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Translingual
edit| Japanese | 僧 |
|---|---|
| Simplified | 僧 |
| Traditional | 僧 |
Alternative forms
editNote difference between Chinese form, which uses 曾, and Japanese shinjitai which uses 曽. Both forms are encoded under the same codepoint due to Han unification.
Han character
edit僧 (Kangxi radical 9, 人+12 in Chinese, 人+11 in Japanese, 14 strokes in Chinese, 13 strokes in Japanese, Cangjie input 人金田日 (OCWA), four-corner 28266, composition ⿰亻曾 (GTKV) or ⿰亻曽 (J))
Derived characters
editRelated characters
editReferences
edit- Kangxi Dictionary: page 117, character 14
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1076
- Dae Jaweon: page 248, character 20
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 222, character 1
- Unihan data for U+50E7
Chinese
edit| simp. and trad. |
僧 | |
|---|---|---|
Glyph origin
edit| Historical forms of the character 僧 | |
|---|---|
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
|
References:
Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
| |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sɯːŋ): semantic 亻 (“person”) + phonetic 曾 (OC *ʔsɯːŋ, *zɯːŋ) – a kind of person (a Buddhist monk).
Etymology
editClipping of 僧伽 (MC song gja, “sangha; community of monks, nuns, novices and laity”); see there for more.
Pronunciation
edit- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): zang1 / sang1
- Gan (Wiktionary): sen1
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): seng1
- Eastern Min (BUC): cĕng
- Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): zeng1
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1sen
- Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zen1
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: sēng
- Zhuyin: ㄙㄥ
- Tongyong Pinyin: seng
- Wade–Giles: sêng1
- Yale: sēng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: seng
- Palladius: сэн (sɛn)
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɤŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zang1 / sang1
- Yale: jāng / sāng
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzang1 / sang1
- Guangdong Romanization: zeng1 / seng1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɐŋ⁵⁵/, /sɐŋ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
Note:
- sang1 - literary;
- zang1 - vernacular.
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: sen1
- Sinological IPA (key): /sɛn⁴²/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sên
- Hakka Romanization System: senˊ
- Hagfa Pinyim: sen1
- Sinological IPA: /sen²⁴/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
- Hakka Romanization System: senˋ
- Sinological IPA: /sen⁵³/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: seng1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /səŋ¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: cĕng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɛiŋ⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Puxian Min
- (Putian)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: zeng1
- Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: ceng
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɛŋ⁵³³/
- (Xianyou)
- Pouseng Ping'ing: zeng1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɛŋ⁵⁴⁴/
- (Putian)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chng
- Tâi-lô: tsng
- Phofsit Daibuun: zngf
- Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sŋ̍³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cheng
- Tâi-lô: tsing
- Phofsit Daibuun: zefng
- Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡siɪŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sng
- Tâi-lô: sng
- Phofsit Daibuun: sngf
- Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /sŋ̍³³/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: seng
- Tâi-lô: sing
- Phofsit Daibuun: sefng
- Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /siɪŋ⁴⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
Note:
- chng, cheng - vernacular;
- sng, seng - literary.
- Dialectal data
- Middle Chinese: song
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*sɯːŋ/
Definitions
edit僧
- (Buddhism) monk; bonze
- (Buddhism) sangha
- (Church of the East, historical) priest
- a surname
Synonyms
editCompounds
edit- 不僧不俗
- 僧人 (sēngrén)
- 僧伽
- 僧伽藍 / 僧伽蓝
- 僧俗 (sēngsú)
- 僧侶 / 僧侣 (sēnglǚ)
- 僧侶主義 / 僧侣主义
- 僧塔 (sēngtǎ)
- 僧多粥少 (sēngduōzhōushǎo)
- 僧官
- 僧尼 (sēngní)
- 僧徒 (sēngtú)
- 僧房 (sēngfáng)
- 僧殘 / 僧残
- 僧眾 / 僧众
- 僧祇 (sēngqí)
- 僧祐
- 僧綱 / 僧纲
- 僧肇
- 僧行
- 僧衣 (sēngyī)
- 僧道
- 僧院 (sēngyuàn)
- 僧鞋
- 削髮為僧 / 削发为僧
- 和合僧
- 奉道齋僧 / 奉道斋僧
- 女僧
- 密陀僧 (mìtuósēng)
- 小僧 (xiǎosēng)
- 尼僧 (nísēng)
- 情僧錄 / 情僧录
- 替僧
- 火宅僧
- 知事僧
- 粥少僧多
- 粥飯僧 / 粥饭僧
- 老僧 (lǎosēng)
- 老僧入定
- 聖僧 / 圣僧
- 胡僧
- 苦行僧 (kǔxíngsēng)
- 行腳僧 / 行脚僧
- 衲僧
- 貧僧 / 贫僧 (pínsēng)
- 門僧 / 门僧
- 阿僧祇 (āsēngqí)
- 雲水僧 / 云水僧
- 非洲和尚——黑人僧
- 高僧 (gāosēng)
- 齋僧 / 斋僧
References
edit- “僧”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “僧”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 203.
Japanese
edit| Shinjitai | 僧 | |
| Kyūjitai [1] |
僧 僧or 僧+ ︀?
|
|
| 僧󠄁 僧+ 󠄁?(Adobe-Japan1) | ||
| 僧󠄅 僧+ 󠄅?(Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) | ||
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. | ||
Glyph origin
editJapanese shinjitai form: 僧 (曾 → 曽).
Kanji
edit僧
(Jōyō kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 僧)
Readings
edit
Compounds
editEtymology
editClipping of 僧伽 (sōgya), borrowed from Sanskrit संघ (saṃgha).[2]
Pronunciation
editNoun
editReferences
edit- ^ “僧”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
editEtymology
editFrom Middle Chinese 僧 (MC song).
| Historical readings | ||
|---|---|---|
| Dongguk Jeongun reading | ||
| Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 | 스ᇰ (Yale: sùng) | |
| Middle Korean | ||
| Text | Eumhun | |
| Gloss (hun) | Reading | |
| Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[3] | 쥬ᇰ〯 (Yale: cywǔng) | 스ᇰ (Yale: sùng) |
Pronunciation
edit- (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰɯŋ]
- Phonetic hangul: [승]
Hanja
editCompounds
editReferences
edit- 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [4]
Vietnamese
editHan character
edit僧: Hán Việt readings: tăng (
References
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- zh:Buddhism
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