gi-

Cebuano

Etymology

Apparently from an older form gina-. Compare Hiligaynon gina- and dialectal Tagalog ina- which also mark the perfective aspect in non-agent triggers.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈɡi/ [ˈɡi]

Prefix

gi- (Badlit spelling ᜄᜒ)

forms the complete aspect in all triggers except the active trigger
Gikaon nako ang mangga (patient trigger)
I ate the mango (mango is focused)

Giadtoan nako ang merkado (locative trigger)
We went to the market (market is focused)

References

John U. Wolff (1972), A dictionary of Cebuano Visayan‎^[1] (overall work in Cebuano and English), Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press

Gwere

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Bantu *gɪ́- (“Class 4 pronominal concord”).

Prefix

gi-

Class 4 pronominal concord.

References

Kagaya, Ryohei (2006), A Gwere Vocabulary‎^[2], Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, page iv

Ojibwe

Alternative forms

Prefix

gi-

A prefix denoting the second person

Usage notes

gi- is the unmarked form, and appears before stems that begin with a consonant.

Related terms

See also

Ojibwe personal prefixes
		stem begins with...	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
consonants		p t k h ch m n s sh w y	ni-	gi-	o-
		d g ' j z zh	nin-
		b	nim-
vowels		o	nindo-	gido-	odo-
		a aa e i	nind-	gid-	od-
		oo	n-	g-	od-
		ii	n-	g-	w-

References

The Ojibwe People's Dictionary https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/main-entry/gi-pf

Old Dutch

Alternative forms

ge-

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm.

Prefix

gi-

Used for forming the past participle.
Forms perfective verbs from other verbs with a sense of completeness, or simply as an intensifier.
Forms collective nouns.

Descendants

Middle Dutch: ghe-, ge-, (West-Flanders) i-, y-
- Dutch: ge-
  - Afrikaans: ge-
- West Flemish: ge-, e-

Old English

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ji/

Prefix

ġi-

alternative form of ġe-

Old High German

Alternative forms

ga-, ki-, ka-

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm.

Prefix

gi-

Used for forming the past participle.
Forms perfective verbs from other verbs with a sense of completeness, or simply as an intensifier.
Forms collective nouns.

Derived terms

Descendants

Middle High German: ge-
- Alemannic German: g- or ge- (euphonic)
- Bavarian: g-
- German: ge-, g-
- Luxembourgish: ge-
- Vilamovian: gy-
- Yiddish: גע־ (ge-)

Old Saxon

Alternative forms

i-, ge-, ga-

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm.

Prefix

gi-

Used for forming the past participle.
giboran (“born”)

gifundan (“found”)

gihētan (“called”)

githāht (“thought”)

gialdrod (“aged”)
Forms perfective verbs from other verbs with a sense of completeness, or simply as an intensifier.
gidōmian (“to doom”)

gibrengian (“to accomplish”)

gidēlian (“to distribute”)

gifāhan (“to catch”)

gifremmian (“to accomplish”)

gifregnan (“to experience”)

gifullian (“to fulfill”)

gigarwian (“to prepare”)

gigirnian (“to acquire”)

gihaldan (“to keep”)

gihalon (“to acquire”)

gihētan (“to promise”)

gihuggian (“to remember”)

gimanagfaldon (“to multiply”)
Forms collective nouns.
gibūr (“neighbour”)

gibrōthar (“brothers”)

gisunfadar (“father and son”)

giswestar (“siblings”)

Derived terms

Old Saxon terms prefixed with gi-

Descendants

Middle Low German: ge-
- Low German: ge-, e-, je-

Phuthi

Etymology 1

From Proto-Nguni *ngi-.

Prefix

gi-

I; first-person singular subject concord.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Nguni *ngí-.

Prefix

gi-

me; first-person singular object concord.

Tagalog

Etymology

From clipping of gitna.

Pronunciation

(Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ɡi/ [ɡɪ]
Syllabification: gi-

Prefix

gi- (Baybayin spelling ᜄᜒ)

alternative form of git-

Usage notes

Used for roots starting in letter ⟨t⟩.

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