 1914, Omar Orlando Churchill, Forage and Silage Crops for Oklahoma, page 10:
- Kafir makes better forage than the duras.
- 1918, Yearbook of the United States Department of Agriculture, page 568:
- Kafir is confined practically to the Southwestern States where, owing to its drought resistant character, it has become an important crop.
Usage notes
edit- Some people use the term to refer to any non-Muslim,[1] but others consider this an error.[2][3] The term is sometimes derogatory.[4][5][6]
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editTranslations
editinfidel, non-Muslim
|
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Shaykh Al-Islam ibn Taymiyyah, v. 27, p. 264: “Whosoever does not forbid people from the deen of the Jews and Christians after the prophethood of the messenger Muhammad (saw) nor declares them kafir nor hates them, he is not a Muslim by the consensus of ALL Muslims, their scholars and the general public.”
- ^ Ahmed Affi, Hassan Affi Contemporary Interpretation of Islamic Law (Troubador Publishing Ltd 2014, →ISBN), page 12
- ^ Asghar Ali Engineer, Islam in Contemporary World (Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd 2007, →ISBN), xvi
- ^ Rajan, Julie (30 January 2015), Al Qaeda’s Global Crisis: The Islamic State, Takfir and the Genocide of Muslims[1], Routledge, retrieved 27 August 2015, page cii
- ^ Bunt, Gary (2009), Muslims[2], The Other Press, retrieved 27 August 2015, page ccxxiv
- ^ Pruniere, Gerard (1 January 2007), Darfur: The Ambiguous Genocide[3], Cornell University Press, retrieved 27 August 2015, page xvi
Anagrams
editFrench
editNoun
editkafir m or f by sense (plural kafirs)
- alternative form of kâfir
Further reading
edit- “kafir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012
Indonesian
editEtymology
editFrom Malay kafir, from Classical Malay kafir (“infidel”), from Arabic كَافِر (kāfir, “denier, unbeliever”).
- The sense “non-Jew” is a semantic loan from Hebrew גּוֹי (goi, “nation”) and semantic loan from Ancient Greek ἐθνικός (ethnikós).
Pronunciation
edit- (Standard Indonesian) IPA(key): /ˈkafir/ [ˈka.fɪr]
- Rhymes: -afir
- Syllabification: ka‧fir
Noun
editkafir (plural kafir-kafir)
- (in general senses) unbeliever, non-believer, infidel
- (Islam) a kafir, a disbeliever, a denier, someone who denies the truths from Allah; or more broadly any non-Muslim
- (Christianity) non-Christian
- (Christianity, Jewish) gentile, non-Jew
Usage notes
editThis term is sometimes derogatory.
Derived terms
edit- kafirkan (“to kafirize, accuse being a kafir”)
- kekafiran (“kafirness”)
- pengafir (“one who kafirizes”)
- pengafiran (“kafirizing, kafirization”)
Further reading
edit- “kafir”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016
Malay
editAlternative forms
edit- kapir (colloquial, nonstandard)
Etymology
editBorrowed from Arabic كَافِر (kāfir, “denier, unbeliever”).
Pronunciation
edit- (Standard Southern Peninsular Malaysia) IPA(key): /ˈkafe(r)/ [ˈka.fe(r)]
Noun
editkafir (Jawi spelling کافير, plural kafir-kafir or kafir2)
- (Islam, offensive, religious slur) A kafir, a disbeliever, a denier: someone who denies the truths from Allah; or more broadly any non-Muslim.
Usage notes
edit- This term is considered racist and offensive by non-Muslim Malaysians as it is often used pejoratively against non-Muslims who are also of non-Malay backgrounds.[1]
- To avoid offence, terms such as orang bukan Islam and orang bukan Muslim, respectively meaning a person who is "non-Islam" and a person who is "non-Muslim", are often used instead.
Derived terms
editAffixations
Compounds
- kafir harbi (“hostile non-Muslims”)
- kafir Majusi (“Zoroastrians”)
- kafir muahad (“a non-Muslims who is under a treaty with a Muslim”)
- kafir zimmi (“friendly or compliant non-Muslims, dhimmi, subjects”)
Related terms
edit- kafirun (“non-Muslims”)
Descendants
edit- > Indonesian: kafir (inherited)
References
edit- ^ Farouk A. Peru (2017), “Pelampau halal, apartheid dan kafir [Halal, apartheid and kafir extremists]”, in Free Malaysia Today[4] (in Malay), archived from the original on 27 October 2025: “Label ini sudah jadi seperti label kaum. Seperti juga orang Yahudi memanggil orang lain “goyim” iaitu bangsa bukan Yahudi. Sama juga dengan label “kafir”. Ia digunakan dengan begitu selamba sehingga ia menjadi label rasis. ― This label has become akin to a racial label. Similar to how Jewish people refer to other people as "goyim", that is, non-Jewish races. The same is true for the label "kafir". It is used so rudely that it has become a racist label.”
Further reading
edit- "kafir" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017
Polish
editPronunciation
editNoun
editkafir m pers
Declension
editDeclension of kafir
Further reading
editSwedish
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Arabic كَافِر (kāfir).
Noun
editkafir c
- (Islam) kafir
- 1910, Sven Hedin, Öfver land till Indien I[7], Albert Bonnier, accessed at Litteraturbanken.se, courtesy of Göteborgs universitetsbibliotek, archived from the original on 30 March 2025, page 157:
- Men jag är »kafir» i deras ögon och muhamedanerna äta icke från samma fat som en hedning.
- But I'm a "kafir" in their eyes, and Mohammedans don't eat from the same plate as a pagan.
- 2015 June 8, Maria Rashidi, “'När får vi vårt första svenska förortskalifat?'”, in Göteborgs-Posten[8], archived from the original on 6 April 2024:
- Egentligen talar hon om islamister som – till skillnad från många liberala, demokratiska och sekulära muslimer – anser att västerlänningar/kafirer är fiender till deras Gud.
- In reality, she's talking about islamists who – in contrast to many liberal, democratic, and secular Muslims – think that Westerners/kafirs are enemies of their God.
- 2017 May 15, Magda Gad, “Kan bli de värsta striderna hittills”, in Expressen[9], archived from the original on 25 April 2024:
- Saudis kungahus [...] välkomna[de] [...] amerikanska soldater, kafirer som inte tror på islam, till saudisk helig mark.
- The Saudi royal family welcomed American soldiers, kafirs who don't believe in Islam, to Saudi holy ground.
Declension
edit| nominative | genitive | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| singular | indefinite | kafir | kafirs |
| definite | kafiren | kafirens | |
| plural | indefinite | kafirer | kafirers |
| definite | kafirerna | kafirernas |
Related terms
edit- icke-muslim (“non-Muslim”)
References
edit- “kafir”, in Svenska Akademiens ordbok [Dictionary of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)
- Kāfir in Nordisk familjebok (1st ed., 1884)
Categories:
- Pages to be merged
- English terms borrowed from Arabic
- English terms derived from Arabic
- English doublets
- English terms derived from the Arabic root ك ف ر
- English 2-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:English/æfə(ɹ)
- Rhymes:English/æfə(ɹ)/2 syllables
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English uncountable nouns
- English countable nouns
- English nouns with irregular plurals
- en:Islam
- English offensive terms
- English religious slurs
- en:Politics
- English terms with quotations
- English ellipses
- en:People
- en:Islamism
- French lemmas
- French nouns
- French countable nouns
- French terms spelled with K
- French masculine and feminine nouns by sense
- French masculine nouns
- French feminine nouns
- French nouns with multiple genders
- Indonesian terms derived from Arabic
- Indonesian terms derived from the Arabic root ك ف ر
- Indonesian terms inherited from Malay
- Indonesian terms derived from Malay
- Indonesian terms inherited from Classical Malay
- Indonesian terms derived from Classical Malay
- Indonesian semantic loans from Hebrew
- Indonesian terms derived from Hebrew
- Indonesian semantic loans from Ancient Greek
- Indonesian terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Indonesian 2-syllable words
- Indonesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Indonesian/afir
- Rhymes:Indonesian/afir/2 syllables
- Indonesian lemmas
- Indonesian nouns
- id:Islam
- id:Christianity
- Malay terms derived from Arabic
- Malay terms derived from the Arabic root ك ف ر
- Malay terms borrowed from Arabic
- Malay 2-syllable words
- Malay terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Malay/afe(r)
- Rhymes:Malay/afe(r)/2 syllables
- Rhymes:Malay/fe(r)
- Rhymes:Malay/fe(r)/2 syllables
- Rhymes:Malay/e(r)
- Rhymes:Malay/e(r)/2 syllables
- Rhymes:Malay/afir
- Rhymes:Malay/afir/2 syllables
- Rhymes:Malay/fir
- Rhymes:Malay/fir/2 syllables
- Rhymes:Malay/ir
- Rhymes:Malay/ir/2 syllables
- Malay lemmas
- Malay nouns
- ms:Islam
- Malay offensive terms
- Malay religious slurs
- Polish 2-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Polish/afir
- Rhymes:Polish/afir/2 syllables
- Polish lemmas
- Polish nouns
- Polish masculine nouns
- Polish personal nouns
- pl:Islam
- Swedish terms borrowed from Arabic
- Swedish terms derived from Arabic
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish nouns
- Swedish common-gender nouns
- sv:Islam
- Swedish terms with quotations