baken

See also: Baken

English

Etymology

From Middle English baken, from Old English bacen, ġebacen, past participle of bacan (“to bake”). Cognate with Scots baken (“baked”), Dutch gebakken (“baked”). More at bake.

Pronunciation

• Homophone: bacon

Verb

baken

1. (UK dialectal, Northern England) alternative past participle of bake; baked.
   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Leviticus 2:7:

     And if thy oblation be a meate offering baken in the frying pan,it ſhalbe made of fine flowꝛe with oyle.

   • 1719, John Allen, “An ACT, Stating the due Aſſize of Bread”, in The Charter Granted by His Majeſty, King Charles the Second, to the Colony of Rhode-Iſland, and Providence-plantations in America‎^[1], page 59:

     And be it further Enacted by the Authority aforeſaid, That in every Town in the Colony, where Bread is Baken for Sale, there ſhall be Choſen one Clerk of the Market, or more, as each Town ſhall find needful, at their Annual Election of Town Officers, who ſhall duly be Engaged, to the faithful performance of ſaid Office, as other Town Officers are ; […]

   • 1819, George Gregory, A New and Complete Dictionary of Arts and Sciences: Including the Latest Improvement and Discovery and the Present States of Every Branch of Human Knowledge‎^[2], volume 2, Collins and Company, page 112:

     As they grew soft and fluid, there oozed out 550 grains of a reddish watery liquid, which smelled like newly baken bread. To this liquid Dr. Pearson has given the name of laccic acid.

Usage notes

Though the use of baken as a strong past participle for bake is now restricted to northern English dialects, it was formerly more widespread. For example, it is the predominant form in the King James Bible.

Anagrams

• Bekan, Benak, banke, e-bank

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch baken, from Old Frisian bāken. Displaced Middle Dutch boken, from Old Dutch *bōkan. Both forms originate from Proto-Germanic *baukną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbaːkə(n)/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: ba‧ken
• Rhymes: -aːkən

Noun

baken n (plural bakens, diminutive bakentje n)

1. beacon

Derived terms

• baak
• bakenen
• lichtbaken

Luxembourgish

Etymology

From Old High German bachan, bahhan; from Proto-West Germanic *bakan; from Proto-Germanic *bakaną. Cognate with German backen, English bake, Dutch bakken.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbaːken/, [ˈbaːkən]

Verb

baken (third-person singular present baakt, past participle gebak, auxiliary verb hunn)

1. to bake

Conjugation

Regular

infinitive	baken
participle	gebak
auxiliary	hunn
	present indicative	imperative
1st singular	baken	—
2nd singular	baaks	bak
3rd singular	baakt	—
1st plural	baken	—
2nd plural	baakt	baakt
3rd plural	baken	—

(n) or (nn) indicates the Eifeler Regel.

Related terms

• Bäcker
• Bakstuff

Middle English

Etymology 1

From Old English bacan, from Proto-West Germanic *bakan, from Proto-Germanic *bakaną, see also Dutch bakken, German backen, Old Norse baka, Danish bage, and also Ancient Greek φώγω (phṓgō, “to roast”).

Alternative forms

• bakyn, bake, bakenn

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbaːkən/

Verb

baken (third-person singular simple present baketh, present participle bakynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative book, past participle baken)

1. To bake; to cook in an oven; usually used of bread, pastry, etc, or meals involving that.
   • c. 1200, Ormin, “Homily 8”, in Ormulum, lines 1566–1567:

     Þær þurrh þu bakesst Godess laf / & harrdnesst itt þurrh hæte...

     Through that you bake God's loaf / and harden it through heat.

   • a. 1382, John Wycliffe, “Leviticus 26:26”, in Wycliffe's Bible:

     aftir that Y have broke the staf of youre breed, so that ten wymmen bake looues in oon ouene, and yelde tho looues at weiȝte; and ye schulen ete, and ye schulen not be fillid.

     After when I've snapped the staff of your bread, ten women will bake bread in one oven, and produce the bread apportioned by weight; you'll eat, but you won't be sated.

   • a. 1394, Geoffrey Chaucer, “The Parson's Tale”, in The Canterbury Tales‎^[3], lines 383–384:

     He koude rooste, and sethe, and broille, and frye, / Maken mortreux, and wel bake a pye...

     He could roast, seethe, broil, fry, / make a pâté, and bake a pie well...

2. To undergo or experienced baking; to be baked or cooked in an oven.
3. To heat up; to process or work (food or other items) by heating or drying out.
4. (rare, figurative) To burn in the fires of Hell.
5. (rare, figurative) To cause one's own pain or torment.

Usage notes

This verb started to become weak in late Middle English, but was predominantly strong.

Conjugation

Conjugation of baken (strong class 6 or weak in -ed)

infinitive	(to) baken, bake
	present tense	past tense
1st-person singular	bake	book, baked
2nd-person singular	bakest	boke1, bakedest
3rd-person singular	baketh	book, baked
subjunctive singular	bake	boke2, baked2
imperative singular		—
plural3	baken, bake	boken, boke, bakeden, bakede
imperative plural	baketh, bake	—
participles	bakynge, bakende	baken, bake, baked, ybaken, ybake

¹ Later replaced by the 1st-/3rd-person singular or bookest.
² Later replaced by the indicative.
³ Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

Related terms

• bake mete
• baken (noun)
• bakere (“baker”)
• bakestere (“baker, baxter”)
• bakhous
• bakynge

Descendants

• English: bake
• Scots: bake
• Yola: baake
• → Irish: bácáil

References

• “bāken, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 14 October 2018.

Etymology 2

From baken, past participle of the verb baken (“to bake”).

Alternative forms

• bakyn, bake

Noun

baken

1. (rare) A meal made with pastry.

Descendants

• English: bake
• Scots: bake, baik

References

• “bāke(n, ppl. as n.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

Norwegian Bokmål

Noun

baken m

1. definite singular of bak

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

• baket

Noun

baken m or n

1. definite masculine singular of bak

Plautdietsch

Etymology

From Middle Low German backen, from Old Saxon bakkan, from Proto-West Germanic *bakan

Verb

baken

1. to bake

Derived terms

• Bakhieet
• Bakowen
• derchbaken
• enbaken
• haulfjebakt
• Jebakniss
• toopbaken

Related terms

• Bakja

Polish

Etymology

Borrowed from Dutch baken, whence English beacon.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈba.kɛn/
• Rhymes: -akɛn
• Syllabification: ba‧ken

Noun

baken m inan

1. (nautical) alternative form of bakan

Declension

Declension of baken

	singular	plural
nominative	baken	bakeny
genitive	bakenu	bakenów
dative	bakenowi	bakenom
accusative	baken	bakeny
instrumental	bakenem	bakenami
locative	bakenie	bakenach
vocative	bakenie	bakeny

Further reading

• “baken”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎^[4] (in Polish)

Swedish

Noun

baken

1. definite singular of bak c (“butt, behind, ass”)
2. definite plural of bak n (“baking”)