地獄

See also: 地狱

Chinese

		earth; ground; field earth; ground; field; place; land; (subor. part. adverbial); ‑ly	prison
trad. (地獄)		地	獄
simp. (地狱)		地	狱

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): dìyù

  (Zhuyin): ㄉㄧˋ ㄩˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): dei⁶ juk⁶
• Gan (Wiktionary): 'ti⁵ nyiuh⁶
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): thi-ngiu̍k

  (Hailu, HRS): ti^˖ ngiug^ˋ

• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): tē-ge̍k / tōe-ge̍k / tē-ga̍k / tōe-ga̍k / tē-gio̍k

  (Teochew, Peng'im): di⁷ ghêg⁸

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶di-gnioq₈
• Xiang (Hengyang, Wiktionary): di⁵ niu²

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• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)
    • Hanyu Pinyin: dìyù
    • Zhuyin: ㄉㄧˋ ㄩˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: dìyù
    • Wade–Giles: ti⁴-yü⁴
    • Yale: dì-yù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dihyuh
    • Palladius: диюй (dijuj)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/
    • Homophones:

      edit edit 地域 地獄 / 地狱

• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
    • Jyutping: dei⁶ juk⁶
    • Yale: deih yuhk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: dei⁶ juk⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: déi⁶ yug⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /tei̯²² jʊk̚²/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: 'ti⁵ nyiuh⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˈtʰi¹¹ n̠ʲiuʔ⁵/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thi-ngiu̍k
    • Hakka Romanization System: ti ngiug
    • Hagfa Pinyim: ti⁴ ngiug⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰi⁵⁵ ŋi̯uk̚⁵/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: ti^˖ ngiug^ˋ
    • Sinological IPA: /tʰi³³ ŋiuk²/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tē-ge̍k
    • Tâi-lô: tē-gi̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dexgek
    • Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /te²²⁻²¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /te³³⁻²¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/
  • (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tōe-ge̍k
    • Tâi-lô: tuē-gi̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: doexgek
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /tue³³⁻¹¹ ɡiɪk̚⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Kaohsiung)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tē-ga̍k
    • Tâi-lô: tē-ga̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dexgak
    • Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /te⁴¹⁻²² ɡak̚²⁴/
    • Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /te³³⁻²¹ ɡak̚⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Taipei)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tōe-ga̍k
    • Tâi-lô: tuē-ga̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: doexgak
    • Sinological IPA (Taipei): /tue³³⁻¹¹ ɡak̚⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tē-gio̍k
    • Tâi-lô: tē-gio̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: dexgiok
    • Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /te²²⁻²¹ ɡiɔk̚¹²¹/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: di⁷ ghêg⁸
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tī ge̍k
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti¹¹ ɡek̚⁴/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁶di-gnioq₈
    • MiniDict: di^去 nyoh^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³di-nyioq₅
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /di²² n̠ʲioʔ⁴⁴/
• Xiang
  • (Hengyang)
    • Wiktionary: di⁵ niu²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ti²¹³ n̠ʲi̯u¹¹/

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• Middle Chinese: dijH ngjowk

Rime
Character	地	獄
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	定 (7)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	脂 (15)	燭 (8)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	徒四切	魚欲切
Baxter	dijH	ngjowk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/diɪH/	/ŋɨok̚/
Pan Wuyun	/diH/	/ŋiok̚/
Shao Rongfen	/djɪH/	/ŋiok̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/diH/	/ŋuawk̚/
Li Rong	/diH/	/ŋiok̚/
Wang Li	/diH/	/ŋĭwok̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/dʱiH/	/ŋi̯wok̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	dì	yù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	dei6	juk6

Noun

地獄

1. (religion) hell; underworld; inferno

   Synonyms: 奈落 (nàiluò) (Buddhism), 那落迦 (nàluòjiā) (Buddhism), 火獄 / 火狱 (Huǒyù) (Islam)

   • 地獄者，梵云那落迦，此云苦器，受苦眾生所居器物。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     地狱者，梵云那落迦，此云苦器，受苦众生所居器物。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: 阿彌陀經通贊疏

     Dìyù zhě, fàn yún nàluòjiā, cǐ yún kǔ qì, shòukǔ zhòngshēng suǒ jū qìwù. [Pinyin]

     Hells are termed in Sanskrit "naraka", meaning "receptacle of suffering". They are a receptacle in which living beings who suffer reside.

2. (figurative) hell on earth

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “hell”): 天堂 (tiāntáng)
• (antonym(s) of “hell on earth”): 天堂 (tiāntáng)

Coordinate terms

• 黃泉／黄泉 (huángquán)
• 陰間／阴间 (yīnjiān)
• 地府 (dìfǔ)

Derived terms

• 下地獄 / 下地狱
• 人間地獄 / 人间地狱 (rénjiān dìyù)
• 十八層地獄 / 十八层地狱 (shíbā céng dìyù)
• 叫喚地獄 / 叫唤地狱 (jiàohuàn dìyù)
• 我不入地獄，誰入地獄 / 我不入地狱，谁入地狱 (wǒ bù rù dìyù, shéi rù dìyù)
• 拔舌地獄 / 拔舌地狱
• 活地獄 / 活地狱 (huódìyù)
• 酒食地獄 / 酒食地狱
• 阿呼地獄 / 阿呼地狱
• 阿鼻地獄 / 阿鼻地狱 (ābí dìyù)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (地獄):

• → Japanese: 地(じ)獄(ごく) (jigoku)
• → Korean: 지옥(地獄) (jiok)
• → Vietnamese: địa ngục (地獄)

Adjective

地獄

1. (Internet slang, neologism, of jokes, memes or gags) having a punchline that is built upon other's misfortune or disabilities, such that one would go to hell after comprehending the joke (see hellish gag); cursed

   地獄哏／地狱哏  ―  dìyùgén  ―  dark humor

Derived terms

• 地獄哏 / 地狱哏 (dìyùgén)

Further reading

• Ding, Fubao (丁福保) (1922), “地獄” in 佛學大辭典 [A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms].

Japanese

Kanji in this term
地	獄
じ Grade: 2	ごく Grade: S
on'yomi

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 地獄 (diɪᴴ ŋɨok̚), literally “(under)ground prison”). Compare modern Min Nan reading tē-gio̍k, or Hakka thi-ngiu̍k.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) じごく [jìgókúꜜ] (Odaka – [3])
• (Tokyo) じごく [jìgókú] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [d͡ʑiɡo̞kɯ̟]

Noun

地(じ)獄(ごく) • (jigoku) ^{←ぢごく (digoku)?}

1. hell

   地(じ)獄(ごく)に堕(お)ちる

   jigoku ni ochiru

   to fall into hell; to go to hell

   • 1999 March 1, “ヘルゲート・ディーグ [Hellgate Deeg]”, in BOOSTER 1, Konami:

     おなかに地(じ)獄(ごく)へ通(つう)じる扉(とびら)があり、召(しょう)還(かん)もできる不(ぶ)気(き)味(み)なモンスター。

     Onaka ni jigoku e tsūjiru tobira ga ari, shōkan mo dekiru bukimi na monsutā.

     A weird monster that can summon allies through the gateway to hell on its belly.

2. (figurative) hell (place or situation of great suffering)

Synonyms

• 奈(な)落(らく) (naraku): (Buddhism): hell

Antonyms

• 天(てん)国(ごく) (tengoku): heaven
• 天(てん)上(じょう) (tenjō): heaven
• 浄(じょう)土(ど) (jōdo): the pure land

Derived terms

• 地(じ)獄(ごく)道(どう) (jigokudō): (Buddhism): Hell; one of the six planes of existence in the cycle of samsara.
• 地(じ)獄(ごく)も住(すみ)処(か) (jigoku mo sumika, “even hell can be home”)

References

• “地獄”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
地	獄

Noun

地獄 • (jiok) (hangeul 지옥)

1. hanja form^? of 지옥 (“hell”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
地	獄

Noun

地獄

1. chữ Hán form of địa ngục (“hell”)