dushman

Albanian

Alternative forms

• dushmën — dialectal

Etymology

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish دشمن (düşman), from Classical Persian دشمن (dušman).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /duʃˈman/
• Rhymes: -an

Noun

dushman m (plural dushmanë, definite dushmani, definite plural dushmanët)

1. (colloquial) enemy; conqueror

   Synonyms: armik; pushtues

References

• “dushman”, in FMGJSH: Fjalor i madh i gjuhës shqipe (in Albanian), 2026
• “dushman”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006
• FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎^[1], 1980, page 388b
• Bufli, G.; Rocchi, L. (2021), “dushman”, in A historical-etymological dictionary of Turkisms in Albanian (1555–1954), Trieste: Edizioni Università di Trieste, page 140

Aromanian

Alternative forms

• dushmanu

Etymology

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish دشمن (düşmen, düşman). Cognate to Romanian dușman.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /duʃˈman/

Noun

dushman m (plural dushmanj, feminine equivalent dushmanã)

1. enemy

Uzbek

Other scripts

Arabic	Afghan Uzbek
	Yangi Imlo
Cyrillic		душман‍
Latin		dushman‍

Etymology

Inherited from Chagatai دشمن (dšmn), from Classical Persian دشمن (dušman).

Noun

dushman (plural dushmanlar)

1. enemy

Declension

Declension of dushman

	singular	plural
nominative	dushman	dushmanlar
genitive	dushmanning	dushmanlarning
dative	dushmanga	dushmanlarga
definite accusative	dushmanni	dushmanlarni
locative	dushmanda	dushmanlarda
ablative	dushmandan	dushmanlardan
similative	dushmandek	dushmanlardek

Possessive forms of dushman

1st person singular
	singular	plural
nominative	dushmanim	dushmanlarim
genitive	dushmanimning	dushmanlarimning
dative	dushmanimga	dushmanlarimga
definite accusative	dushmanimni	dushmanlarimni
locative	dushmanimda	dushmanlarimda
ablative	dushmanimdan	dushmanlarimdan
similative	dushmanimdek	dushmanlarimdek
2nd person singular
	singular	plural
nominative	dushmaning	dushmanlaring
genitive	dushmaningning	dushmanlaringning
dative	dushmaningga	dushmanlaringga
definite accusative	dushmaningni	dushmanlaringni
locative	dushmaningda	dushmanlaringda
ablative	dushmaningdan	dushmanlaringdan
similative	dushmaningdek	dushmanlaringdek
3rd person singular
	singular	plural
nominative	dushmani	dushmanlari
genitive	dushmanining	dushmanlarining
dative	dushmaniga	dushmanlariga
definite accusative	dushmanini	dushmanlarini
locative	dushmanida	dushmanlarida
ablative	dushmanidan	dushmanlaridan
similative	dushmanidek	dushmanlaridek
1st person plural
	singular	plural
nominative	dushmanimiz	dushmanlarimiz
genitive	dushmanimizning	dushmanlarimizning
dative	dushmanimizga	dushmanlarimizga
definite accusative	dushmanimizni	dushmanlarimizni
locative	dushmanimizda	dushmanlarimizda
ablative	dushmanimizdan	dushmanlarimizdan
similative	dushmanimizdek	dushmanlarimizdek
2nd person plural
	singular	plural
nominative	dushmaningiz	dushmanlaringiz
genitive	dushmaningizning	dushmanlaringizning
dative	dushmaningizga	dushmanlaringizga
definite accusative	dushmaningizni	dushmanlaringizni
locative	dushmaningizda	dushmanlaringizda
ablative	dushmaningizdan	dushmanlaringizdan
similative	dushmaningizdek	dushmanlaringizdek
3rd person plural
	singular	plural
nominative	dushmani	dushmanlari
genitive	dushmanining	dushmanlarining
dative	dushmaniga	dushmanlariga
definite accusative	dushmanini	dushmanlarini
locative	dushmanida	dushmanlarida
ablative	dushmanidan	dushmanlaridan
similative	dushmanidek	dushmanlaridek

Further reading

• “dushman“ in izoh.uz