Wikipedia

Outline of the C sharp programming language

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to C#:

C# (pronounced “C-sharp”) is a free and open-source multi-paradigm programming language developed by Microsoft as part of its .NET initiative. C# was designed by Anders Hejlsberg and first appeared in 2000 with the release of .NET Framework. The language emphasizes type safety, component-oriented programming, and modern object-oriented programming concepts. C# syntax is similar to C++ and Java, but is tightly integrated with the .NET Common Language Runtime (CLR) environment.[1][2][3]

What type of language is C#?

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History of C#

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General C# concepts

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Issues, limits

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C# toolchain

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Compilers

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  • Roslyn – open-source compiler platform for C# and VB.NET
  • Mono – cross-platform implementation of C# and .NET
  • Bartok – experimental AOT compiler by Microsoft Research
  • CoreRT – .NET Foundation project for AOT and JIT compilation
  • IL2CPU – AOT compiler used by the COSMOS operating system
  • RemObjects C# – AOT compiler supporting multiple platforms
  • RyuJIT – JIT compiler used in .NET Core and .NET 5+
  • SharpDevelop – open-source IDE and C# compiler under LGPL
  • Visual C# – Microsoft’s primary JIT compiler for C#
  • Visual C# Express – freeware edition of Visual C# for beginners
  • Portable.NET – discontinued AOT compiler from the DotGNU project

Build and package management

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  • MSBuild – Microsoft’s official build engine
  • NuGet – official .NET package manager and registry
  • dotnet CLI – command-line interface for building, running, and publishing C# applications.[42]

C# libraries and frameworks

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  • .NET Standard – specification ensuring API compatibility across .NET implementations
  • ASP.NET Core – framework for building web applications and APIs
  • Entity Framework Core – object-relational mapper (ORM)
  • Xamarin – framework for building cross-platform mobile applications
  • Blazor – framework for building interactive web UIs with C#
  • Unity – game engine using C# as its primary scripting language

Testing and benchmarking

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  • xUnit – popular open-source testing framework
  • NUnit – testing framework for .NET
  • MSTest – Microsoft’s built-in test framework
  • BenchmarkDotNet – library for performance benchmarking in C#[43]

Notable projects written in C#

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Example source code

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C# publications

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Books about C#

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  • Andrew Troelsen – Pro C# and the .NET Platform
  • Bill Wagner – Effective C#
  • Herbert Schildt – C#: A Beginner's Guide and C# 4.0: The Complete Reference
  • Jeff Prosise – Programming Microsoft .NET
  • Jeffrey Richter – CLR via C#
  • Jennifer Greene – Head First C#
  • Jon Skeet – C# in Depth
  • Mark J. Price – C# 12 and .NET 8 – Modern Cross-Platform Development
  • Rob Miles – The C# Programming Yellow Book[44]
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C# learning resources

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See also

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Outlines of other programming languages

References

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  1. ↑ "C# Guide – .NET managed language". learn.microsoft.com.
  2. ↑ https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/csharp-programming-language-introduction/ [permanent dead link]
  3. ↑ "C# – a modern, open-source programming language – .NET". Microsoft.
  4. ↑ "Introduction – C# language specification". learn.microsoft.com.
  5. ↑ "The history of C#". learn.microsoft.com.
  6. ↑ "Assemblies in .NET – .NET". learn.microsoft.com.
  7. ↑ "Attributes – C# language specification". learn.microsoft.com.
  8. ↑ "Async and Await in C#". GeeksforGeeks. August 1, 2022.
  9. ↑ "Asynchronous programming – C#". learn.microsoft.com.
  10. ↑ "Classes and objects tutorial – C#". learn.microsoft.com.
  11. ↑ "Collections – C# reference". learn.microsoft.com.
  12. ↑ "Work with delegate types in C# – C#". learn.microsoft.com.
  13. ↑ "Encapsulation in C#". GeeksforGeeks. October 15, 2018.
  14. ↑ "Events – C#". learn.microsoft.com.
  15. ↑ "Exception Handling – C#". learn.microsoft.com.
  16. ↑ ".NET garbage collection – .NET". learn.microsoft.com.
  17. ↑ "Garbage Collection in C# | .NET Framework". GeeksforGeeks. April 17, 2019.
  18. ↑ "C# generics (With Examples)". www.programiz.com.
  19. ↑ "Generic classes and methods – C#". learn.microsoft.com.
  20. ↑ "Tutorial: Introduction to Inheritance – C#". learn.microsoft.com.
  21. ↑ "Interfaces – define behavior for multiple types – C#". learn.microsoft.com.
  22. ↑ "Lambda Expressions in C#". GeeksforGeeks. September 20, 2019.
  23. ↑ "Language Integrated Query (LINQ) – C#". learn.microsoft.com.
  24. ↑ "C# Memory Management". GeeksforGeeks. September 19, 2025.
  25. ↑ "Memory management and patterns in ASP.NET Core". learn.microsoft.com.
  26. ↑ "Namespaces – C# language specification". learn.microsoft.com.
  27. ↑ "Nullable reference types – C#". learn.microsoft.com.
  28. ↑ "Operator overloading – Define unary, arithmetic, equality, and comparison operators. – C# reference". learn.microsoft.com.
  29. ↑ "Pattern matching overview – C#". learn.microsoft.com.
  30. ↑ "Properties – C#". learn.microsoft.com.
  31. ↑ "Records – C# reference". learn.microsoft.com.
  32. ↑ "Reflection in .NET". learn.microsoft.com.
  33. ↑ "Serialization – .NET". learn.microsoft.com.
  34. ↑ "Structs – C# language specification". learn.microsoft.com.
  35. ↑ "Using threads and threading – .NET". learn.microsoft.com.
  36. ↑ "Task-based asynchronous programming – .NET". learn.microsoft.com.
  37. ↑ Chand, Mahesh. "Type Inference in C#". www.c-sharpcorner.com.
  38. ↑ Kumar, Ravi Ranjan. "A Basic Introduction To C# Unit Test For Beginners". www.c-sharpcorner.com.
  39. ↑ "Reference types – C# reference". learn.microsoft.com.
  40. ↑ "Garbage Collection and Performance – .NET". learn.microsoft.com.
  41. ↑ "Dependency loading – .NET". learn.microsoft.com.
  42. ↑ ".NET CLI". learn.microsoft.com.
  43. ↑ "Home | BenchmarkDotNet". benchmarkdotnet.org.
  44. ↑ "Top C# Books recommended by experts – MentorCruise". mentorcruise.com.
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