Wikipedia

Rosen Zhelyazkov

In this Bulgarian name, the patronymic is Dimitrov and the family name is Zhelyazkov.

Rosen Dimitrov Zhelyazkov (Bulgarian: Росен Димитров Желязков, pronounced [ˈrɔsɛn ʒɛˈʎаskɔf]; born 5 April 1968) is a Bulgarian politician who served as prime minister of Bulgaria from January to December 2025. He resigned on 11 December 2025 following mass protests. He previously served as Minister of Transport from 2018 to 2021, Member of the National Assembly from 2021 to 2025, and Speaker of the National Assembly from 2023 to 2024. He is a member of the conservative GERB party.

Rosen Zhelyazkov
Росен Желязков
Zhelyazkov in 2025
62nd Prime Minister of Bulgaria
Caretaker
Assumed office
16 January 2025
PresidentRumen Radev
Deputy
Preceded byDimitar Glavchev[a]
Speaker of the National Assembly
In office
19 April 2023 – 25 April 2024
Preceded byVezhdi Rashidov
Succeeded byRaya Nazaryan
Member of the National Assembly
In office
21 July 2021 – 16 January 2025
Constituency1st — Blagoevgrad
Minister of Transport, Information Technologies and Communications
In office
20 September 2018 – 12 May 2021
Prime MinisterBoyko Borisov
Preceded byIvaylo Moskovski
Succeeded byGeorgi Todorov
Personal details
BornRosen Dimitrov Zhelyazkov
(1968-04-05) 5 April 1968 (age 57)
Sofia, Bulgaria
PartyGERB
Children2
Alma materSofia University
Occupation
  • Politician
  • lawyer

Early life, education, and career

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Zhelyazkov was born in Sofia on 5 April 1968. He earned a master's degree in Law from Sofia University.

In 1994, he began his career as a legal advisor for Sofia Municipality's Sredets district, where he held senior legal positions as well as positions in the local administration.[4] In 1995, he was accepted into the Sofia Lawyers Association as an attorney specialising in civil and commercial law.[4][5]

Political career

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Municipal administration

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Zhelyazkov held his first political position from 1998 to 1999, when he was Deputy Mayor for "Law and Control" of Lozenets district.[5][6][4][7]

In 2003, he was appointed as Secretary of Sofia Municipality by then-mayor Stefan Sofiyanski and was re-appointed to the role after the election of Boyko Borisov in 2005.[8]

In 2009, after Borisov became prime-minister, Zhelyazkov was given the post of Secretary to the Ministerial Council, a position responsible for the administrative functions of the cabinet.[8]

State Administrator

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Zhelyazkov served as Secretary to the Ministerial Cabinet between 2009 and 2013 under both Borisov and interim Prime Minister Marin Raykov.[5][6][4][7] In addition, he also served as chairman of the board of the Institute for Public Administration from 2011 to 2013 and represented Bulgaria at the European Institute for Public Administration (EIPA).[9]

As secretary to the cabinet under the Raykov Government, Zhelyazkov was implicated in the so-called "Kostinbrod affair" surrounding the 2013 Bulgarian parliamentary election. A number of political parties, most notably the BSP, alleged that around 350,000 ballots were printed illegally at a facility in Kostinbrod with the authorisation of the caretaker government.[10] As part of the investigation, Zhelyazkov was charged by the Prosecutor's Office for dereliction of his duty to oversee the proper printing of ballots.[11] In 2014, the Sofia City Court found no evidence of wrongdoing by Zhelyazkov and ruled that he was innocent.[12]

From 2016 to 2017, Zhelyazkov served as a Public Administration and e-Government advisor to Prime Minister Boyko Borisov.[5][6][4][13] In this role, he helped draft legislation for the implementation of e-government in Bulgaria and represented the country at the annual summit for open government partnership.[9]

Zhelyazkov was nominated for the position of Chairman of the Commission for the Protection of Competitiveness by GERB in April 2016, but ultimately withdrew his candidacy due to a lack of competition and after an appeal by Borisov for his party to withdraw from the process.[14]

On 30 September 2016, he was appointed Chairman of the newly-created State e-Government Agency.[5][4][15] In this role, Zhelyazkov was responsible for overseeing the digitalisation of state services and the implementation of online solutions for government-issued documents.[16][17]

In October 2017, he was appointed as head of the Commission for the Regulation of Messages, responsible for overseeing the postal, radio, and e-signature state services.[18]

Minister of Transport

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On 20 September 2018, Zhelyazkov was elected by the National Assembly as Minister of Transport, Information Technology, and Communications.[5][4] His appointment to the position came following the resignation of his predecessor, Ivaylo Moskovski, following a traffic accident near the town of Svoge.[19]

Shortly after his election, Zhelyazkov promised to work closely with the National Assembly and aimed to continue the programs started by Moskovski.[20] In one of his first acts as Minister, Zhelyazkov ended the concession of Plovdiv Airport following the withdrawal of the previous concessioners.[21] Additionally, he chose to extend the deadline for the concession of Sofia Airport.[22]

In November 2018, Zhelyazkov announced a change in the leadership of the Bulgarian State Railways after a number of allegations of misappropriation of funds, as well as a lack of communication with the Transport Minister.[23]

During negotiations about the implementation of new amendments to the EU "mobility package", which aimed to regulate the status of inter-state logistical networks, Zhelyazkov opposed the proposed amendments for weakening workers' rights in the Bulgarian transportation sector and supported protests organised by them.[24] In January 2019, Zhelyazkov announced that Bulgaria had managed to gain certain concessions about the status of Bulgarian lorry drivers during negotiations with EU institutions, although the concessions were judged as unsatisfactory by the lorry drivers union.[25]

Another challenge faced by Zhelyazkov were allegations by the Bulgarian Socialist Party that the contract for the concession of Sofia Airport was contrary to European legal practices due to undue favouritism towards a private company.[26] He denied these allegations, highlighting that the contract only restricted the rights of the state. Ultimately, despite obstructions from the BSP, the airport was given to Sof Connect in June 2019.[27] The choice of Sof Connect was challenged legally by a number of other participants in the process, for alleged uncompetitive practices of the Transport Ministry.[28] The official contract of the concession was signed by Zhelyazkov on 22 July 2020.[29]

In February 2019, the bus drivers' union of Bulgaria threatened to hold a national strike due to unclear regulations surrounding the distribution of state subsidies to the sector.[30] In response, a number of measures were announced to improve the working conditions of bus drivers and improve the distribution of state funds.[30]

In an interview with bTV, Zhelyazkov admitted that widespread corruption remained a key problem in the "Automobile administration" department, and promised to address its "structural" causes.[31] Looking to reduce the bureaucratic burden on car registrations, he proposed a law allowing car owners to receive a technical inspection of their vehicles by private firms rather than exclusively by the automobile administration.[32] The law was criticised by the BSP and some media outlets for allegedly enabling criminal activity.

Zhelyazkov oversaw the construction of the 5G telecommunication infrastructure in Bulgaria.[33]

In 2020, the Ministry of Transport decided to resume the process for the concession of Plovdiv Airport for a 35-year period.[34]

In coordination with the Ministry of Education, Zhelyazkov attempted to reform the driving license examination requirements, including increasing the number of driving hours while reducing the theoretical requirements.[35] The measure was opposed by driving schools, who alleged that the increased administrative burdens provided by the law, as well as the increase in driving hours, will lead to financial losses and over-work.[36] Zhelyazkov defended the law, claiming that it would digitalise many elements of the examination process, thus in effect reducing corruption.[37] Ultimately, the planned reforms were not implemented.[38]

As part of the government's efforts to combat the economic impacts of COVID-19, Zhelyazkov authorised the implementation of the 60/40 wage scheme within the transport sector.[39]

Zhelyazkov's tenure as Minister of Transport ended following the dissolution of the Third Borisov Government in May 2021.

Parliamentary activity and Speakership

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He was a Member of Parliament (GERB-UDF) in the 45th, 46th, 47th, 48th and 49th National Assembly.[6] He was consistently selected as the list-leader for the GERB-SDS list in the Blagoevgrad MMC.

On 19 April 2023, following an agreement between GERB-UDF and the second largest group in the National Assembly – PP-DB, Rosen Zhelyazkov was elected Speaker of the Bulgarian Parliament with 136 votes in favour.[40][5][6]

On 25 April 2024, Zhelyazkov was removed from the post of Chairperson of the National Assembly with 129 votes in favour, a day prior to the disbandenment of the 49th National Assembly before the June 2024 Bulgarian parliamentary election.[41]

Zhelyaskov was selected as the list-leader for GERB-SDS for the 2024 European Parliament election, however did not take his seat within the European Parliament.

He was nominated as the GERB-SDS Prime Ministerial candidate, following the June 2024 parliamentary elections.[42] On 1 July 2024, Zhelyazkov received the first exploratory mandate for government formation by President Rumen Radev following the June 2024 Bulgarian parliamentary election.[43] Zhelyazkov stated that he aimed to form a minority government and presented the composition of his cabinet before Radev on the day, thus fulfilling the first mandate. On 3 July, the National Assembly voted 138–98 to reject his proposed government, thus voiding the first mandate.[44]

Prime Minister of Bulgaria

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Zhelyazkov was selected as one of the members of the GERB-SDS negotiating team following the October 2024 parliamentary election, tasked with negotiating the formation of a regular government with DB, the BSP and ITN.[45]

In early January 2025, it was revealed that Zhelyazkov was the Prime Ministerial nominee from GERB-SDS leading to DB leaving the aforementioned government negotiations and a temporary suspension of the negotiations as a whole.[46] Negotiations were, however, resumed between the three parties, with external support being sought from representatives of DPS-Dogan.[47]

On 15 January, Zhelyazkov received and returned completed the first exploratory mandate to President Radev, presenting the composition of his cabinet.[48] In his statement to the President, he outlined that the goal of the cabinet was to stabilise the country following a cycle of irregular elections and that the cabinet was based on mutual compromises between the parties participating in it.[49] The National Assembly voted in favour of the Zhelyazkov Government, with Zhelyazkov as Prime Minister on 16 January 2025, with a majority of 125 votes.[50]

 
Rosen Zhelyazkov at the 2025 The Hague NATO summit (bottom left)

Following the investiture vote, Zhelyazkov met with his predecessor, Caretaker Prime Minister, Dimitar Glavchev, in the traditional transfer of power ceremony. In his statement during the ceremony, Zhelyazkov promised to present the cabinet's governance plan within a month and noted that he expected a productive dialogue with the parliamentary opposition.[51]

From 21 to 22 January, Zhelyazkov departed on his first foreign visit to Strasbourg, where he met with EU Commission President Ursula von der Leyen, EU Council President Antonio Costa, European Parliament Speaker Roberta Metsola, as well as Bulgarian MEPs.[52]

On 23 January, Zhelyazkov oversaw the first meeting of his cabinet, during which it was decided to withdraw the previously drafted budget for 2025 developed by the preceding caretaker Glavchev government.[53]

Resignation

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Major protests weakened his government in November 2025, forcing him to abandon his controversial budget plan, which included tax increases. In addition to the budget issue, other sources of discontent, such as rising prices amid the transition to the euro and corruption among government officials, contributed to the prime minister's unpopularity.[54]

Zhelyazkov resigned as Prime Minister on 11 December 2025 following weeks of country-wide protests against his government.[55]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Caretaker[1][2][3]

References

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  1. ^ "Parliament.bg". www.parliament.bg.
  2. ^ "Bulgaria's caretaker PM-designate Glavchev presents nominees for interim government". 5 April 2024.
  3. ^ "Caretaker Prime Minister Dimitar Glavchev".
  4. ^ a b c d e f g Atanasova, Maria (19 April 2023). "Росен Желязков: Запален по моторите и рок музиката: Кой е новият председател на Народното събрание?". Fakti.bg (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g "Кой е Росен Желязков?". dariknews.bg (in Bulgarian). 17 September 2018. Retrieved 3 October 2023.
  6. ^ a b c d e "Росен Желязков". Еconomic.bg (in Bulgarian). 19 April 2023. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  7. ^ a b "Кой е Росен Желязков, договорен за шеф на парламента? frognews.bg". frognews.bg (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  8. ^ a b "Човек от общината ще командва чиновниците в МС". 24Chasa.bg (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  9. ^ a b "Кой е Росен Желязков – номиниран за министър-председател (Биография)". Dariknews.bg (in Bulgarian). 15 January 2025. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  10. ^ "Премиерът чака "със затаен дъх" прокуратурата да обясни за бюлетините". Mediapool.bg (in Bulgarian). 13 May 2013. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  11. ^ "Бившият главен секретар на МС вече е обвиняем за скандала с бюлетините". Mediapool.bg (in Bulgarian). 14 October 2013. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  12. ^ "Балонът "Костинброд" се спука в съда". Mediapool.bg (in Bulgarian). 15 April 2015. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  13. ^ "Кой е Росен Желязков, когото ГЕРБ издигат за шеф на НС". www.24chasa.bg. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  14. ^ "Изборът на ново ръководство на КЗК се връща на старта". www.mediapool.bg. 9 March 2016. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  15. ^ "Кой е Росен Желязков? Един от най-приближените на Борисов става транспортен министър". Epicenter (in Bulgarian). 17 September 2019. Retrieved 4 October 2023.
  16. ^ "До края на годината се очаква свързване на регистрите за 12 вида услуги". Mediapool.bg (in Bulgarian). 17 September 2017. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  17. ^ "Дигитализация на европейските администрации до 2022 г." Mediapool.bg (in Bulgarian). 6 October 2017. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  18. ^ "Комисията за регулиране на съобщенията е с нов шеф". Mediapool.bg (in Bulgarian). 20 October 2017. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  19. ^ "Борисов пак стигна до Росен Желязков – този път за транспортен министър". Mediapool.bg (in Bulgarian). 17 September 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  20. ^ "Новите министри продължават управленския курс". Mediapool.bg (in Bulgarian). 20 September 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  21. ^ "Концесията на летище "Пловдив" е прекратена". Mediapool.bg (in Bulgarian). 20 September 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  22. ^ "Удължен е срокът за оферти за концесията на летище София". Mediapool.bg (in Bulgarian). 3 October 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  23. ^ "Вихрушка от скандали и оставки в ръководството на БДЖ". Mediapool.bg (in Bulgarian). 8 November 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  24. ^ "Български превозвачи готвят протест в Брюксел на 10 януари". Mediapool.bg (in Bulgarian). 11 December 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  25. ^ "Транспортният министър е оптимист за евроотстъпки пред превозвачите ни". Mediapool.bg (in Bulgarian). 9 January 2019. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  26. ^ "Желязков отказва да спре концесията за летище София, отрича нарушения". Mediapool.bg (in Bulgarian). 15 January 2019. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  27. ^ "Операторът на летище Мюнхен поема и софийското". Mediapool.bg (in Bulgarian). 17 July 2019. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  28. ^ "Две жалби стопират концесията на Летище София". Mediapool.bg (in Bulgarian). 27 July 2019. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  29. ^ "Концесията за летище "София" подписана на четири очи". Mediapool.bg (in Bulgarian). 22 July 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  30. ^ a b "Държавата не знае как разпределя 112 млн. лв. между автобусните превозвачи". Mediapool.bg (in Bulgarian). 7 February 2019. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  31. ^ "Росен Желязков: На всички е ясно, че корупция в "Автомобилна администрация" има". Mediapool.bg (in Bulgarian). 18 April 2019. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  32. ^ "Транспортният министър: Всеки ще може сам да си ремонтира колата". Mediapool.bg (in Bulgarian). 16 August 2019. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  33. ^ "Освобождават се честоти за изграждането на 5G мрежи". Mediapool.bg (in Bulgarian). 11 September 2019. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  34. ^ "Нов опит за концесия на летище Пловдив". Mediapool.bg (in Bulgarian). 27 February 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  35. ^ "Отбой за повечето часове кормуване след протест на автошколите". Mediapool.bg (in Bulgarian). 14 January 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  36. ^ "Протест на автошколи заради налаган им корупционен модел на обучение". Mediapool.bg (in Bulgarian). 6 October 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  37. ^ "Автошколите минават на електронно обслужване". Mediapool.bg (in Bulgarian). 29 September 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  38. ^ "Инструкторите се отказаха от протест след отстъпки на транспортния министър". Mediapool.bg (in Bulgarian). 22 October 2020. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  39. ^ "Мярката 80/20 ще важи и за транспорт, и за туризъм, почва от 1 юли (Обновено)". 24Chasa.bg (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  40. ^ "BTA :: New Bulgarian Parliament Elects Its Leader". www.bta.bg. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  41. ^ Отстраниха Росен Желязков от председателското място в НС – Новините на NOVA (25.04.2024). Retrieved 26 April 2024 – via www.youtube.com.
  42. ^ "Борисов извади партиен кабинет с премиер Росен Желязков и очаква "трикове" за гласуването му". Mediapool.bg (in Bulgarian). 1 May 2024. Retrieved 1 April 2025.
  43. ^ "Bulgaria's GERB tasked with forming minority government". Al Jazeera. 1 July 2024. Retrieved 1 July 2024.
  44. ^ "Bulgarian Parliament rejects new government proposed by leader of main party". Associated Press. 3 July 2024. Retrieved 3 July 2024.
  45. ^ Телевизия, Нова (15 December 2024). "Росен Желязков: Разговорите за кабинет ще продължат до Нова година".
  46. ^ "ГЕРБ-СДС прекратява преговорите: ДБ не подкрепи Росен Желязков за премиер". 5 January 2025.
  47. ^ "Росен Желязков: Докато не е решено всичко, нищо не е решено". 5 January 2025.
  48. ^ "Росен Желязков получи мандат за кабинет. Кой влиза в него?". Deutsche Welle. 15 January 2025.
  49. ^ Телевизия, Нова (15 January 2025). "Кандидат-премиерът Росен Желязков прие първия мандат, представи състав на Министерски съвет".
  50. ^ "Избраха кабинета "Желязков". България има ново редовно правителство". 16 January 2025.
  51. ^ "Желязков получи властта от Главчев: Не очакваме 100 дни толеранс, нито милост от опозицията". 16 January 2025.
  52. ^ "Желязков отива в Страсбург, ще се срещне с Фон дер Лайен, Коща и Мецола". 20 January 2025.
  53. ^ "На първото правителствено заседание: МС оттегля Закона за държавния бюджет за 2025 г." 23 January 2025.
  54. ^ "Bulgaria Govt Mulls Scrapping Budget Plan as Protests Rock Sofia". 27 November 2025.
  55. ^ Jakes, Lara (11 December 2025). "Bulgaria's Prime Minister Resigns in the Face of Mass Protests". The New York Times.
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