妨害
Chinese
edit| hinder; harm | to do harm to; to cause trouble to; harm to do harm to; to cause trouble to; harm; evil; calamity | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (妨害) | 妨 | 害 | |
| simp. #(妨害) | 妨 | 害 | |
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): fong4 hoi6
- Hakka
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: fánghài
- Zhuyin: ㄈㄤˊ ㄏㄞˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: fánghài
- Wade–Giles: fang2-hai4
- Yale: fáng-hài
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: farnghay
- Palladius: фанхай (fanxaj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /fɑŋ³⁵ xaɪ̯⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: fong4 hoi6
- Yale: fòhng hoih
- Cantonese Pinyin: fong4 hoi6
- Guangdong Romanization: fong4 hoi6
- Sinological IPA (key): /fɔːŋ²¹ hɔːi̯²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fòng-hoi
- Hakka Romanization System: fongˇ hoi
- Hagfa Pinyim: fong2 hoi4
- Sinological IPA: /foŋ¹¹ hoi̯⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: fong hoi˖
- Sinological IPA: /foŋ⁵⁵ hoi³³/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hóng-hāi
- Tâi-lô: hóng-hāi
- Phofsit Daibuun: hofnghai
- Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hai²²/
- Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hai⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hông-hāi
- Tâi-lô: hông-hāi
- Phofsit Daibuun: honghai
- Sinological IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hai³³/
- Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ²³⁻³³ hai³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hong-hāi
- Tâi-lô: hong-hāi
- Phofsit Daibuun: honghai
- Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /hɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hai²²/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: huang5 hai7
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huâng hāi
- Sinological IPA (key): /huaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hai¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
Verb
edit妨害
Synonyms
editDerived terms
editDescendants
editJapanese
edit| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 妨 | 害 |
| ぼう Grade: S |
がい Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi | |
| Alternative spellings |
|---|
| 妨碍 妨礙 |
Etymology
editPronunciation
edit- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 妨害する
| Plain | 妨害する | ぼーがい・する | [bòógáí sùrú] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conjunctive | 妨害して | ぼーがい・して | [bòógáí shìté] |
| Perfective | 妨害した | ぼーがい・した | [bòógáí shìtá] |
| Negative | 妨害しない | ぼーがい・しない | [bòógáí shìnáí] |
| Negative perfective | 妨害しなかった | ぼーがい・しなかった | [bòógáí shìnáꜜkàttà] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 妨害すれば | ぼーがい・すれば | [bòógáí sùréꜜbà] |
| Past conditional | 妨害したら | ぼーがい・したら | [bòógáí shìtáꜜrà] |
| Imperative | 妨害しろ 妨害せよ |
ぼーがい・しろ ぼーがい・せよ |
[bòógáí shìró] [bòógáí séꜜyò] |
| Volitional | 妨害しよう | ぼーがい・しよー | [bòógáí shìyóꜜò] |
| Desiderative | 妨害したい | ぼーがい・したい | [bòógáí shìtáí] |
| Formal | 妨害します | ぼーがい・します | [bòógáí shìmáꜜsù] |
| Formal negative | 妨害しません | ぼーがい・しません | [bòógáí shìmáséꜜǹ] |
| Formal volitional | 妨害しましょう | ぼーがい・しましょー | [bòógáí shìmáshóꜜò] |
| Formal perfective | 妨害しました | ぼーがい・しました | [bòógáí shìmáꜜshìtà] |
| Continuative | 妨害し 妨害しに |
ぼーがい・し ぼーがい・しに |
[bòógáí shì] [bòógáí shì ní] |
| Negative continuative | 妨害せず 妨害せずに |
ぼーがい・せず ぼーがい・せずに |
[bòógáí séꜜzù] [bòógáí séꜜzù nì] |
| Passive | 妨害される | ぼーがい・される | [bòógáí sàrérú] |
| Causative | 妨害させる 妨害さす |
ぼーがい・させる ぼーがい・さす |
[bòógáí sàsérú] [bòógáí sàsú] |
| Potential | 妨害できる | ぼーがい・できる | [bòógáí dèkíꜜrù] |
Noun
edit- obstructing someone or something; obstruction, interference, sabotage
- 妨害をやめろ。
- Bōgai o yamero.
- Do not disturb!
- 妨害をやめろ。
Synonyms
edit- 邪魔 (jama)
Verb
edit妨害する • (bōgai suru) transitive suru (stem 妨害し (bōgai shi), past 妨害した (bōgai shita))
- obstruct, disturb, stand in the way
- 2023 April 21, 福山宏, quotee, “第211回国会 衆議院 法務委員会 第12号 令和5年4月21日”, in 国会会議録検索システム[1], 国立国会図書館:
- 中には、医師や看護師に暴言を吐き、診療行為を妨害し、診療時間を長引かせる被収容者もいます。
- Naka ni wa, ishi ya kangoshi ni bōgen o haki, shinryō kōi o bōgai shi, shinryō jikan o nagabikaseru hi-shūyō-sha mo i-masu.
- Some detainees verbally abuse doctors and nurses, disrupt medical procedures and prolong treatment times.
Conjugation
edit| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 妨害し | ぼうがいし | bōgai shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 妨害し | ぼうがいし | bōgai shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 妨害する | ぼうがいする | bōgai suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 妨害する | ぼうがいする | bōgai suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 妨害すれ | ぼうがいすれ | bōgai sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 妨害せよ¹ 妨害しろ² |
ぼうがいせよ¹ ぼうがいしろ² |
bōgai seyo¹ bōgai shiro² |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 妨害される | ぼうがいされる | bōgai sareru |
| Causative | 妨害させる 妨害さす |
ぼうがいさせる ぼうがいさす |
bōgai saseru bōgai sasu |
| Potential | 妨害できる | ぼうがいできる | bōgai dekiru |
| Volitional | 妨害しよう | ぼうがいしよう | bōgai shiyō |
| Negative | 妨害しない | ぼうがいしない | bōgai shinai |
| Negative continuative | 妨害せず | ぼうがいせず | bōgai sezu |
| Formal | 妨害します | ぼうがいします | bōgai shimasu |
| Perfective | 妨害した | ぼうがいした | bōgai shita |
| Conjunctive | 妨害して | ぼうがいして | bōgai shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 妨害すれば | ぼうがいすれば | bōgai sureba |
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
Synonyms
edit- 妨げる (samatageru)
References
edit- “妨害”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
- Ineko Kondō, Fumi Takano, Mary E. Althaus, et al. (2002), Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, third edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN
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