Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/leyp-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

Often supposed to be an extension of *ley-, *(s)ley- (“to slip, slide, glide; slimy”).

Root

*leyp-^[1]^[2]^[3]

to stick
fat or sticky substance

Derived terms

Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *leyp- (35 c, 0 e)

*léyp-os ~ *léyp-es-os^[1]
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ráypas
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ráypas
    - Sanskrit: रेपस् (répas, “dirty spot, stain”)
*leyp-ó-m^[1]
- >? Proto-Germanic: *lībą (see there for further descendants)
*li-né-p-ti ~ *li-m-p-énti (nasal-infix present)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *limpáti
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *limpáti
    - Sanskrit: लिम्पति (limpáti, “to smear, pollute”) (see there for further descendants)
*lip-yé-ti (yé-present)
- >? Proto-Germanic: *libjaną (“to live, be alive”) (see there for further descendants)
*loyp-éye-ti (causative)
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *laip-
  - Eastern Baltic:
    - Lithuanian: lipi̇̀nti, láipioti
  - Proto-Slavic: *lěpiti (“to smear, stick”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Germanic: *laibijaną (“leave behind”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *laypáyati
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *laypáyati
    - Sanskrit: लेपयति (lepáyati, “to smear”)
*loyp-éh₂^[1]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Eastern Baltic:
    - Lithuanian: làipa (“footbridge”)
  - Slavic:
    - Polish: lepa (“slush”)
- Proto-Germanic: *laibō (“that which remains”) (see there for further descendants)
*loyp-o-s^[1]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Proto-Slavic: *lě̑pъ (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *láypas
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *láypas
    - Sanskrit: लेप (lepa)
*lip-o-s^[1]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Eastern Baltic:
    - Lithuanian: lipai̇̃ (“glue, adhesive”)
- Proto-Hellenic: *lípos (see there for further descendants)
*lip-nó-s^[1]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Eastern Baltic:
    - Lithuanian: lipnùs (“sticky, adhesive; sociable, likable, friendly”)
- Proto-Italic: *lipnos
  - >? Latin: lippus (“dripping; festering; watery-eyed, drowsy”)
*lip-ró-s^[1]
- *lip-r-éh₂ f
  - >? Proto-Germanic: *librō (“liver”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *riprás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *riprás
    - Sanskrit: रिप्र (riprá-, “dirt, impurity, stain; dirty, filthy, vile, bad”)
*lip-tó-s^[1]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic:
  - Eastern Baltic:
    - Lithuanian: li̇̀ptas (“footbridge”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *liptás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *liptás
    - Sanskrit: लिप्त (liptá-, “smeared”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *riptás
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *riptás
    - Sanskrit: रिप्त (riptá-, “stuck, adhering, smeared”)
*lip-ú-s^[1]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *lipus
  - Eastern Baltic:
    - Lithuanian: lipùs (“sticky”)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ripúš
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *ripúṣ
    - Sanskrit: रिपु (ripú-, “fraudulent, deceitful, treacherous”)

Unsorted formations

Proto-Balto-Slavic: *líptei (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Germanic: *lībaną (with unexpected voiced Verner alternant) (see there for further descendants)
- ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *bilībaną (see there for further descendants)
Germanic: (possibly) *ainalif (“eleven”, literally “one left”), *twalif (“twelve”, literally “two left”) (see there for further descendants)
Hellenic:
- Ancient Greek: λίπα (lípa, “richly”)
- Ancient Greek: λιπαίνω (lipaínō, “to oil, anoint, lubricate, enrich”), λιπάω (lipáō)
- Ancient Greek: λιπαρός (liparós, “fatty, rich, oily, greasy, lubricated, shiny”)
Indo-Iranian:
- Indo-Aryan:
  - Sanskrit: लेपन (lepana, “smearing; liniment, oil; fat, flesh, meat”)
  - Sanskrit: लेपिन् (lepin, “smearing”)
  - Sanskrit: लिपि (lipi, “smear(ing); painting, drawing, writing”)
  - Sanskrit: लिप्यते (lipyate, “to be stuck, attached, smeared (onto)”)
  - Sanskrit: रिप् (rip, “deceit, injury; deceiver, injurer, enemy”)
Tocharian:
- Tocharian B: lip (“remain”)

References

↑ ^1.00 ^1.01 ^1.02 ^1.03 ^1.04 ^1.05 ^1.06 ^1.07 ^1.08 ^1.09 Wodtko, Dagmar S.; Irslinger, Britta; Schneider, Carolin (2008), “*lei̯p- 'kleben bleiben'”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon]‎^[1] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 453–454
^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*lei̯p-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 408
^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*leip-”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 528