κνίζω
Ancient Greek
editEtymology
editBased on the stem forms κνιδ-, κνισ- (knid-, knis-), likely from a Proto-Indo-European *kneyd- (“to scratch, knock”), from *ken- (“to scratch; scrape; rub”). Cognates include Latvian knidêt (“to itch, geminate, creep”), Proto-Germanic *hnītaną (“to push, knock”), Middle Irish cned (“wound”). A root-final -t- is found as well, like in Lithuanian kni̇̀sti (“to scratch, itch, tickle”); a root-final -s- occurs in Lithuanian knisù (“to grub up”). Despite superficial similarities, probably not related to κνῑ́δη (knī́dē, “stinging nettle”), due to the latter's long vowel.[1]
Pronunciation
edit- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /kníz.dɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈkni.zo/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈkni.zo/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈkni.zo/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈkni.zo/
Verb
editκνῐ́ζω • (knĭ́zō)
- to scratch, gash
- Synonym: κνήθω (knḗthō)
- to pound, chop up or grate
- to tickle, titillate
- Synonym: γᾰργᾰλῐ́ζω (gărgălĭ́zō)
- (of feelings) to chafe, tease, provoke
Conjugation
edit Present: κνῐ́ζω, κνῐ́ζομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἔκνῐζον | ἔκνῐζες | ἔκνῐζε(ν) | ἐκνῐ́ζετον | ἐκνῐζέτην | ἐκνῐ́ζομεν | ἐκνῐ́ζετε | ἔκνῐζον | ||||
| middle/ |
indicative | ἐκνῐζόμην | ἐκνῐ́ζου | ἐκνῐ́ζετο | ἐκνῐ́ζεσθον | ἐκνῐζέσθην | ἐκνῐζόμεθᾰ | ἐκνῐ́ζεσθε | ἐκνῐ́ζοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Pluperfect: ἐκεκνῐ́κειν, ἐκεκνῐ́σμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ἐκεκνῐ́κειν, ἐκεκνῐ́κη |
ἐκεκνῐ́κεις, ἐκεκνῐ́κης |
ἐκεκνῐ́κει(ν) | ἐκεκνῐ́κετον | ἐκεκνῐκέτην | ἐκεκνῐ́κεμεν | ἐκεκνῐ́κετε | ἐκεκνῐ́κεσᾰν | ||||
| middle/ |
indicative | ἐκεκνῐ́σμην | ἐκέκνῐσο | ἐκέκνῐστο | ἐκέκνῐσθον | ἐκεκνῐ́σθην | ἐκεκνῐ́σμεθᾰ | ἐκέκνῐσθε | ἐκεκνῐ́δᾰτο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
edit- ἀποκνῐ́ζω (apoknĭ́zō)
- δῐᾰκνῐ́ζω (dĭăknĭ́zō)
- ἐπῐκνῐ́ζω (epĭknĭ́zō)
- κᾰτᾰκνῐ́ζω (kătăknĭ́zō)
- κνῐ́ζᾰ (knĭ́ză)
- κνῐ́ς (knĭ́s)
- κνῐ́σμᾰ (knĭ́smă)
- κνῐσμός (knĭsmós)
- ὑποκνῐ́ζω (hupoknĭ́zō)
- φῐλόκνῐσος (phĭlóknĭsos)
References
edit- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “κνίζω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 724
Further reading
edit- “κνίζω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “κνίζω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- κνίζω in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- κνίζω, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011