Wiktionary

abandon

See also: abandòn, Abandon, and a bandon

English

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Wikidata has a Lexeme related to:
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *h₂éd
Proto-Italic *ad
Latin ad
Old French a
Proto-Germanic *bannanąder.
Frankish *bannder.
Old French ban
Proto-Indo-European *déh₃nom
Proto-Italic *dōnom
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂
Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂
Proto-Indo-European *-yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti
Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.
Proto-Italic *-ājō
Proto-Italic *-āō
Proto-Italic *dōnāō?
Latin donāre
Old French doner
Old French a ban doner
Old French abandonerder.
Middle English abandounen
English abandon

    From Middle English abandounen, from Old French abandoner, formed from a (“at, to”) + bandon (“jurisdiction, control”),[1] from Late Latin bannum (“proclamation”), bannus,[2] bandum, from Frankish *ban, *bann, from Proto-Germanic *bannaną (“to proclaim, command”) (whence English ban), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to speak”). See also ban, banal.

    Displaced Middle English forleten (“to abandon”), from Old English forlǣtan, anforlǣtan; see forlet; and Middle English forleven (“to leave behind, abandon”), from Old English forlǣfan; see forleave.

    Compare typologically abdicate, Russian отказа́ться (otkazátʹsja) (akin to приказа́ть (prikazátʹ), сказа́ть (skazátʹ), указа́ть (ukazátʹ)).

    Verb

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    abandon (third-person singular simple present abandons, present participle abandoning, simple past and past participle abandoned)

    1. (transitive) To give up or relinquish control of, to surrender or to give oneself over, or to yield to one's emotions. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470)][1]
      • 1856, Thomas Babington Macaulay, The History of England from the Accession of James II. Volume 3, page 312:
        […] he abandoned himself […] to his favourite vice.
    2. (transitive) To desist in doing, practicing, following, holding, or adhering to; to turn away from; to permit to lapse; to renounce; to discontinue. [First attested from around (1350 to 1470)][1]
      • 2013 May 17, George Monbiot, “Money just makes the rich suffer”, in The Guardian Weekly‎[2], volume 188, number 23, page 19:
        In order to grant the rich these pleasures, the social contract is reconfigured. […]   The public realm is privatised, the regulations restraining the ultra–wealthy and the companies they control are abandoned, and Edwardian levels of inequality are almost fetishised.
      • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:abandon.
    3. (transitive) To leave behind; to desert, as in a ship, a position, or a person, typically in response to overwhelming odds or impending dangers; to forsake, in spite of a duty or responsibility. [First attested in the late 15th century.][1]
      Many baby girls have been abandoned on the streets of Beijing.
      He was abandoned on the island with no one to help him.
      She abandoned her husband for a new man.
    4. (transitive, obsolete) To subdue; to take control of. [Attested from around (1350 to 1470) until the mid 16th century.][1]
    5. (transitive, obsolete) To cast out; to banish; to expel; to reject. [Attested from the mid 16th century until the mid 17th century.][1]
    6. (transitive) To no longer exercise a right, title, or interest, especially with no interest of reclaiming it again; to yield; to relinquish. [First attested in the mid 18th century.][1]
      I hereby abandon my position as manager.
    7. (transitive) To surrender to the insurer (an insured item), so as to claim a total loss.
    Conjugation
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    Conjugation of abandon
    infinitive (to) abandon
    present tense past tense
    1st-person singular abandon abandoned
    2nd-person singular abandon, abandonest† abandoned, abandonedst†
    3rd-person singular abandons, abandoneth† abandoned
    plural abandon
    subjunctive abandon abandoned
    imperative abandon —
    participles abandoning abandoned

    † Archaic or obsolete.

    Synonyms
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    Antonyms
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    Derived terms
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    Translations
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    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
    Translations to be checked

    Etymology 2

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    From Middle English abandoun, from Old French abandon, from Old French abondonner.

    Noun

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    abandon (countable and uncountable, plural abandons)

    1. A yielding to natural impulses or inhibitions; freedom from artificial constraint, with loss of appreciation of consequences. [Early 19th century.][1][3] (Now especially in the phrase with abandon.)
      Synonyms: wantonness, unrestraint, libertinism, abandonment, profligacy, unconstraint
      with gay abandon, with wild abandon, with reckless abandon
      • 1846, The New Monthly Magazine and Universal Register, page 453:
        The Italian painters have an abandon in their chiar' oscuro which mellows up their flesh tints in a way that no other school can imitate : the frigidity of their outline is another remarkable feature, and the harmony of their impasto is unique.
      • 1954, Gore Vidal, Messiah:
        I envy those chroniclers who assert with reckless but sincere abandon: 'I was there. I saw it happen. It happened thus.'
      • 2007 November 4, David M. Halbfinger, “The City That Never Sleeps, Comatose”, in The New York Times‎[4]:
        They needed to have an abandon in their performance that you just can’t get out of people in the middle of the night when they’re barefoot.
      • 2026 April 1, Vitali Vitaliev, “Literature on the track”, in RAIL, number 1058, page 68:
        My dreams were largely based on the works of Dickens (his Mugby Junction stories), Thackeray (Jeames on the Gauge Question), and Arthur Conan Doyle, whose Sherlock Holmes stories I kept devouring with gluttonous abandon.
      • For more quotations using this term, see Citations:abandon.
    2. (obsolete) Abandonment; relinquishment.
    Derived terms
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    Translations
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    The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
    Translations to be checked

    References

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    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 Lesley Brown, editor-in-chief, William R. Trumble and Angus Stevenson, editors (2002), “abandon”, in The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles, 5th edition, Oxford; New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 2.
    2. ^ Christine A. Lindberg, editor (2002), “abandon”, in The Oxford College Dictionary, 2nd edition, New York, N.Y.: Spark Publishing, →ISBN, page 1.
    3. ^ Elliott K. Dobbie, C. William Dunmore, Robert K. Barnhart, et al. (editors), Chambers Dictionary of Etymology (Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd, 2004 [1998], →ISBN), page 2.

    French

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    Etymology

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    From Old French (mettre) a bandon (“to deliver”, literally “to place in someone's power”). Gamillscheg suggests a derivation from Old French a ban donner, but the Trésor de la langue française considers this unlikely, as the phrase is not attested.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    abandon m (plural abandons)

    1. surrender; desertion; withdrawal
      abandon scolaire ― the action of dropping out of school
      abandon de poste ― desertion of one's post
    2. abandonment, abandoning
      faire l'abandon de quelque chose ― to give something up
      tour d'abandon ― foundling wheel
    3. state of neglect
      être à l'abandon ― to be in a state of complete neglect
      laisser à l'abandon ― to abandon; to allo to fall into decay;
    4. (literary) abandon, unrestraint (yielding to natural impulses or inhibitions; freedom from artificial constraint)

    Derived terms

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    Descendants

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    • Norwegian Bokmål: abandon

    Further reading

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    Friulian

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    Etymology

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    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

    Noun

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    abandon m (plural abandons)

    1. abandonment

    References

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    Middle English

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    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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    From Old French abandon.

    Adverb

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    abandon (not comparable)

    1. Freely; entirely.
      • 1330, Arthour and Merlin:
        His ribbes and scholder fel adoun / Men might se the liver abandoun.
        His ribs and shoulder fell down / Men might see the liver entirely.

    References

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    Norwegian Bokmål

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    Etymology

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    From French abandon (“surrender, abandonment”), from Old French mettre a bandon (“to deliver, place at someone's disposition”), last part from Frankish *ban, *bann, from Proto-Germanic *bannaną (“to proclaim, command, summon, ban”), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to speak, say”).

    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): /abaŋˈdɔŋ/, /abanˈdɔŋ/
    • Audio:(file)
    • Rhymes: -ɔŋ
    • Hyphenation: a‧ban‧don

    Noun

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    abandon m (definite singular abandonen, indefinite plural abandoner, definite plural abandonene)

    1. (law) the right to, under certain circumstances, waive ownership of an insured ship or cargo to the insurer and claim compensation for total loss
    2. (obsolete) indifference
      • 1917, Ludvig Daae, Paul Botten Hansen, page 64:
        [Botten Hansen] skrev med saa stor abandon, at mere end een troskyldig læser indigneredes paa hans vegne
        [Botten Hansen] wrote with such great abandon that more than one innocent reader was indignant on his behalf
      • 1992, Olaf Bull, Ild og skygger, page 101:
        den evige varme pludringen hos denne damen, med intelligente smaa «abandoner» i tanken, denne uendelige «bjerg- og dalbane» i tanken
        the eternal hot chatter of this lady, with intelligent little "abandons" in the tank, this endless "roller coaster" in the tank

    Derived terms

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    References

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    Polish

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    Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia pl

    Etymology

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      Borrowed from French abandon.[1][2] First attested in 1830.[3]

      Pronunciation

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      Noun

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      abandon m inan

      1. (law, nautical) legal waiving of rights to one's ship that has lost trade value (Is there an English equivalent to this definition?)
        zgłoszenie abandonu ― registration of abandonment of one's ship

      Declension

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      Declension of abandon
      singular
      nominative abandon
      genitive abandonu
      dative abandonowi
      accusative abandon
      instrumental abandonem
      locative abandonie
      vocative abandonie
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      noun

      References

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      1. ^ Mirosław Bańko; Lidia Wiśniakowska (2021), “abandon”, in Wielki słownik wyrazów obcych, →ISBN
      2. ^ Witold Doroszewski, editor (1958–1969), “abandon”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warszawa: PWN
      3. ^ Tygodnik Petersburski‎[1], number cz.2, nr 31, 1830, page 252

      Further reading

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      • “abandon”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎[5] (in Polish)
      • abandon in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego

      Romanian

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      Alternative forms

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      Etymology

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      Borrowed from French abandon.

      Pronunciation

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      • IPA(key): /abanˈdon/
      • Rhymes: -on
      • Hyphenation: a‧ban‧dón

      Noun

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      abandon n (plural abandonuri)

      1. abandonment
      2. renouncement

      Declension

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      singular plural
      indefinite definite indefinite definite
      nominative-accusative abandon abandonul abandonuri abandonurile
      genitive-dative abandon abandonului abandonuri abandonurilor
      vocative abandonule abandonurilor
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