Lower Chinook is an extinct Chinookan language historically spoken at the mouth of the Columbia River on the west coast of North America.
| Lower Chinook | |
|---|---|
| Tsinúk | |
| Native to | United States |
| Region | Columbia River Valley |
| Ethnicity | 140 lower Chinook (2000 census)[1] |
| Extinct | 1930s[2] |
Chinookan
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | chh |
| Glottolog | chin1286 |
Dialects
edit- Clatsop (Tlatsop) was spoken in northwestern Oregon around the mouth of the Columbia River and the Clatsop Plains (†).
- Shoalwater (also known as Chinook proper), extinct (†) since the 1930s. Shoalwater was spoken in southwestern Washington around southern Willapa Bay.
Chinook Jargon is partially based on Chinook.
Comparison to Kathlamet and Upper Chinook
editLower Chinook shares many cognates with the Upper Chinook and Kathlamet languages.
| English | Lower Chinook[3] [unreliable source?] | Kathlamet[4][unreliable source?] | Upper Chinook[5][unreliable source?] |
|---|---|---|---|
| One | Ixt | Ixat | Ixt |
| Two | Môkst | Môkct | Môkčt |
| Three | Łun | Łon | Łun |
| Four | Lakt | Lakt | Lakt |
| Five | Kwanm | Quinum | Gwεnεm |
| Man | Łkwalipx | Lxam | Ikala |
| Woman | Ła'akil | Aqakilak | Agagilak |
| Sun | O'ołax | Aqałax | Agałax |
| Moon | Okłumin | Akłemin | Akulmin |
| Water | Łtsuq | Łtcuqoa | Iłčqoa |
References
edit- ↑ Lower Chinook at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
- ↑ Campbell (1997) American Indian Languages; Mithun (2001) The Languages of Native North America
- ↑ "Chinook Words". www.native-languages.org. Retrieved 2024-08-29.
- ↑ "Kathlamet Words". www.native-languages.org. Retrieved 2024-08-29.
- ↑ "Wasco-Wishram Words". www.native-languages.org. Retrieved 2024-08-29.
- Chinook (Tsinúk) at Omniglot. Retrieved 2017-06-23
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