命令

Chinese

		life; fate	make or cause to be; order; command make or cause to be; order; command; decree; honourable
trad. (命令)		命	令
simp. ^#(命令)		命	令

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): mìnglìng

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄥˋ ㄌㄧㄥˋ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): min⁴ nin⁴

(Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): mīnlīn
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ming⁶ ling⁶

(Dongguan, Jyutping++): meang³ neang³
Gan (Wiktionary): 'min⁵ lin⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): min-lin

(Hailu, HRS): min^˖ lin^˖

(Meixian, Guangdong): min⁴ lin⁴
Jin (Wiktionary): ming³ ling³
Northern Min (KCR): mēng-lēng
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): ming⁵ ling⁵
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): bēng-lēng / bǐn-lǐn

(Teochew, Peng'im): mêng⁶ lêng⁶
Southern Pinghua (Nanning, Jyutping++): miang⁶ liang⁶
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶min-lin₆ / ²min₆-lin₆
- (Jinhua): ⁶min-lin₆

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: mìnglìng
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄥˋ ㄌㄧㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: mìnglìng
  - Wade–Giles: ming⁴-ling⁴
  - Yale: mìng-lìng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: minqlinq
  - Palladius: минлин (minlin)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /miŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ liŋ⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: min⁴ nin⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: minlin
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /min²¹³ nin²¹³/
- (Nanjing)
  - Nanjing Pinyin: mīnlīn
  - Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): min⁴ lin⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mĩ⁴⁴ lĩ⁴⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ming⁶ ling⁶
  - Yale: mihng lihng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ming⁶ ling⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: ming⁶ ling⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mɪŋ²² lɪŋ²²/
- (Dongguan, Guancheng)
  - Jyutping++: meang³ neang³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /məŋ³² nəŋ³²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: 'min⁵ lin⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˈmin¹¹ lin¹¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: min-lin
  - Hakka Romanization System: min lin
  - Hagfa Pinyim: min⁴ lin⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /min⁵⁵ lin⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: min^˖ lin^˖
  - Sinological IPA: /min³³ lin³³/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: min⁴ lin⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /min⁵³⁻⁵⁵ lin⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: ming³ ling³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /miŋ⁴⁵ liŋ⁴⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: mēng-lēng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /meiŋ⁵⁵ leiŋ⁵⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ming⁵ ling⁵ [Phonetic: ming⁴ ling⁵]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: mīng-līng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /miŋ¹¹⁻⁴² liŋ¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: ming⁵ ling⁵ [Phonetic: ming⁴ ling⁵]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /miŋ²¹⁻⁴² liŋ²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bēng-lēng
  - Tâi-lô: bīng-līng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: bexngleng
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /biɪŋ²²⁻²¹ liɪŋ²²/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɪŋ³³⁻²¹ liɪŋ³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /biɪŋ³³⁻¹¹ liɪŋ³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /biɪŋ⁴¹⁻²² liɪŋ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Longyan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bǐn-lǐn
  - Tâi-lô: bǐn-lǐn
  - Sinological IPA (Longyan): /bin⁵³⁻¹¹ lin⁵³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: mêng⁶ lêng⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mĕng lĕng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /meŋ³⁵⁻¹¹ leŋ³⁵/
Southern Pinghua
- (Nanning Pinghua, Tingzi)
  - Jyutping++: miang⁶ liang⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /miɐŋ²² liɐŋ²²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai, Chongming, Jiaxing, Hangzhou)
  - Wugniu: ⁶min-lin₆
  - MiniDict: min^去 lin^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³min-lin₃
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /min²² lin⁴⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Chongming): /ɦmin³¹ ʔlin³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /min¹³ lin²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /min¹¹ lin⁵³/
- (Northern: Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ²min₆-lin₆
  - MiniDict: min^去 lin^去
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /min²² lin³³/
- (Jinhua)
  - Wugniu: ⁶min-lin₆
  - Sinological IPA (Jinhua): /miŋ⁵⁵ liŋ¹⁴/

Noun

命令

order; command; directive
執行命令／执行命令 ― zhíxíng mìnglìng ― to execute an order

誰傳達的這道命令？ [MSC, trad.]
谁传达的这道命令？ [MSC, simp.]
Shéi chuándá de zhè dào mìnglìng? [Pinyin]
Who passed on this order?

Synonyms

edit

上級給下級的指示 / 上级给下级的指示 (shàngjí gěi xiàjí de zhǐshì)
令
指令 (zhǐlìng)
號令 / 号令 (hàolìng)
誡命 / 诫命 (jièmìng) (literary)

Verb

命令

to order; to command

Synonyms

edit

下令 (xiàlìng)
令
吩咐 (fēnfù)
指令 (zhǐlìng)
申令 (shēnlìng) (formal)
著令 (zhuólìng)
號令 / 号令 (hàolìng)
責令 / 责令 (zélìng)
責成 / 责成 (zéchéng)
飭令 / 饬令 (chìlìng) (dated, usually in official documents)

Derived terms

命令主義 / 命令主义 (mìnglìngzhǔyì)
命令句 (mìnglìngjù)
命令式
支付命令
法庭命令 (fǎtíng mìnglìng)
緊急命令 / 紧急命令
行政命令 (xíngzhèng mìnglìng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (命令):

→ Japanese: 命令(めいれい) (meirei)
→ Korean: 명령(命令) (myeongnyeong)
→ Vietnamese: mệnh lệnh (命令)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
命	令
めい Grade: 3	れい Grade: 4
kan'on

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) めーれー [mèéréé] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [me̞ːɾe̞ː]

Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 命令する

Plain	命令する	めーれー・する	`[mèéréé sùrú]`
Conjunctive	命令して	めーれー・して	`[mèéréé shìté]`
Perfective	命令した	めーれー・した	`[mèéréé shìtá]`
Negative	命令しない	めーれー・しない	`[mèéréé shìnáí]`
Negative perfective	命令しなかった	めーれー・しなかった	`[mèéréé shìnáꜜkàttà]`
Hypothetical conditional	命令すれば	めーれー・すれば	`[mèéréé sùréꜜbà]`
Past conditional	命令したら	めーれー・したら	`[mèéréé shìtáꜜrà]`
Imperative	命令しろ命令せよ	めーれー・しろめーれー・せよ	`[mèéréé shìró]` `[mèéréé séꜜyò]`
Volitional	命令しよう	めーれー・しよー	`[mèéréé shìyóꜜò]`
Desiderative	命令したい	めーれー・したい	`[mèéréé shìtáí]`
Formal	命令します	めーれー・します	`[mèéréé shìmáꜜsù]`
Formal negative	命令しません	めーれー・しません	`[mèéréé shìmáséꜜǹ]`
Formal volitional	命令しましょう	めーれー・しましょー	`[mèéréé shìmáshóꜜò]`
Formal perfective	命令しました	めーれー・しました	`[mèéréé shìmáꜜshìtà]`
Continuative	命令し命令しに	めーれー・しめーれー・しに	`[mèéréé shì]` `[mèéréé shì ní]`
Negative continuative	命令せず命令せずに	めーれー・せずめーれー・せずに	`[mèéréé séꜜzù]` `[mèéréé séꜜzù nì]`
Passive	命令される	めーれー・される	`[mèéréé sàrérú]`
Causative	命令させる命令さす	めーれー・させるめーれー・さす	`[mèéréé sàsérú]` `[mèéréé sàsú]`
Potential	命令できる	めーれー・できる	`[mèéréé dèkíꜜrù]`

Noun

命(めい)令(れい) • (meirei)

order, direction, instruction, commandment
命令(めいれい)を受(う)ける
meirei o ukeru
to receive a command

命令(めいれい)だ。
Meirei da.
It's an order.

ご主人様(しゅじんさま)、ご命令(めいれい)を。
Go-shujin-sama, go-meirei o.
I await your orders, master.
decree from a court

Verb

命(めい)令(れい)する • (meirei suru) transitive suru (stem 命(めい)令(れい)し (meirei shi), past 命(めい)令(れい)した (meirei shita))

to order, to command
Synonym: 命ずる
to issue a decree

Conjugation

Conjugation of "命令する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	命令し	めいれいし	meirei shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	命令し	めいれいし	meirei shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	命令する	めいれいする	meirei suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	命令する	めいれいする	meirei suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	命令すれ	めいれいすれ	meirei sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	命令せよ¹ 命令しろ²	めいれいせよ¹ めいれいしろ²	meirei seyo¹ meirei shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	命令される	めいれいされる	meirei sareru
Causative	命令させる命令さす	めいれいさせるめいれいさす	meirei saseru meirei sasu
Potential	命令できる	めいれいできる	meirei dekiru
Volitional	命令しよう	めいれいしよう	meirei shiyō
Negative	命令しない	めいれいしない	meirei shinai
Negative continuative	命令せず	めいれいせず	meirei sezu
Formal	命令します	めいれいします	meirei shimasu
Perfective	命令した	めいれいした	meirei shita
Conjunctive	命令して	めいれいして	meirei shite
Hypothetical conditional	命令すれば	めいれいすれば	meirei sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

Derived terms

命(めい)令(れい)法(ほう) (meireihō, “imperative mood”)

Related terms

指(し)令(れい) (shirei, “order, command”)
指(さし)図(ず) (sashizu, “instruction”)

References

Ineko Kondō, Fumi Takano, Mary E. Althaus, et al. (2002), Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, third edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN

^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

“命令”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
命	令

Noun

命令 • (myeongnyeong) (hangeul 명령)

hanja form^? of 명령 (“order, command”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
命	令

Noun

命令

chữ Hán form of mệnh lệnh (“command; order”)

[NHK-1] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

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