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Functional Groups
editHydrocarbons
edit| Chemical class | Group | Formula | Structural Formula | Prefix | Suffix | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alkane | Alkyl | RH | -skeletal.svg){kind=small} |
alkyl- | -ane |  Ethane |
| Alkene | Alkenyl | R2C=CR2 | alkenyl- | -ene |  Ethylene (Ethene) | |
| Alkyne | Alkynyl | RC=CR' | -skeletal.png){kind=small} |
alkynyl- | -yne |  Acetylene (Ethyne) |
| Benzene derivative | Phenyl | RC6H5 RPh |
 |
phenyl- | -benzene |  Cumene (2-phenylpropane) |
| Toluene derivative | Benzyl | RCH2C6H5 RBn |
 |
benzyl- | 1-(substituent)toluene |  Benzyl bromide (1-Bromotoluene) |
Groups containing halogens
edit| Chemical class | Group | Formula | Structural Formula | Prefix | Suffix | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| haloalkane | halo | RX |  |
halo- | alkyl halide |  Chloroethane (Ethyl chloride) |
| chloroalkane | chloro | RCl |  |
chloro- | alkyl chloride |  Chloromethane (Methyl chloride) |
Groups containing oxygen
edit| Chemical class | Group | Formula | Structural Formula | Prefix | Suffix | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acyl halide | Haloformyl | RCOX |  |
haloformyl- | -oyl halide |  Acetyl chloride (Ethanoyl chloride) |
| Alcohol | Hydroxyl | ROH | -skeletal.png) |
hydroxy- | -ol |  Methanol |
| Ketone | Carbonyl | RCOR' |  |
keto-, oxo- | -one |  Methyl ethyl ketone (Butanone) |
| Aldehyde | Aldehyde | RCHO |  |
aldo- | -al |  Acetaldehyde (Ethanal) |
| Carbonate | Carbonate ester | ROCOOR |  |
alkyl carbonate | ||
| Carboxylate | Carboxylate | RCOO- | 
|
carboxy- | -oate |  Sodium acetate (Sodium ethanoate) |
| Carboxylic acid | Carboxyl | RCOOH |  |
carboxy- | -oic acid |  Acetic acid (Ethanoic acid) |
| Ether | Ether | ROR' | .png){kind=small} |
alkoxy- | alkyl alkyl ether |  Diethyl ether (Ethoxyethane) |
| Ester | Ester | RCOOR' |  |
alkyl alkanoate |  Ethyl butyrate (Ethyl butanoate) | |
| Hydroperoxide | Hydroperoxy | ROOH |  |
hydroperoxy- | alkyl hydroperoxide |  Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide |
| Peroxide | Peroxy | ROOR |  |
peroxy- | alkyl peroxide |  Di-tert-butyl peroxide |
Groups containing nitrogen
edit| Chemical class | Group | Formula | Structural Formula | Prefix | Suffix | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amide | Carboxamide | RCONR2 | -skeletal.png) |
carboxamido- | -amide |  Acetamide (Ethanamide) |
| Amines | Primary amine | RNH2 |  |
amino- | -amine |  Methylamine (Methanamine) |
| Secondary amine | R2NH | .png) |
amino- | -amine |  Dimethylamine | |
| Tertiary amine | R3N | .png) |
amino- | -amine |  Trimethylamine | |
| 4° ammonium ion | R4N+ |  |
ammonio- | -ammonium |  Choline | |
| Azo compound | Azo (Diimide) |
RN2R' |  |
azo- | -diazene |  Methyl orange (p-dimethylamino-azobenzenesulfonic acid) |
| Nitrate | Nitrate | RONO2 |  |
nitrooxy-, nitroxy- |
alkyl nitrate |
 Amyl nitrate (1-nitrooxypentane) |
| Nitrile | Nitrile | RCN | .svg){kind=small} |
cyano- |
alkanenitrile |
 Benzonitrile (Phenyl cyanide) |
| Nitrite | Nitrosooxy | RONO |  |
nitrosooxy- |
alkyl nitrite |
 Isoamyl nitrite (3-methyl-1-nitrosooxybutane) |
| Nitro compound | Nitro | RNO2 |  |
nitro- |  Nitromethane | |