Christus

See also: christus

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin Christus, from Koine Greek Χριστός (Khristós), calque of Biblical Hebrew מָשִׁיחַ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkrɪs.tʏs/
• (some orthodox Protestants and Orthodox Christians) IPA^(key): /ˈxrɪs.tʏs/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: Chris‧tus

Proper noun

Christus m

1. (Christianity) Christ, Messiah (Christian title for Jesus of Nazareth)

Derived terms

• christusachtig

Related terms

• christelijk
• christen
• christendom
• christenheid

Descendants

• Afrikaans: Christus
• Negerhollands: Christus
• → Caribbean Javanese: Kristes, Kristus

German

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin Christus. Widely displaced the inherited form Christ (from Middle High German Krist) since the 16th century, as the latter had become a homonym of the word for “Christian” (Middle High German kriste(n)).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkʁɪstʊs/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio (Germany (Berlin)):

  (file)

Proper noun

Christus m (proper noun, strong, genitive Christi or Christus' or (with an article) Christus)

1. (Christianity) Christ (Jesus seen as the messiah)

   Christus, erbarme dich unser. ― Christ, have mercy upon us.

Declension

Declension of Christus [sg-only, masculine, strong]

	singular
	indef.	def.	noun
nominative	ein	der	Christus
genitive	eines	des	Christi, Christus', Christus
dative	einem	dem	Christus
accusative	einen	den	Christus

• In obsolete usage it was often declined as in Latin.

Derived terms

• Christi-Geburt-Kirche
• Christuskind
• n. Chr.
• nach Christi Geburt
• nach Christo (obsolete)
• nach Christus
• v. Chr.
• vor Christi Geburt
• vor Christo (obsolete)
• vor Christus

Related terms

• Christ
• Christogramm
• Christokratie
• Christolatrie
• Christologe
• Christologie
• Christologin
• christologisch
• Christomonismus
• christomorph
• Christozentrik
• christozentrisch

Further reading

• “Christus”, in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache‎^[1] (in German)

Latin

Alternative forms

• Χus, Xpistus, X̄, Chrestus

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *gʰer-

Proto-Indo-European *gʰrey-der.

Ancient Greek χρίω (khríō)

Proto-Indo-European *-tós

Proto-Hellenic *-tós

Ancient Greek -τός (-tós)

Ancient Greek χρῑστός (khrīstós)

▲

Biblical Hebrew מָשִׁיחַ (mašīaḥ)sl.

▲

Aramaic ܡܫܺܝܚܳܐ (m'šīḥāʿ)sl.

Ancient Greek Χρῑστός (Khrīstós)der.

Latin Christus

From Ancient Greek Χρῑστός (Khrīstós), proper noun use of χρῑστός (khrīstós, “the anointed one”), a calque of Biblical Hebrew מָשִׁיחַ (māšīaḥ, “anointed”) and Biblical Aramaic ܡܫܺܝܚܳܐ (m'šīḥāʾ).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈkʰriːs.tʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈkris.tus]

Proper noun

Chrīstus m sg (genitive Chrīstī); second declension

1. (Christianity) Christ (Jesus)
   • Late 4th century, Jerome [et al.], transl., edited by Roger Gryson, Biblia Sacra: Iuxta Vulgatam Versionem (Vulgate), 5th edition, Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, published 2007, →ISBN, 1:1:

     initium evangelii Jesu Christi Filii Dei

     "The beginning of the gospel of Jesus Christ, the Son of God"

Declension

Second-declension noun, singular only.

	singular
nominative	Chrīstus
genitive	Chrīstī
dative	Chrīstō
accusative	Chrīstum
ablative	Chrīstō
vocative	Chrīste

Synonyms

• (Christ): Iēsūs

Derived terms

• antichrīstus
• chrīstiānismus
• chrīstiānitās
• Chrīstiānus
• chrīsticola
• chrīstigena
• vicārius Christī

Descendants

• → Albanian: Krisht
• → Asturian: Cristu, Cristo, cristu
• → Breton: Krist
• → Catalan: Crist
• → Cornish: Krist
• → Czech: Kristus
• → Danish: Kristus
• → Dutch: Christus
• → Galician: Cristo
• → German: Christus
  • → Luxembourgish: Christus
• → Faroese: Kristus
• → Finnish: Kristus
• Italian: Cristo
• → Latvian: Kristus
• → Lithuanian: Kristus
• → Middle Dutch: Kerst
  • Dutch: Kerst
• → Middle French: Christ
  • French: Christ
• → Norman: Christ
• → Old English: Crist, Krist, ᛣᚱᛁᛋᛏ — Ruthwell Cross
  • Middle English: Crist, Cryst, Criste, Cryste, Kryst, Christ, Crest (in compound)
    • English: Christ
    • Scots: Christ
    • Yola: Cresst
• → Old Irish: Críst
  • Irish: Críost
  • Manx: Creest
  • Scottish Gaelic: Crìosd
• → Old Norse: Kristr
• → Polish: Chrystus
• → Portuguese: Cristo (see there for further descendants)
• → Slovene: Kristus
• → Spanish: Cristo
• → Swedish: Kristus
• → Welsh: Crist

References

• “Christus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “Christus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Samuel Birch, Dictionary of the Hieroglyphics, pp. 415-416
• Jean-François Champollion, Grammaire Egyptienne, page 86

Luxembourgish

Alternative forms

• Chrëschtes (archaic or obsolete)

Etymology

From German Christus, from Latin Christus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkʀistus/

Proper noun

Christus m

1. Christ (Jesus)

Derived terms

• Christi Himmelfaart

Related terms

• Chrëscht (see there for more)