alem

See also: 'alem, além, aləm, âlem, and -alem

Albanian

Etymology

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish عالم (alem), from Arabic عَالَم (ʕālam).

Noun

além m

1. world
2. mankind

Declension

Declension of alem

	singular
	indefinite	definite
nominative	alem	alemi
accusative		alemin
dative/ablative	alemi	alemit

Further reading

• FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎^[1], 1980
• “alem”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006

Chungli Ao

Etymology 1

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *pV-rim (“to distribute”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /a˧.lɯm˧/, [a˧.lɯm˧]

Verb

alem

1. to divide, apportion

Inflection

Inflection of alem (Chungli)

		Affirmative	Negative
Past	Simple	alem	malem
	Perfect	lemogo	melemogo
Present	Simple	alemer	malemer
	Progressive	lemdar lemdagi	melemdar melemdagi
Future/infinitive		alemtsü	malemtsü
Imperative		lemang	talem
Present participle		lema	melemi
Conditional		lemra lemrabang	melemra melemrabang

Derived terms

• lemsa
• shilem

Etymology 2

From Proto-Central Naga *lVm, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *lum (“warm”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /a˧.lɯm˧/, [a˧.lɯm˧]

Verb

alem

1. to be warm

Inflection

Inflection of alem (Chungli)

		Affirmative	Negative
Past	Simple	alem	malem
	Perfect	lemogo	melemogo
Present	Simple	alemer	malemer
	Progressive	lemdar lemdagi	melemdar melemdagi
Future/infinitive		alemtsü	malemtsü
Imperative		lemang	talem
Present participle		lema	melemi
Conditional		lemra lemrabang	melemra melemrabang

Further reading

• Bruhn, Daniel Wayne (2014), A Phonological Reconstruction of Proto-Central Naga‎^[2], Berkeley: University of California, pages 99, 221
• Clark, Mary M. (1893), Ao Naga grammar with illustrative phrases and vocabulary, Molung: Assam Secretariat Printing Office, page 176

Crimean Tatar

Etymology 1

From Arabic عَالَم (ʕālam).

Noun

alem

1. world, universe
2. society, people

Derived terms

• alem-aşkâre

Etymology 2

From Arabic عَلَم (ʕalam).

Noun

alem

1. crescent on the mosque
2. coat of arms

Declension

Declension of alem

	singular	plural
nominative	alem	alemler
genitive	alemniñ	alemlerniñ
dative	alemge	alemlerge
accusative	alemni	alemlerni
locative	alemde	alemlerde
ablative	alemden	alemlerden

References

• “alem”, in Luğatçıq (in Russian)

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈaləm/ [ˈa.ləm]
• Rhymes: -aləm
• Syllabification: a‧lem

Verb

alem

1. spoil (Can we verify⁽⁺⁾ this sense?)

Further reading

• “alem”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Ngaju

Etymology

Akin to Malay malam and Tetum kalan.

Noun

alem

1. night

Portuguese

Etymology 1

Verb

alem

1. inflection of alar:
   1. third-person plural present subjunctive
   2. third-person plural imperative

Etymology 2

Adverb

alem (not comparable)

1. pre-reform spelling (used until 1943 in Brazil and 1911 in Portugal) of além

Noun

alem m (plural alens)

1. pre-reform spelling (used until 1943 in Brazil and 1911 in Portugal) of além

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish علم (alem), from Arabic عَلَم (ʕalam).

Noun

alem n (uncountable)

1. Ottoman flag

Declension

singular only	indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	alem	alemul
genitive-dative	alem	alemului
vocative	alemule

Sakizaya

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *qaʀəm.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /a.ˈləm/, [a.ˈləm]

Noun

alem

1. pangolin

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology 1

It may be connected with Greek ἀδάμας (adámas, “diamond”), or come from Old French alemande. Alternatively from Ottoman Turkish, from Arabic عَلَم (ʕalam, “sign, token; symbol; banner”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ǎlem/
• Hyphenation: a‧lem

Noun

àlem m inan (Cyrillic spelling а̀лем)

1. (regional) jewel, gem

Derived terms

• alem-kamen

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Ottoman Turkish عالم (alem), from Arabic عَالَم (ʕālam, “world”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ǎːlem/
• Hyphenation: a‧lem

Noun

álem m inan (Cyrillic spelling а́лем)

1. world

Further reading

• “alem”, in Hrvatski jezični portal [Croatian language portal] (in Serbo-Croatian), 2006–2026

Turkish

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish علم (alem), from Arabic عَلَم (ʕalam).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [aˈlæm]
• Hyphenation: a‧lem

Noun

alem (definite accusative alemi, plural alemler)

1. banner
2. flag
3. The crescent made out of bronze or copper placed at the peak of minarets and flags.

Declension

Declension of alem

singular plural nominative alem alemler definite accusative alemi alemleri dative aleme alemlere locative alemde alemlerde ablative alemden alemlerden genitive alemin alemlerin Possessive forms nominative singular plural 1st singular alemim alemlerim 2nd singular alemin alemlerin 3rd singular alemi alemleri 1st plural alemimiz alemlerimiz 2nd plural aleminiz alemleriniz 3rd plural alemleri alemleri definite accusative singular plural 1st singular alemimi alemlerimi 2nd singular alemini alemlerini 3rd singular alemini alemlerini 1st plural alemimizi alemlerimizi 2nd plural aleminizi alemlerinizi 3rd plural alemlerini alemlerini dative singular plural 1st singular alemime alemlerime 2nd singular alemine alemlerine 3rd singular alemine alemlerine 1st plural alemimize alemlerimize 2nd plural aleminize alemlerinize 3rd plural alemlerine alemlerine locative singular plural 1st singular alemimde alemlerimde 2nd singular aleminde alemlerinde 3rd singular aleminde alemlerinde 1st plural alemimizde alemlerimizde 2nd plural aleminizde alemlerinizde 3rd plural alemlerinde alemlerinde ablative singular plural 1st singular alemimden alemlerimden 2nd singular aleminden alemlerinden 3rd singular aleminden alemlerinden 1st plural alemimizden alemlerimizden 2nd plural aleminizden alemlerinizden 3rd plural alemlerinden alemlerinden genitive singular plural 1st singular alemimin alemlerimin 2nd singular aleminin alemlerinin 3rd singular aleminin alemlerinin 1st plural alemimizin alemlerimizin 2nd plural aleminizin alemlerinizin 3rd plural alemlerinin alemlerinin

References

• “alem”, in Turkish dictionaries, Türk Dil Kurumu