colmar

See also: Colmar

Galician

colmando ("thatching")

Etymology

From colmo (“thatch”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kolˈmaɾ/

Verb

colmar (first-person singular present colmo, first-person singular preterite colmei, past participle colmado)

1. to thatch
2. to end the construction of a palleiro (type of haystack)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of colmar

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	colmar
Personal	colmar	colmares	colmar	colmarmos	colmardes	colmaren
Gerund
	colmando
Past participle
Masculine	colmado			colmados
Feminine	colmada			colmadas
Indicative
Present	colmo	colmas	colma	colmamos	colmades	colman
Imperfect	colmaba	colmabas	colmaba	colmabamos	colmabades	colmaban
Preterite	colmei	colmaches	colmou	colmamos	colmastes	colmaron
Pluperfect	colmara	colmaras	colmara	colmaramos	colmarades	colmaran
Future	colmarei	colmarás	colmará	colmaremos	colmaredes	colmarán
Conditional	colmaría	colmarías	colmaría	colmariamos	colmariades	colmarían
Subjunctive
Present	colme	colmes	colme	colmemos	colmedes	colmen
Imperfect	colmase	colmases	colmase	colmásemos	colmásedes	colmasen
Future	colmar	colmares	colmar	colmarmos	colmardes	colmaren
Imperative
Affirmative		colma	colme	colmemos	colmade	colmen
Negative (non)		non colmes	non colme	non colmemos	non colmedes	non colmen

    Reintegrated conjugation of colmar (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	colmar
Personal	colmar	colmares	colmar	colmarmos	colmardes	colmarem
Gerund
	colmando
Past participle
Masculine	colmado			colmados
Feminine	colmada			colmadas
Indicative
Present	colmo	colmas	colma	colmamos	colmades, colmais	colmam
Imperfect	colmava	colmavas	colmava	colmávamos	colmávades, colmáveis, colmávais1	colmavam
Preterite	colmei	colmaste, colmache1	colmou	colmamos	colmastes	colmárom, colmaram
Pluperfect	colmara	colmaras	colmara	colmáramos	colmárades, colmáreis, colmárais1	colmaram
Future	colmarei	colmarás	colmará	colmaremos	colmaredes, colmareis	colmarám, colmarão
Conditional	colmaria	colmarias	colmaria	colmaríamos	colmaríades, colmaríeis, colmaríais1	colmariam
Subjunctive
Present	colme	colmes	colme	colmemos	colmedes, colmeis	colmem
Imperfect	colmasse	colmasses	colmasse	colmássemos	colmássedes, colmásseis	colmassem
Future	colmar	colmares	colmar	colmarmos	colmardes	colmarem
Imperative
Affirmative		colma	colme	colmemos	colmade, colmai	colmem
Negative (nom)		nom colmes	nom colme	nom colmemos	nom colmedes, nom colmeis	nom colmem

¹Less recommended.

Related terms

• colmo (“thatch”)

References

• Barreiro, Xavier Varela; Guinovart, Xavier Gómez (2006–2018), “colmar”, in Corpus Xelmírez: corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval [Corpus Xelmírez: linguistic corpus of Medieval Galicia] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “colmar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• “colmar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2026
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “colmar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• “colmar”, in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (in Galician), 2014–2026
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “colmar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Portuguese

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /kowˈma(ʁ)/ [koʊ̯ˈma(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /kowˈma(ʁ)/ [koʊ̯ˈma(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /kowˈma(ɾ)/ [koʊ̯ˈma(ɾ)]
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /kowˈma(ʁ)/ [koʊ̯ˈma(χ)]
  • (Caipira) IPA^(key): /kowˈma(ɻ)/ [koʊ̯ˈma(ɻ)]

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /kolˈmaɾ/ [koɫˈmaɾ], /kɔlˈmaɾ/ [kɔɫˈmaɾ]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /kolˈmaɾ/ [koɫˈmaɾ], /kɔlˈmaɾ/ [kɔɫˈmaɾ]
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /kolˈma.ɾi/ [koɫˈma.ɾi], /kɔlˈma.ɾi/ [kɔɫˈma.ɾi]

• Hyphenation: col‧mar

Etymology 1

From colmo.

Verb

colmar (first-person singular present colmo, first-person singular preterite colmei, past participle colmado)

1. to thatch (cover with thatch)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of colmar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	colmar
Personal	colmar	colmares	colmar	colmarmos	colmardes	colmarem
Gerund
	colmando
Past participle
Masculine	colmado			colmados
Feminine	colmada			colmadas
Indicative
Present	colmo	colmas	colma	colmamos	colmais	colmam
Imperfect	colmava	colmavas	colmava	colmávamos	colmáveis	colmavam
Preterite	colmei	colmaste	colmou	colmamos1, colmámos2	colmastes	colmaram
Pluperfect	colmara	colmaras	colmara	colmáramos	colmáreis	colmaram
Future	colmarei	colmarás	colmará	colmaremos	colmareis	colmarão
Conditional	colmaria	colmarias	colmaria	colmaríamos	colmaríeis	colmariam
Subjunctive
Present	colme	colmes	colme	colmemos	colmeis	colmem
Imperfect	colmasse	colmasses	colmasse	colmássemos	colmásseis	colmassem
Future	colmar	colmares	colmar	colmarmos	colmardes	colmarem
Imperative
Affirmative		colma	colme	colmemos	colmai	colmem
Negative (não)		não colmes	não colme	não colmemos	não colmeis	não colmem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Etymology 2

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ḱewh₁-

Proto-Indo-European *ḱuh₁mósder.?

Latin cumulus

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂

Proto-Indo-European *-yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.

Proto-Italic *-ājō

Proto-Italic *-āō

Latin -ō

Latin cumulāre

Portuguese colmar

Inherited from Latin cumulāre. Doublet of cumular.

Verb

colmar (first-person singular present colmo, first-person singular preterite colmei, past participle colmado)

1. (literary) to depict or regard as superior; to elevate
2. (literary, figurative) to fill with; to shower with; to provide with in abundance (especially positive things)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of colmar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	colmar
Personal	colmar	colmares	colmar	colmarmos	colmardes	colmarem
Gerund
	colmando
Past participle
Masculine	colmado			colmados
Feminine	colmada			colmadas
Indicative
Present	colmo	colmas	colma	colmamos	colmais	colmam
Imperfect	colmava	colmavas	colmava	colmávamos	colmáveis	colmavam
Preterite	colmei	colmaste	colmou	colmamos1, colmámos2	colmastes	colmaram
Pluperfect	colmara	colmaras	colmara	colmáramos	colmáreis	colmaram
Future	colmarei	colmarás	colmará	colmaremos	colmareis	colmarão
Conditional	colmaria	colmarias	colmaria	colmaríamos	colmaríeis	colmariam
Subjunctive
Present	colme	colmes	colme	colmemos	colmeis	colmem
Imperfect	colmasse	colmasses	colmasse	colmássemos	colmásseis	colmassem
Future	colmar	colmares	colmar	colmarmos	colmardes	colmarem
Imperative
Affirmative		colma	colme	colmemos	colmai	colmem
Negative (não)		não colmes	não colme	não colmemos	não colmeis	não colmem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Further reading

• “colmar”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “colmar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Spanish

Etymology

Inherited from Latin cumulāre, with syncope of the second ⟨u⟩ and metathesis of /m/ and /l/. Doublet of the borrowed cumular.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kolˈmaɾ/ [kolˈmaɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: col‧mar

Verb

colmar (first-person singular present colmo, first-person singular preterite colmé, past participle colmado)

1. (transitive) to fulfill, satisfy
2. (transitive) to fill, fill to the brim
3. (transitive) to shower, heap

   El rey lo colmó de favores.

   The king showered him with favours.

4. (transitive) to overwhelm

Conjugation

    Conjugation of colmar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			colmar
gerund			colmando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		colmado		colmada
		plural		colmados		colmadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	colmo	colmastú colmásvos	colma	colmamos	colmáis	colman
	imperfect	colmaba	colmabas	colmaba	colmábamos	colmabais	colmaban
	preterite	colmé	colmaste	colmó	colmamos	colmasteis	colmaron
	future	colmaré	colmarás	colmará	colmaremos	colmaréis	colmarán
	conditional	colmaría	colmarías	colmaría	colmaríamos	colmaríais	colmarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	colme	colmestú colmésvos2	colme	colmemos	colméis	colmen
	imperfect (ra)	colmara	colmaras	colmara	colmáramos	colmarais	colmaran
	imperfect (se)	colmase	colmases	colmase	colmásemos	colmaseis	colmasen
	future1	colmare	colmares	colmare	colmáremos	colmareis	colmaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		colmatú colmávos	colme	colmemos	colmad	colmen
	negative		no colmes	no colme	no colmemos	no colméis	no colmen

¹Rare; now chiefly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tuteo-form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of colmar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive colmar	dative	colmarme	colmarte	colmarle, colmarse	colmarnos	colmaros	colmarles, colmarse
	accusative	colmarme	colmarte	colmarlo, colmarla, colmarse	colmarnos	colmaros	colmarlos, colmarlas, colmarse
with gerund colmando	dative	colmándome	colmándote	colmándole, colmándose	colmándonos	colmándoos	colmándoles, colmándose
	accusative	colmándome	colmándote	colmándolo, colmándola, colmándose	colmándonos	colmándoos	colmándolos, colmándolas, colmándose
with informal second-person singular tuteo imperative colma	dative	cólmame	cólmate	cólmale	cólmanos	not used	cólmales
	accusative	cólmame	cólmate	cólmalo, cólmala	cólmanos	not used	cólmalos, cólmalas
with informal second-person singular voseo imperative colmá	dative	colmame	colmate	colmale	colmanos	not used	colmales
	accusative	colmame	colmate	colmalo, colmala	colmanos	not used	colmalos, colmalas
with formal second-person singular imperative colme	dative	cólmeme	not used	cólmele, cólmese	cólmenos	not used	cólmeles
	accusative	cólmeme	not used	cólmelo, cólmela, cólmese	cólmenos	not used	cólmelos, cólmelas
with first-person plural imperative colmemos	dative	not used	colmémoste	colmémosle	colmémonos	colmémoos	colmémosles
	accusative	not used	colmémoste	colmémoslo, colmémosla	colmémonos	colmémoos	colmémoslos, colmémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative colmad	dative	colmadme	not used	colmadle	colmadnos	colmaos	colmadles
	accusative	colmadme	not used	colmadlo, colmadla	colmadnos	colmaos	colmadlos, colmadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative colmen	dative	cólmenme	not used	cólmenle	cólmennos	not used	cólmenles, cólmense
	accusative	cólmenme	not used	cólmenlo, cólmenla	cólmennos	not used	cólmenlos, cólmenlas, cólmense

Derived terms

• la gota que colmó el vaso
• que Dios te colme de bendiciones

Related terms

• colmo

Further reading

• “colmar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025