琢磨

Chinese

Etymology 1

		to cut (gems)	grindstone; to sharpen; to delay grindstone; to sharpen; to delay; hardship; to grind; to rub
trad. (琢磨)		琢	磨
simp. #(琢磨)		琢	磨

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zhuómó

  (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄛˊ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): doek³ mo⁴
• Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tok-mô͘

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhuómó
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄛˊ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhuómó
    • Wade–Giles: cho²-mo²
    • Yale: jwó-mwó
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jwomo
    • Palladius: чжомо (čžomo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ³⁵ mu̯ɔ³⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: doek³ mo⁴
    • Yale: deuk mòh
    • Cantonese Pinyin: doek⁸ mo⁴
    • Guangdong Romanization: dêg³ mo⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tœːk̚³ mɔː²¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tok-mô͘
    • Tâi-lô: tok-môo
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dokmoo
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /tɔk̚³²⁻⁴ mɔ̃²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /tɔk̚³²⁻⁵ mɔ̃¹³/
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ mɔ̃²⁴/

Verb

琢磨

1. to carve and polish (jade)
2. to polish and refine a literary work

Etymology 2

		to cut (gems)	grindstone; to sharpen; to delay grindstone; to sharpen; to delay; hardship; to grind; to rub
trad. (琢磨)		琢	磨
simp. #(琢磨)		琢	磨
alternative forms		作摩

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): zuómo, zhuómó

  (Zhuyin): ㄗㄨㄛˊ ˙ㄇㄛ, ㄓㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄛˊ

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zuómo
    • Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄛˊ ˙ㄇㄛ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: zuómo̊
    • Wade–Giles: tso²-mo⁵
    • Yale: dzwó-mwo
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzwo.mo
    • Palladius: цзомо (czomo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡su̯ɔ³⁵ mu̯ɔ³/
      
  • (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: zhuómó → zhuómo (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄛˊ → ㄓㄨㄛˊ ˙ㄇㄛ (toneless final syllable variant)
    • Tongyong Pinyin: jhuómo̊
    • Wade–Giles: cho²-mo⁵
    • Yale: jwó-mwo
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jwo.mo
    • Palladius: чжомо (čžomo)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ³⁵ mu̯ɔ³⁵/ → /ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ³⁵ mu̯ɔ³/

Verb

琢磨

1. to think over; to turn over in one's mind; to ponder
2. (Beijing Mandarin) to scheme against; to conspire against

Synonyms

edit

• 冥思 (míngsī)
• 冥想 (míngxiǎng)
• 品味 (pǐnwèi)
• 尋味 / 寻味 (xúnwèi)
• 尋思 / 寻思
• 忖度 (cǔnduó)
• 念 (niàn)
• 思 (literary, or in compounds)
• 思忖 (sīcǔn)
• 思想 (sīxiǎng)
• 思慮 / 思虑 (sīlǜ)
• 思索 (sīsuǒ)
• 思維 / 思维 (sīwéi)
• 思考 (sīkǎo)
• 思裁 (si¹ cai²) (Sichuanese)
• 思量 (sīliáng)
• 慎思 (shènsī)
• 掂掇 (colloquial)
• 推敲 (tuīqiāo)
• 掂量 (diānliáng)
• 揣摩 (chuǎimó)
• 斟酌 (zhēnzhuó) (figuratively)
• 權衡 / 权衡 (quánhéng)
• 沉思 (chénsī)
• 深思 (shēnsī)
• 照顧 / 照顾 (zhàogù)
• 玩味 (wánwèi)
• 玩弄 (Classical Chinese)
• 算度 (syun³ dok⁶) (Cantonese)
• 算計 / 算计 (suànjì)
• 考慮 / 考虑 (kǎolǜ)
• 考量 (kǎoliáng)
• 苦思 (kǔsī)
• 著想 / 着想 (zhuóxiǎng)
• 衡量 (héngliáng)
• 計算 / 计算 (jìsuàn)
• 計較 / 计较
• 設想 / 设想 (shèxiǎng)
• 顧全 / 顾全 (gùquán)
• 顧及 / 顾及 (gùjí)

See also

• 捉摸 (zhuōmō)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
琢	磨
たく Jinmeiyō	ま Grade: S
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
琢磨 (kyūjitai)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ta̠kɯ̟ma̠]

Noun

琢(たく)磨(ま) • (takuma) 

1. polishing of jewels
2. cultivating one's abilities

Verb

琢(たく)磨(ま)する • (takuma suru) transitive suru (stem 琢(たく)磨(ま)し (takuma shi), past 琢(たく)磨(ま)した (takuma shita))

1. polish jewels
2. cultivate one's abilities; polish one's skills

Conjugation

Conjugation of "琢磨する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	琢磨し	たくまし	takuma shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	琢磨し	たくまし	takuma shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	琢磨する	たくまする	takuma suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	琢磨する	たくまする	takuma suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	琢磨すれ	たくますれ	takuma sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	琢磨せよ¹ 琢磨しろ²	たくませよ¹ たくましろ²	takuma seyo¹ takuma shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	琢磨される	たくまされる	takuma sareru
Causative	琢磨させる 琢磨さす	たくまさせる たくまさす	takuma saseru takuma sasu
Potential	琢磨できる	たくまできる	takuma dekiru
Volitional	琢磨しよう	たくましよう	takuma shiyō
Negative	琢磨しない	たくましない	takuma shinai
Negative continuative	琢磨せず	たくませず	takuma sezu
Formal	琢磨します	たくまします	takuma shimasu
Perfective	琢磨した	たくました	takuma shita
Conjunctive	琢磨して	たくまして	takuma shite
Hypothetical conditional	琢磨すれば	たくますれば	takuma sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

See also

• 切磋琢磨