Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/jungō
 |
This Proto-Italic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Italic
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Indo-European *yunégti ~ *yungénti, from the root *yewg-.
Verb
edit*jungō first-singular present indicative[1]
Inflection
edit| Inflection of *jungō (third conjugation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Present | *jungō | ||
| Perfect | — | ||
| Aorist | — | ||
| Past participle | *iu(n)gtos | ||
| Present indicative | Active | Passive | |
| 1st sing. | *jungō | *jungōr | |
| 2nd sing. | *junges | *jungezo | |
| 3rd sing. | *junget | *jungetor | |
| 1st plur. | *jungomos | *jungomor | |
| 2nd plur. | *jungetes | *jungemanoi? | |
| 3rd plur. | *jungont | *jungontor | |
| Present subjunctive | Active | Passive | |
| 1st sing. | — | — | |
| 2nd sing. | *jungēs | *jungēzo? | |
| 3rd sing. | *jungēd | *jungētor | |
| 1st plur. | *jungēmos? | *jungēmor | |
| 2nd plur. | *jungētes | *jungēmanoi? | |
| 3rd plur. | *jungēnt? | *jungēntor | |
| Present optative | Active | Passive | |
| 1st sing. | *jungām | *jungār | |
| 2nd sing. | *jungās | *jungāzo | |
| 3rd sing. | *jungād | *jungātor | |
| 1st plur. | *jungāmos | *jungāmor | |
| 2nd plur. | *jungātes | *jungāmanoi? | |
| 3rd plur. | *jungānd | *jungāntor | |
| Perfect indicative | Active | ||
| 1st sing. | — | ||
| 2nd sing. | — | ||
| 3rd sing. | — | ||
| 1st plur. | — | ||
| 2nd plur. | — | ||
| 3rd plur. | — | ||
| Aorist indicative | Active | ||
| 1st sing. | — | ||
| 2nd sing. | — | ||
| 3rd sing. | — | ||
| 1st plur. | — | ||
| 2nd plur. | — | ||
| 3rd plur. | — | ||
| Present imperative | Active | Passive | |
| 2nd sing. | *junge | *jungezo | |
| 2nd plur. | *jungete | — | |
| Future imperative | Active | ||
| 2nd + 3rd sing. | *jungetōd | ||
| Participles | Present | Past | |
| *jungents | *iu(n)gtos | ||
| Verbal nouns | Supine | ||
| Accusative | Ablative/Dative | ||
| *iu(n)gtum | *iu(n)gtūd? /
*iu(n)gtou? |
||
| s-derivative | |||
| *jungezi | |||
| The optative is only classified as such because it might reflect the PIE optative. However, the etymology of these formations is disputed, and it would evolve into the subjunctive in both Latin and Sabellic. The regular PIE subjunctive is the source of the Latin future. | |||
Reconstruction notes
editThe nasal consonant might have spread from the present to the participle already in Proto-Italic.[2]
Related terms
edit- *jouksməntom
- Latin: iūmentum (“draft animal, wagon, cart”)
Descendants
edit- Latin: iungō
References
edit- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “iungō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 314-5
- ^ Leppänen, Ville (2019), Ablaut and the Latin Verb: Aspects of Morphophonological Change (PhD Dissertation)[1], Munich: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, , page 82