Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/təlu

This Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian numbers ^(edit)

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Cardinal: *təlu

Etymology

From Proto-Austronesian *təlu.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /təlu/

Numeral

*təlu

1. three

Descendants

• Philippine:
  • Aklanon: tatlo
  • Cebuano: tulo
  • Hiligaynon: tatlo
  • Ilocano: tallo
  • Maguindanao: telu
  • Maranao: telo
  • Tagalog: tatlo
  • Tausug: tū
  • Waray-Waray: tulo
• Sama-Bajaw:
  • West Coast Bajau: telu
  • Yakan: tellu
• Sundanese: ᮒᮤᮜᮥ (tilu)
• Chamorro: tulu
• Old Javanese: tĕlu
  • > Javanese: ꦠꦼꦭꦸ (telu) (inherited)
• Proto-Malayic: *təlu
  • Banjarese: talu
  • Kendayan: tau
  • Malay: telu (attested in Old Malay, otherwise obsolete)
• East Barito:
  • Malagasy: telo
• Timor-Babar:
  • Tetum: tolu
• Proto-Oceanic: *tolu
  • Central-Eastern Oceanic: *tolu
    • Central Pacific: *tolu
      • East Fijian:
        • Fijian: tolu
      • Proto-Polynesian: *tolu
        • Proto-Nuclear Polynesian: *tolu
          • Proto-Eastern Polynesian: *toru
            • Marquesic:
              • Hawaiian: kolu
              • South Marquesan: toʻu
            • Tahitic:
              • Māori: toru
              • Tahitian: toru
            • Rapa Nui: toru
          • Samoic-Outlier:
            • Ellician:
              • Tuvaluan: tolu
            • Futunic:
              • Pukapukan: tolu
              • Wallisian: tolu
            • Samoic:
              • Niuatoputapu: tolu
              • Samoan: tolu
              • Tokelauan: tolu
        • Tongic: *tolu
          • Niuean: tolu
          • Tongan: tolu
    • Southern Oceanic: *tolu
      • North-Central Vanuatu:
        • North Vanuatu:
          • Torres-Banks linkage: *tolu
            • Mota: tol, tolu
            • Mwotlap: vētēl
        • Central Vanuatu:
          • Malakula:
            • Aulua: e ntil
            • Big Nambas: itl
            • Labo: tël
            • Tirax: itil
            • Maskelynes: itor
            • Neverver: itl
            • Vao: xetol
      • Southern Melanesian:
        • South Efate: itol
  • Temotu:
    • Vanikoro:
      • Teanu: tete (< ti- + te < *tolu)
  • Western Oceanic: *tolu
    • Meso-Melanesian: *tolu
      • Bali-Vitu:

        Uneapa: tolu

References

• Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*telu”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI
• Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen (2010–), “*təlu”, in The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary