Jerusalem

See also: Jérusalem, Jerúsalem, and Jerusalém

English

Jerusalem from the Mount of Olives

Etymology

From Old English Hierusalem or Old French Jherusalem or Late Latin Ierusalem, Hierusalem, from Latin Hierosolyma, from Ancient Greek Ἰερουσαλήμ (Ierousalḗm), from Biblical Hebrew יְרוּשָׁלַיִם (Yərūšālayim).

Pronunciation

• enPR: jə-ro͞o'sə-ləm, jə-ro͞o'zə-ləm, IPA^(key): /d͡ʒəˈɹuːsələm/, /d͡ʒəˈɹuːzələm/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

Proper noun

Jerusalem (countable and uncountable, plural Jerusalems)

2. A city in the Holy Land between the Mediterranean Sea and Dead Sea, holy in Judaism, Christianity and Islam; the claimed capital city of both Israel and Palestine.

   Synonyms: (chiefly in Islamic or Arabic contexts) al-Quds, (chiefly in reference to the ancient Roman or Crusader era city) Hierosolyma

   Meronyms: East Jerusalem (EJ, East al-Quds); West Jerusalem (WJ)

   • 2008 July 22, Rory McCarthy, “Middle East: Driver shot dead after injuring 16 in second Jerusalem bulldozer attack”, in The Guardian‎^[1], archived from the original on 6 May 2021:

     A Palestinian man rammed a mechanical digger into several cars and a bus in the centre of Jerusalem yesterday in the second such attack this month and injured 16 people before he was shot dead at the wheel.

3. A poem by William Blake, used as an unofficial national anthem in England.
4. A number of places elsewhere, usually named after the city in the Holy Land:
   1. A place in the United States:
      1. A census-designated place in Conway County, Arkansas.
      2. An unincorporated community in Harford County, Maryland.
      3. An unincorporated community in Lima Township, Washtenaw County, Michigan.
      4. A town in Yates County, New York.
      5. A township in Lucas County, Ohio.
      6. A village in Monroe County, Ohio.
      7. An unincorporated community in the town of Narragansett, Washington County, Rhode Island.
      8. Former name of Courtland, Southampton County, Virginia.
   2. A suburban area in Skellingthorpe parish, North Kesteven district, Lincolnshire, England (OS grid ref TF9171).
   3. A settlement in the Manawatū-Whanganui region, New Zealand, also known as Hiruharama, the Māori name.
   4. Synonym of Hiruharama, Gisborne District, New Zealand.

Derived terms

• Fallen Jerusalem Island
• Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) (by folk etymology)
• Jerusalem cherry (Solanum pseudocapsicum)
• Jerusalem cricket
• Jerusalem cross
• Jerusalem Day
• Jerusalem haddock
• Jerusalemite
• Jerusalem mixed grill
• Jerusalem oak
• Jerusalem pine
• Jerusalem pony
• Jerusalem sage (Phlomis fruticosa)
• Jerusalem Sunday
• Jerusalem syndrome
• Jerusalem Talmud
• Jerusalem thorn
• Jewrusalem
• New Jerusalem
• oak of Jerusalem
• Old Jerusalem Island
• Palestinian Jerusalem
• Temple in Jerusalem
• trip to Jerusalem
• Walls of Jerusalem
  • East Jerusalemite
  • West Jerusalemite

Descendants

• → Māori: Hiruharama

Translations

city in the Holy Land

• Afrikaans: Jerusalem
• Aghwan: 𐔴𐕙𐕒𐕡𐕚𐔰𐔾𐔴𐕌 (erusalem)
• Albanian: Jeruzalem m, Jeruzalemi m (definite)
• Amharic: እየሩሳሌም (ʾəyärusalem)
• Arabic: الْقُدْس f (al-quds), بَيْت الْمَقْدِس f (bayt al-maqdis)

  Egyptian Arabic: القدس f (el-quds)

  Hijazi Arabic: القُدس f (al-quds, al-guds)

  South Levantine Arabic: القدس f (il-ʔuds)

• Aragonese: Cherusalén
• Aramaic:

  Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܐܘܪܫܠܡ (ʾorišlim)

  Biblical Aramaic: יְרוּשְׁלֶם (yərûšlem)

  Classical Syriac: ܐܘܪܫܠܡ (ʾōrêšlem), ܒܪܬ ܨܗܝܘܢ f, ܡܕܝܢܬ ܩܘܕܫܐ f

• Armenian: Երուսաղեմ (hy) (Erusaġem)

  Old Armenian: Երուսաղէմ (Erusałēm)

• Asturian: Xerusalén (ast)
• Avar: Байтул Макъдис (Bajtul Maqxʼdis)
• Azerbaijani: Qüds, Yerusəlim
• Bashkir: Иерусалим (İyerusalim), Ҡотдос (Qotdos)
• Basque: Jerusalem
• Belarusian: Іерусалі́м m (Ijerusalím), Ерусалі́м m (Jerusalím) (Taraškievica), Аль-Ку́дс m (Alʹ-Kúds) (rare, Muslim context)
• Bengali: কুদুস (bn) (kudus), যিরূশালেম (bn) (jiruśalem), জেরুসালেম (bn) (jeruśalem), জেরুজালেম (bn) (jerujalem), কুদস (kudoś)
• Breton: Jeruzalem (br)
• Bulgarian: Йерусали́м m (Jerusalím)
• Burmese: ဂျေရုဆလင်မြို့ (gyeru.hca.langmrui.)
• Buryat: Иерусалим (Ijerusalim)
• Catalan: Jerusalem (ca) f
• Chechen: Къудс-Гӏала (Qʼuds-Ğala)
• Cherokee: ᏥᎷᏏᎵᎻ (tsilusilimi), ᏤᎷᏌᎴᎻ (tselusalemi)
• Chichewa: Yerusalemu
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 耶路撒冷 (je⁴ lou⁶ saat³ laang⁵)

  Hakka: 耶路撒冷 (Yâ-lu-sat-lâng)

  Hokkien: 耶路撒冷 (Iâ-lō͘-sat-léng)

  Mandarin: 耶路撒冷 (zh) (Yēlùsālěng)

• Chuvash: Мӗрселин (Mĕrs̬elin)
• Coptic:

  Bohairic Coptic: ⲓⲉⲣⲟⲩⲥⲁⲗⲏⲙ f (ierousalēm)

  Sahidic Coptic: ϩⲓⲉⲣⲟⲩⲥⲁⲗⲏⲙ f (hierousalēm)

• Corsican: Gerusalemme f, Gerusaleme f, Ghjerusalemme f
• Crimean Tatar: Qudus, Urşelim, Yerusalim
• Czech: Jeruzalém (cs) m
• Danish: Jerusalem n
• Dhivehi: އޫރުޝަލީމް (ūrušalīm̊), ޤުދުސް (qudus)
• Dutch: Jeruzalem (nl) n
• Esperanto: Jerusalemo (eo)
• Estonian: Jeruusalemm (et)
• Farefare: Yerusalem
• Faroese: Jerusalem, Jorsalir m pl, Jorsalaborg f
• Fijian: Jerusalemi
• Finnish: Jerusalem (fi)
• French: Jérusalem (fr) f, Al-Quds (fr) f

  Old French: Jherusalem

• Frisian:

  West Frisian: Jeruzalim

• Galician: Xerusalén (gl)
• Georgian: იერუსალიმი (ierusalimi)

  Old Georgian: იჱრუსალიმ (iērusalim), იჱრუსალიმი (iērusalimi)

• German: Jerusalem (de) n
• Gothic: 𐌹𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌿𐌻𐍅𐌼𐌰 (iairusaulwma), 𐌹𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌻𐌴𐌼 (iairusalēm)
• Greek: Ιερουσαλήμ (el) f (Ierousalím)

  Ancient Greek: Ἱεροσόλυμα n pl (Hierosóluma)

• Gujarati: જેરુશલેમ (jeruślem)
• Haitian Creole: Jerizalèm
• Hawaiian: Ielukalema
• Hebrew: יְרוּשָׁלַיִם (he) f (yerushaláyim)
• Hindi: यरुशलम m (yaruślam), येरुशलम m (yeruślam), अल-क़ुद्स m (al-quds), क़ुद्स m (quds)
• Hungarian: Jeruzsálem (hu)
• Icelandic: Jerúsalem
• Ido: Ierusalem (io)
• Indonesian: Yerusalem
• Interlingua: Jerusalem
• Irish: Iarúsailéim f

  Old Irish: Hierúsalem

• Italian: Gerusalemme (it) f
• Jamaican Creole: Jiruusalem
• Japanese: エルサレム (ja) (Erusaremu), イェルサレム (ja) (Yerusaremu)
• Javanese: Yerusalem
• Kalmyk: Оршлң (Orşlñ), Орчлң (Orçlñ)
• Kannada: ಜೆರುಸಲೆಂ (jerusaleṃ)
• Karakalpak: Qudıs
• Kazakh: Иерусалим (İerusalim), Құдыс (Qūdys)
• Khmer: ហ្សេរុយសាឡឹម (zeeruysaaləm)
• Korean: 예루살렘 (ko) (Yerusallem), 꾸드스 (ko) (Kkudeuseu) (North Korea and South Korean Islamic contexts)
• Krymchak: Йерушалайым
• Kumyk: Ярсалим (Yarsalim)
• Kurdish:

  Northern Kurdish: Orşelîm (ku), Quds (ku)

• Kyrgyz: Иерусалим (İyerusalim), Кудус (Kudus)
• Ladino: ירושלים f (yerushalayim)
• Lao: ເຢຣູຊາເລັມ (yē rū sā lem)
• Latin: Hierosolyma n pl, Hierosolyma f, Hierusalem n, Hierosolymae f pl, Jerosolyma n pl, Jerosolyma f, Jerusalem n, Aelia Capitolina f, Ierosolyma
• Latvian: Jeruzāleme f
• Lithuanian: Jeruzalė f
• Luxembourgish: Jerusalem
• Macedonian: Ерусалим m (Erusalim)
• Malay: Baitulmuqaddis (ms), Baitulmaqdis (esp. in geopolitical contexts), Jerusalem (ms), Yerusalem (ms) (in Christian contexts)
• Malayalam: ജെറുസലേം (jeṟusalēṁ), ഓറെശ്ലെം (ōṟeśleṁ)
• Maltese: Ġerusalemm m
• Manchu: ᡳᠶᡝᡵᡠᠰᠠᠯᡳᠮ (iyerusalim)
• Māori: Hiruharama
• Marathi: जेरुसलेम (jeruslem)
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: Иерусалим (Ijerusalim)

• Navajo: Jííwoosalem, Jerúsalem
• Nepali: जेरुसेलम (jeruselam)
• Nogai: Кудыс (Kudıs)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: Jerusalem (no) n

• Occitan: Jerusalèm
• Old Church Slavonic:

  Cyrillic: Їєроусалимъ m (Ijerusalimŭ)

• Old English: Hierusalem
• Old Norse: Jórsalir m pl, Jórsalaborg f
• Ossetian: Иерусалим (Ierusalim)
• Pannonian Rusyn: Єрусалим m (Jerusalim)
• Pashto: قدس (quds), بيت المقدس (ps) (baytu l-muqadas), يروشلم (yarūšalim)
• Persian:

  Iranian Persian: بِیْت‌اُلمُقَدَّس (beyt-ol-moġaddas), اُورْشَلیم (oršalim), قُدْس (ġods)

  Middle Persian: [script needed] (ʾwlyšlym)

• Plautdietsch: Jerusalem
• Polish: Jerozolima (pl) f, Jeruzalem (pl) n, Al-Quds (pl)
• Portuguese: Jerusalém (pt) f
• Punjabi: ਜੇਰੂਸਲਮ (jerūslam)

  Western Punjabi: یروشلم (yroślm)

• Romanian: Ierusalim (ro)
• Russian: Иерусали́м (ru) m (Ijerusalím), Аль-Ку́дс (ru) m (Alʹ-Kúds) (rare, chiefly used by Muslims)
• Salar: Gudus
• Samoan: Ierusalema
• Scottish Gaelic: Ierusalem
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: Јерусалим m

  Latin: Jerusalim m

• Shan: ယေႇရုသလႅမ်ႇ (yèe rǔ sǎ lèm)
• Sicilian: Girusalemmi
• Sinhalese: ජෙරුසලම (jerusalama)
• Slovak: Jeruzalem (sk) m
• Slovene: Jerúzalem (sl) m
• Sogdian: ܐܘܪܫܠܡ (uršlīm, uršlēm)
• Somali: Qudus
• Spanish: Jerusalén (es) f
• Swahili: Yerusalemu
• Swedish: Jerusalem (sv) n
• Tagalog: Herusalen
• Tajik: Уршалим (Uršalim), Қуддус (Quddus), Байтулмуқаддас (Baytulmuqaddas)
• Tamil: எருசலேம் (erucalēm)
• Tatar: Коддес (Qöddes), Иерусалим (İyerusalim)
• Telugu: జెరూసలేం (jerūsalēṁ)
• Thai: เยรูซาเลม (th) (yee-ruu-saa-lem)

  Northern Thai: ᩀᩮᩁᩪᨪᩣᩃᩮᩢ᩠ᨾ

• Tibetan: ཇེ་རུ་ས་ལེམ (je ru sa lem)
• Tigrinya: የሩሳሌም (yärusalem)
• Tumbuka: Yerusalemu
• Turkish: Kudüs (tr), Yeruşalim

  Ottoman Turkish: قدس (Kudüs)

• Turkmen: Iýerusalim, Kudüs
• Ukrainian: Єрусали́м m (Jerusalým), Аль-Ку́дс m (Alʹ-Kúds) (rare, Muslim context)
• Urdu: یَرُوشَلَم (ur) m (yarūśalam), یَروشَلَم (ur) m (yarośalam), بَیتُ الْمُقْدَّس m (baitu l-muqaddas), قُدْس m (quds), اَلْقُدْس m (alquds), قُدْسِ شَرِیف m (quds-i śarīf)
• Urum: Yud-Şerif
• Uyghur: يېرۇسالېم (yërusalëm), قۇددۇس (quddus)
• Uzbek: Quddus, Iyerusalim
• Vietnamese: Giê-ru-sa-lem, Giê-ru-xa-lem, Giê-ru-da-lem, Gia Liêm
• Walloon: Djeruzalem (wa)
• Welsh: (standard) Jeriwsalem f, (literary) Caersalem f
• Xhosa: Yerusalem
• Yakut: Иерусалим (Iyerusalim)
• Yiddish: ירושלים n (yerushaláyim)
• Yoruba: Jerúsálẹ́mù

Afrikaans

Proper noun

Jerusalem

1. Jerusalem (the claimed (and de-facto) capital city of Israel; the claimed capital city of Palestine)

Derived terms

• Jerusalemmer
• Jerusalems

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [ʒə.ɾu.zəˈlɛm]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [d͡ʒe.ɾu.zaˈlem]

Proper noun

Jerusalem f

1. Jerusalem (the claimed (and de-facto) capital city of Israel; the claimed capital city of Palestine)

Danish

Proper noun

Jerusalem

1. Jerusalem (the claimed (and de-facto) capital city of Israel; the claimed capital city of Palestine)

Finnish

Etymology

From Late Latin Ierusalem, Hierusalem, from Latin Hierosolyma, from Ancient Greek Ἰερουσαλήμ (Ierousalḗm), from Biblical Hebrew יְרוּשָׁלַיִם (Yərūšālayim), which see for more.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈjerusɑlem/, [ˈje̞ruˌs̠ɑ̝le̞m]
• Rhymes: -ɑlem
• Syllabification^(key): Je‧ru‧sa‧lem
• Hyphenation^(key): Je‧ru‧sa‧lem

Proper noun

Jerusalem

1. Jerusalem (the claimed (and de-facto) capital city of Israel; the claimed capital city of Palestine)

Declension

Inflection of Jerusalem (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)
nominative		Jerusalem	—
genitive		Jerusalemin	—
partitive		Jerusalemia	—
illative		Jerusalemiin	—
		singular	plural
nominative		Jerusalem	—
accusative	nom.	Jerusalem	—
	gen.	Jerusalemin
genitive		Jerusalemin	—
partitive		Jerusalemia	—
inessive		Jerusalemissa	—
elative		Jerusalemista	—
illative		Jerusalemiin	—
adessive		Jerusalemilla	—
ablative		Jerusalemilta	—
allative		Jerusalemille	—
essive		Jerusalemina	—
translative		Jerusalemiksi	—
abessive		Jerusalemitta	—
instructive		—	—
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of Jerusalem (Kotus type 5/risti, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative Jerusalemini — accusative nom. Jerusalemini — gen. Jerusalemini genitive Jerusalemini — partitive Jerusalemiani — inessive Jerusalemissani — elative Jerusalemistani — illative Jerusalemiini — adessive Jerusalemillani — ablative Jerusalemiltani — allative Jerusalemilleni — essive Jerusaleminani — translative Jerusalemikseni — abessive Jerusalemittani — instructive — — comitative — — second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative Jerusalemisi — accusative nom. Jerusalemisi — gen. Jerusalemisi genitive Jerusalemisi — partitive Jerusalemiasi — inessive Jerusalemissasi — elative Jerusalemistasi — illative Jerusalemiisi — adessive Jerusalemillasi — ablative Jerusalemiltasi — allative Jerusalemillesi — essive Jerusaleminasi — translative Jerusalemiksesi — abessive Jerusalemittasi — instructive — — comitative — — first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative Jerusalemimme — accusative nom. Jerusalemimme — gen. Jerusalemimme genitive Jerusalemimme — partitive Jerusalemiamme — inessive Jerusalemissamme — elative Jerusalemistamme — illative Jerusalemiimme — adessive Jerusalemillamme — ablative Jerusalemiltamme — allative Jerusalemillemme — essive Jerusaleminamme — translative Jerusalemiksemme — abessive Jerusalemittamme — instructive — — comitative — — second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative Jerusaleminne — accusative nom. Jerusaleminne — gen. Jerusaleminne genitive Jerusaleminne — partitive Jerusalemianne — inessive Jerusalemissanne — elative Jerusalemistanne — illative Jerusalemiinne — adessive Jerusalemillanne — ablative Jerusalemiltanne — allative Jerusalemillenne — essive Jerusaleminanne — translative Jerusalemiksenne — abessive Jerusalemittanne — instructive — — comitative — — third-person possessor singular plural nominative Jerusaleminsa — accusative nom. Jerusaleminsa — gen. Jerusaleminsa genitive Jerusaleminsa — partitive Jerusalemiaan Jerusalemiansa — inessive Jerusalemissaan Jerusalemissansa — elative Jerusalemistaan Jerusalemistansa — illative Jerusalemiinsa — adessive Jerusalemillaan Jerusalemillansa — ablative Jerusalemiltaan Jerusalemiltansa — allative Jerusalemilleen Jerusalemillensa — essive Jerusaleminaan Jerusaleminansa — translative Jerusalemikseen Jerusalemiksensa — abessive Jerusalemittaan Jerusalemittansa — instructive — — comitative — —

German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jeˈʁuːzaˌlɛm/, /-ˌleːm/

• Audio (Germany (Berlin)):

  (file)

Proper noun

Jerusalem n (proper noun, genitive Jerusalems or (optionally with an article) Jerusalem)

1. Jerusalem (the claimed (and de-facto) capital city of Israel; the claimed capital city of Palestine)

Derived terms

• Jerusalemkreuz

Portuguese

Proper noun

Jerusalem f

1. pre-reform spelling (used until 1943 in Brazil and 1911 in Portugal) of Jerusalém

Swedish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jɛ²rʉːsaˌlɛm/

Proper noun

Jerusalem n (genitive Jerusalems)

1. Jerusalem (the claimed (and de-facto) capital city of Israel; the claimed capital city of Palestine)

See also

• Jorsala

Upper Sorbian

Alternative forms

• Jeruzalem

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /jɛˈʀuzalɛm/
• Rhymes: -uzalɛm
• Hyphenation: Je‧ru‧sa‧lem
• Syllabification: Je‧ru‧sa‧lem

Proper noun

Jerusalem m inan

1. Jerusalem (the claimed (and de-facto) capital city of Israel; the claimed capital city of Palestine)

Declension

Declension of Jerusalem (masculine hard stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	Jerusalem	Jerusalemaj	Jerusalemy
genitive	Jerusalema	Jerusalemow	Jerusalemow
dative	Jerusalemej	Jerusalemomaj	Jerusalemam
accusative	Jerusalem	Jerusalemaj	Jerusalemy
instrumental	Jerusalemom	Jerusalemomaj	Jerusalemami
locative	Jerusalemu	Jerusalemomaj	Jerusalemach
vocative	Jerusalemo, Jerusalemje	Jerusalemaj	Jerusalemy

Derived terms

adjectives

• Jerusalemski

nouns

• Jerusalemjan m pers
• Jerusalemjanka f

References

• “Jerusalem” in Soblex