ceap

Irish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /capˠ/, (Cois Fharraige) [cæːpˠ]

Etymology 1

From Middle Irish cepp (“tree stump; stock”), from Latin cippus (“stake”). The verb is denominal from the noun.

Noun

ceap m (genitive singular cip, nominative plural ceapa)

1. block (cuboid base for cutting)
2. base (something from which other things extend)
3. pad (block of paper; flat surface where an aircraft may land or be launched)

Declension

Declension of ceap (first declension)

bare forms singular plural nominative ceap ceapa vocative a chip a cheapa genitive cip ceap dative ceap ceapa forms with the definite article singular plural nominative an ceap na ceapa genitive an chip na gceap dative leis an gceap don cheap leis na ceapa

Derived terms

• ceap búistéara (“chopping-block”)
• ceap ceangail (“bollard, bitt; bitts”)
• ceap magaidh (“laughing-stock”)
• ceap milleáin (“scapegoat”)
• ceap oifigí (“office block”)
• ceap rotha (“nave of wheel”)
• ceap tithe (“block of houses”)
• ceap tuisle (“stumbling block”)
• cipín

Verb

ceap (present analytic ceapann, future analytic ceapfaidh, verbal noun ceapadh, past participle ceaptha) (ambitransitive)

1. to invent
2. to appoint, assign (name to a post, select for a position)
3. to think (communicate to oneself in one’s mind, be of the opinion that, guess, reckon)
4. to catch (capture or snare, intercept an object in the air etc.)

Conjugation

Conjugation of ceap (first conjugation – A)

indicative	singular			plural			direct relative	autonomous
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present	ceapaim	ceapann tú; ceapair†	ceapann sé, sí	ceapaimid; ceapann muid	ceapann sibh	ceapann siad; ceapaid†	a cheapann; a cheapas	ceaptar
past	cheap mé; cheapas	cheap tú; cheapais	cheap sé, sí	cheapamar; cheap muid	cheap sibh; cheapabhair	cheap siad; cheapadar	a cheap	ceapadh
past habitual	cheapainn / ceapainn‡	cheaptá / ceaptá‡	cheapadh sé, sí / ceapadh sé, sí‡	cheapaimis; cheapadh muid / ceapaimis‡; ceapadh muid‡	cheapadh sibh / ceapadh sibh‡	cheapaidís; cheapadh siad / ceapaidís‡; ceapadh siad‡	a cheapadh	cheaptaí / ceaptaí‡
	singular			plural			direct relative	autonomous
	first	second	third	first	second	third
future	ceapfaidh mé; ceapfad	ceapfaidh tú; ceapfair†	ceapfaidh sé, sí	ceapfaimid; ceapfaidh muid	ceapfaidh sibh	ceapfaidh siad; ceapfaid†	a cheapfaidh; a cheapfas	ceapfar
conditional	cheapfainn / ceapfainn‡	cheapfá / ceapfá‡	cheapfadh sé, sí / ceapfadh sé, sí‡	cheapfaimis; cheapfadh muid / ceapfaimis‡; ceapfadh muid‡	cheapfadh sibh / ceapfadh sibh‡	cheapfaidís; cheapfadh siad / ceapfaidís‡; ceapfadh siad‡	a cheapfadh	cheapfaí / ceapfaí‡
subjunctive	singular			plural			direct relative	autonomous
	first	second	third	first	second	third
present	go gceapa mé; go gceapad†	go gceapa tú; go gceapair†	go gceapa sé, sí	go gceapaimid; go gceapa muid	go gceapa sibh	go gceapa siad; go gceapaid†	—	go gceaptar
past	dá gceapainn	dá gceaptá	dá gceapadh sé, sí	dá gceapaimis; dá gceapadh muid	dá gceapadh sibh	dá gceapaidís; dá gceapadh siad	—	dá gceaptaí
imperative	singular			plural			direct relative	autonomous
	first	second	third	first	second	third
—	ceapaim	ceap	ceapadh sé, sí	ceapaimis	ceapaigí; ceapaidh†	ceapaidís	—	ceaptar
past participle	ceaptha
verbal noun	ceapadh

^† archaic or dialect form
^‡ dependent form

Derived terms

• ceapaire
• coincheap

Etymology 2

From French cèpe, from Latin cippus (“stake”); doublet of etymology 1.

Noun

ceap m (genitive singular cip, nominative plural ceapa)

1. cep, porcini

Declension

Declension of ceap (first declension)

bare forms singular plural nominative ceap ceapa vocative a chip a cheapa genitive cip ceap dative ceap ceapa forms with the definite article singular plural nominative an ceap na ceapa genitive an chip na gceap dative leis an gceap don cheap leis na ceapa

Derived terms

• ceap dearnála (“darning mushroom”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of ceap

radical	lenition	eclipsis
ceap	cheap	gceap

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “ceap”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla [Irish–English Dictionary], Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904), “ceap; ceapaim”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla [Irish and English Dictionary], 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 127
• “cep”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013–2026
• de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959), “ceap”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *kaup (“trade, purchase”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t͡ʃæ͜ɑːp/

Noun

ċēap m

1. cattle, any commodity
2. sale
3. trade
4. bargain
5. price
6. property

Declension

Strong a-stem:

	singular	plural
nominative	cēap	cēapas
accusative	cēap	cēapas
genitive	cēapes	cēapa
dative	cēape	cēapum

Derived terms

• ċīepe (“for sale”)

Related terms

• ċēapian
• ċēapmann
• ċīepan

Descendants

• Middle English: chep, chepe
  • English: cheap

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From Middle Irish cepp (“tree stump; stock”), from Latin cippus (“stake”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kʲʰɛhp/

Noun

ceap m (genitive singular cip, plural cip or ceapan or ceapannan)

1. block, lump
2. last (shoemaker's)
3. cap (head garment)
4. cape (piece of land)
5. fret (on a string instrument)

Derived terms

• buabhall Ceap (“Cape buffalo”)

Mutation

Mutation of ceap

radical	lenition
ceap	cheap

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “cepp”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language