Wiktionary

卒

See also: 卆, 率, and 쭈
卒 U+5352, 卒
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5352
← 卑
[U+5351] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 卓 →
[U+5353]

Translingual

edit
Stroke order
 

Han character

edit

卒 (Kangxi radical 24, 十+6, 8 strokes, Cangjie input 卜人人十 (YOOJ), four-corner 00408, composition ⿱𠅃十)

Derived characters

edit
Additional Derived Characters

Descendants

edit

References

edit
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 156, character 28
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2740
  • Dae Jaweon: page 356, character 19
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 63, character 2
  • Unihan data for U+5352

Chinese

edit
simp. and trad.
 卒
2nd round simp. 卆
alternative forms
卆
䘚
𠥾
𨔊／𨒳
𧙻
卆
䘚
𠥾
𨔊／𨒳
𧙻
𰠄
 

Glyph origin

edit
Historical forms of the character 卒
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Qin slip script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
             
Characters in the same phonetic series (卒) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
晬 *ʔsuːds
祽 *ʔsuːds
綷 *ʔsuːds
淬 *sʰuːds
啐 *sʰuːds, *suːds, *sʰroːds, *ʔsud
倅 *sʰuːds, *ʔsuːd
焠 *sʰuːds
碎 *suːds
誶 *suːds, *suds, *zud
濢 *ʔslulʔ, *sʰluds
噿 *ʔslulʔ
臎 *ʔslulʔ, *sʰluds
醉 *ʔsuds
翠 *sʰuds
悴 *zuds
萃 *zuds
瘁 *zuds
顇 *zuds
粹 *suds
睟 *suds
賥 *suds
卒 *ʔsuːd, *sʰuːd, *ʔsud
稡 *ʔsuːd
猝 *sʰuːd
椊 *zuːd
捽 *zuːd, *zud
崪 *zuːd
窣 *suːd
崒 *zud
踤 *zud
錊 *ʔsuːɡ

There were 5 forms of 卒 in Shang oracle bone script (Qiu, 1990; Xuan, 2012):

  1.  : same as 衣 (“clothes”) (> Western Zhou bronze script  );
  2.  : a crisscross 衣 - a completed clothing;
  3.   (卒): ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): 衣 (“clothes”) with a mark - a completed clothing to be folded (> Warring States bronze script  ; Chu slip and silk script  );
  4.   (𧙻): phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声): 衣 (“clothes”) + 聿 (OC *b·lud) (hand (又) holding a brush);
  5.  , : 𧙻 having 又 omitted.

The brush shape in form (5) was often placed upside down. Later the inverted brush shape was mistaken as 又 and then moved to the top as in Chu slip and silk script   (𰠄) to avoid obscuration with 袁 (衣 + 又) (Xuan, 2012).

Etymology 1

edit

From 遭 (OC *ʔsluː, “to meet”) + nominal suffix *-t (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation

edit
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 卒
Mandarin Beijing /t͡su³⁵/
Harbin /t͡su²⁴/
Tianjin /t͡su⁴⁵/
Jinan /t͡su⁴²/
Qingdao /t͡su⁴²/
Zhengzhou /t͡su⁴²/
Xi'an /t͡sou²⁴/
Xining /t͡ɕy²⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡su¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡su⁵³/
Ürümqi /t͡su⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡səu²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡su³¹/
Guiyang /t͡ɕiu²¹/
Kunming /t͡su³¹/
Nanjing /t͡suʔ⁵/
Hefei /t͡suəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡suəʔ²/
Pingyao /t͡ɕyʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /t͡suəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /t͡səʔ⁵/
Suzhou /t͡səʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡soʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /t͡sai²¹³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕyʔ²¹/
/t͡ɕyeʔ²¹/
Tunxi /t͡sən²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /t͡səu²⁴/
Xiangtan /t͡səi²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sɨʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sut̚¹/
Taoyuan /t͡sut̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡søt̚⁵/
Nanning /t͡syt̚⁵⁵/
/t͡sɐt̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /t͡søt̚⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /t͡sut̚³²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡souʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡so²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡suk̚²/
Haikou (Hainanese) /tut̚⁵/
Rime
Character 卒
Reading # 3/3
Initial (聲) 精 (13)
Final (韻) 沒 (56)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 臧没切
Baxter tswot
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡suət̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡suot̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡suət̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/t͡swət̚/
Li
Rong 		/t͡suət̚/
Wang
Li 		/t͡suət̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/t͡suət̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zyut3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 卒
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zú
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tswot ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ts]ˁut/
English soldier

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 卒
Reading # 1/3
No. 17955
Phonetic
component 		卒
Rime
group 		物
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		卒
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔsuːd/

Definitions

edit

卒

  1. soldier
  2. servant
  3. (xiangqi) pawn; private; soldier: 🩭 (on the black side)
Synonyms
edit
Dialectal synonyms of 卒子 (“xiangqi black pawn”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 卒子
Northeastern Mandarin Harbin 卒兒
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 小卒兒
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 小卒兒, 卒
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 卒子, 小卒
Xi'an 卒子, 卒, 小卒
Xining 卒, 卒子, 尕卒兒
Xuzhou 小卒, 小卒子, 小卒兒, 卒頭子
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 卒
Lanzhou 卒子, 卒
Ürümqi 卒兒, 卒子, 卒娃子
Southwestern Mandarin Wuhan 卒子, 卒
Guiyang 卒子, 卒, 小卒子, 小卒
Liuzhou 卒崽, 卒
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 小卒, 卒子
Yangzhou 卒子, 小卒子
Cantonese Hong Kong 卒
Dongguan 卒
Gan Nanchang 卒子, 卒
Lichuan 卒
Pingxiang 卒仔, 卒
Hakka Meixian 卒
Yudu 卒子, 卒
Huizhou Jixi 卒
Jin Taiyuan 卒子
Xinzhou 卒子, 黑卒子
Northern Min Jian'ou 卒仔
Eastern Min Fuzhou 卒, 卒囝
Southern Min Xiamen 卒仔, 卒
Quanzhou 卒仔, 卒
Zhangzhou 卒仔, 卒
Tainan 卒仔
Leizhou 卒囝
Haikou 卒
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 卒崽, 卒
Wu Shanghai 卒
Shanghai (Chongming) 卒
Suzhou 卒
Danyang 卒, 卒卒
Hangzhou 卒卒兒
Ningbo 卒格, 卒格爛眼
Wenzhou 卒兒, 爛頭卒
Jinhua 卒
Xiang Changsha 卒子, 卒
Loudi 卒子, 卒
Coordinate terms
edit

Compounds

edit

Descendants

edit
Sino-Xenic (卒):
  • → Japanese: 卒(そつ) (sotsu)
  • → Korean: 졸(卒) (jol)
  • → Vietnamese: tốt (卒)

Etymology 2

edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “from ST *(t/d)u-n/t? Related to 瘁/悴, 酋, 傮, 造, 秋?”)

Pronunciation

edit
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 卒
Mandarin Beijing /t͡su³⁵/
Harbin /t͡su²⁴/
Tianjin /t͡su⁴⁵/
Jinan /t͡su⁴²/
Qingdao /t͡su⁴²/
Zhengzhou /t͡su⁴²/
Xi'an /t͡sou²⁴/
Xining /t͡ɕy²⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡su¹³/
Lanzhou /t͡su⁵³/
Ürümqi /t͡su⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡səu²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡su³¹/
Guiyang /t͡ɕiu²¹/
Kunming /t͡su³¹/
Nanjing /t͡suʔ⁵/
Hefei /t͡suəʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡suəʔ²/
Pingyao /t͡ɕyʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /t͡suəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /t͡səʔ⁵/
Suzhou /t͡səʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /t͡soʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /t͡sai²¹³/
Hui Shexian /t͡ɕyʔ²¹/
/t͡ɕyeʔ²¹/
Tunxi /t͡sən²⁴/
Xiang Changsha /t͡səu²⁴/
Xiangtan /t͡səi²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sɨʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sut̚¹/
Taoyuan /t͡sut̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡søt̚⁵/
Nanning /t͡syt̚⁵⁵/
/t͡sɐt̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /t͡søt̚⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /t͡sut̚³²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡souʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡so²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡suk̚²/
Haikou (Hainanese) /tut̚⁵/
Rime
Character 卒
Reading # 1/3
Initial (聲) 精 (13)
Final (韻) 術 (52)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 子聿切
Baxter tswit
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡siuɪt̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡sʷit̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡sjuet̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/t͡swit̚/
Li
Rong 		/t͡siuĕt̚/
Wang
Li 		/t͡sĭuĕt̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/t͡si̯uĕt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		ju
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zeot1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 卒
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zú
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tswit ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ts]ut/
English finish, die

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 卒
Reading # 3/3
No. 17964
Phonetic
component 		卒
Rime
group 		物
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		卒
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔsud/
Notes 裘錫圭康殷皆雲金文象衣加劃表衣縫製完結

Definitions

edit

卒

  1. to finish
  2. to pass away; to die
    卒於1992年／卒于1992年  ―  zú yú 1992 nián  ―  die in 1992
  3. at last; finally

Compounds

edit

Etymology 3

edit

Pronunciation

edit
Rime
Character 卒
Reading # 2/3
Initial (聲) 清 (14)
Final (韻) 沒 (56)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 倉没切
Baxter tshwot
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡sʰuət̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/t͡sʰuot̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡sʰuət̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/t͡sʰwət̚/
Li
Rong 		/t͡sʰuət̚/
Wang
Li 		/t͡sʰuət̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/t͡sʰuət̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		cu
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		cyut3
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 卒
Reading # 2/3
No. 17959
Phonetic
component 		卒
Rime
group 		物
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		猝
Old
Chinese 		/*sʰuːd/

Definitions

edit

卒

  1. alternative form of 猝 (cù, “hurried; suddenly”)

Compounds

edit

Etymology 4

edit

Pronunciation

edit

Definitions

edit

卒

  1. alternative form of 倅 (cuì)

References

edit

Japanese

edit

Kanji

edit
卒

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. low-ranking soldier[1]
  2. servant
  3. end, finish
  4. suddenly
  5. die, pass away
  6. finally

Readings

edit

Compounds

edit

Pronunciation

edit
Kanji in this term
卒
そつ
Grade: 4
on'yomi

Noun

edit

卒(そつ) • (sotsu) 

  1. low-ranking soldier
  2. short for 卒業
  3. short for 卒族
  4. short for 卒去

References

edit
  1. ^ “卒”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

edit

Etymology 1

edit

From Middle Chinese 卒 (MC tswot, “soldier”).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

edit

Hanja

edit
Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

卒 (eumhun 군사 졸 (gunsa jol))

  1. hanja form? of 졸 (“soldier”)

Compounds

edit

Etymology 2

edit

From Middle Chinese 卒 (MC tswit, “finish”).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

edit

Hanja

edit

卒 (eumhun 마칠 졸 (machil jol))

  1. hanja form? of 졸 (“to finish”)
  2. hanja form? of 졸 (“to pass away; to die”)

Compounds

edit

References

edit
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Vietnamese

edit

Han character

edit

卒: Hán Việt readings: tốt[1][2][3][4][5][6][7]
卒: Nôm readings: rốt[1][2][3][4][5][6][7], tốt[1][2][3][5][6][7], giốt[3][4][5][6][7], tột[3][4][5][6][7], trót[1][2][3], xụt[3][4][5], chút[1][2], tót[1][2], chót[1][4], chợt[3][4], dút[3][4], chuốc[1], nhót[1], nhút[1], suốt[1], chốt[3], chột[3], sót[3], sút[3], thốt[3], trốt[3], rột[5]

  1. chữ Hán form of tốt (“(xiangqi) soldier”)
  2. chữ Nôm form of chót (“last; final; closing”)
  3. chữ Nôm form of chút (“very small, tiny portion or amount”)
  4. chữ Nôm form of nhót (“used in nhảy nhót (“to jump up; to jump or dance happily”)”)
  5. chữ Nôm form of nhút (“used in nhút nhát (“shy; timid”)”)
  6. chữ Nôm form of rốt (“(chiefly in compounds) last”)
  7. chữ Nôm form of suốt
    1. throughout; from end to end; entire
    2. bobbin (often made of bamboo)
  8. chữ Nôm form of tót
    1. in a quick, non-redundant manner
    2. (to jump) up to a higher place
  9. chữ Nôm form of tốt (“good, as in high-quality, well-made, well executed, good-natured or ethical”)
  10. chữ Nôm form of trót (“to make a mistake (in doing something)”)

References

edit
  1. ↑ 1.00 1.01 1.02 1.03 1.04 1.05 1.06 1.07 1.08 1.09 1.10 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 Trần (2004).
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 Hồ (1976).
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 Bonet (1899).
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 Génibrel (1898).
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=卒&oldid=88127467"