Wiktionary

catena

See also: Catena and catenă

English

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Etymology

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From Medieval Latin catena, from Latin catēna (“chain”). Doublet of chain.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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catena (plural catenas or catenae)

  1. A series of related items.
    • 1873, Walter Bagehot, Lombard Street:
      And, on the contrary, there is a whole catena of authorities, beginning with Sir Robert Peel and ending with Mr. Lowe, which say that the Banking Department of the Bank of England is only a Bank like any other bank [...]
  2. (soil science) A series of distinct soils arrayed along a slope.
    • 2000, Ewan Anderson, Middle East: Geography and Geopolitics, Routledge, →ISBN, page 55:
      The changes in soil characteristics from the crest to the foot of a slope are together known as a catena.

Derived terms

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Translations

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Anagrams

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Interlingua

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Noun

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catena (plural catenas)

  1. chain

Italian

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Etymology

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    Inherited from Latin catēna.

    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): /kaˈte.na/
    • Rhymes: -ena
    • Hyphenation: ca‧té‧na
    • Audio:(file)

    Noun

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    catena f (plural catene)

    1. chain
    2. bond, fetter; subordination, repression
    3. tie, cord, bond
    4. tether (a rope, cable etc. that holds something in place whilst allowing some movement)

    Synonyms

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    Further reading

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    • “catena”, in Vocabolario Treccani on line (in Italian), Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana, 2026

    Anagrams

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    Latin

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    Etymology

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      From Proto-Italic *katesnā, further etymology unknown. Probably connected with caterva (“crowd”) and cassis (“hunting-net”).[1]

      Pokorny derives catēna, caterva, and cassis from Proto-Indo-European *kat- (“to link or weave together; chain, net”), with casa as another possible cognate.[2]

      Martirosyan connects cassis and catēna with Old Armenian ցանց (cʻancʻ, “casting-net”) and derives all from a Mediterranean substrate.[3]

      Pronunciation

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      Noun

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      catēna f (genitive catēnae); first declension

      1. chain

      Declension

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      First-declension noun.

      singular plural
      nominative catēna catēnae
      genitive catēnae catēnārum
      dative catēnae catēnīs
      accusative catēnam catēnās
      ablative catēnā catēnīs
      vocative catēna catēnae

      Derived terms

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      Descendants

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      References

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      1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “catēna”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 98
      2. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 534
      3. ^ Martirosyan, Hrach (2016), “Mediterranean substrate words in Armenian: two etymologies”, in Bjarne Simmelkjær Sandgaard Hansen, Benedicte Nielsen Whitehead, Thomas Olander, Birgit Anette Olsen, editors, Etymology and the European Lexicon. Proceedings of the 14th Fachtagung of the Indogermanische Gesellschaft, Copenhagen, 17-22 September 2012‎[1], Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, page 294

      Further reading

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      • “catena”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
      • “catena”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
      • "catena", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
      • “catena”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
      • Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
        • to put some one in irons, chains: in vincula, in catenas conicere aliquem
      • “catena”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
      • “catena”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin

      Portuguese

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      Etymology

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      Etymology tree
      Proto-Italic *katesnā
      Latin catēnabor.
      Portuguese catena

        Borrowed from Latin catēna (“chain”). Doublet of cadeia.

        Pronunciation

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        • Hyphenation: ca‧te‧na

        Noun

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        catena f (plural catenas)

        1. (geology) catena (series of distinct soils along a slope)

        Further reading

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