circul

Old English

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin circulus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈt͡ʃir.kul/, [ˈt͡ʃirˠ.kul]

Noun

ċircul m

1. circle
2. zodiac
3. cycle

Declension

Strong a-stem:

	singular	plural
nominative	ċircul	ċirculas
accusative	ċircul	ċirculas
genitive	ċircules	ċircula
dative	ċircule	ċirculum

Derived terms

• ċirculādl f (“shingles”)
• ċirculcræft m (“zodiac”)

References

• Joseph Bosworth; T. Northcote Toller (1898), “circul”, in An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, second edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Old Irish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin circulus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkʲiɾ.kul/
  • (Blasse) [ˈkʲiɾ.kul]
  • (Griffith) [ˈkʲiɾ.køl]

Noun

circul m

1. circle, orbit, zone
   • c. 850 Glosses on the Carlsruhe Beda, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 10–30, Bcr. 18^d2

     Absidias .i. circulos .i. fu bíth do·ṅgníat cercol ocond ocbáil.

     Absidias, i.e. circulos, i.e. because it makes a circle in the rising.

2. hoop (of barrel, vat, etc.)

Inflection

Masculine o-stem

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	circul	circulL	circuilL
vocative	circuil	circulL	circluH
accusative	circulN	circulL	circluH
genitive	circuilL	circul	circulN
dative	circulL	circlaib	circlaib

Initial mutations of a following adjective:

• ^H = triggers aspiration
• ^L = triggers lenition
• ^N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

• Middle Irish: circul
  • Irish: ciorcal
  • Manx: kiarkyl
  • Scottish Gaelic: cearcall

Mutation

Mutation of circul

radical	lenition	nasalization
circul	chircul	circul pronounced with /ɡʲ-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “circul”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Romanian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈt͡ʃirkul]

Verb

circul

1. first-person singular present indicative/subjunctive of circula