July 20

July 20 in recent years
2026 (Monday)
2025 (Sunday)
2024 (Saturday)
2023 (Thursday)
2022 (Wednesday)
2021 (Tuesday)
2020 (Monday)
2019 (Saturday)
2018 (Friday)
2017 (Thursday)

July 20 is the 201st day of the year (202nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar; 164 days remain until the end of the year.

Events

Pre-1600

70 – Siege of Jerusalem: Titus, son of emperor Vespasian, storms the Fortress of Antonia north of the Temple Mount. The Roman army is drawn into street fights with the Zealots.
514 – Consecration of pope Hormisdas following the death of pope Symmachus the previous day.^[1]
792 – Kardam of Bulgaria defeats Byzantine Emperor Constantine VI at the Battle of Marcellae.
911 – Rollo lays siege to Chartres.
1189 – Richard I of England officially invested as Duke of Normandy.
1230 – Treaty of San Germano is signed at San Germano between Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II and Pope Gregory IX. A Dominican named Guala is responsible for the negotiations.
1398 – The Battle of Kellistown was fought on this day between the forces of the English led by Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March against the O'Byrnes and O'Tooles under the command of Art Óg mac Murchadha Caomhánach, the most powerful Chieftain in Leinster.
1592 – During the first Japanese invasion of Korea, Japanese forces led by Toyotomi Hideyoshi captured Pyongyang, although they were ultimately unable to hold it.

1601–1900

1705 – A fire in Oulu, Finland almost completely destroyed the fourth district, which covered the southern part of the city and was by far the largest of the city districts.^[2]^[3]
1715 – Seventh Ottoman–Venetian War: The Ottoman Empire captures Nauplia, the capital of the Republic of Venice's "Kingdom of the Morea", thereby opening the way to the swift Ottoman reconquest of the Morea.^[4]
1738 – Canadian explorer Pierre Gaultier de Varennes et de La Vérendrye reaches the western shore of Lake Michigan.
1799 – Tekle Giyorgis I begins his first of six reigns as Emperor of Ethiopia.^[5]
1807 – Nicéphore Niépce is awarded a patent by Napoleon for the Pyréolophore, the world's first internal combustion engine, after it successfully powered a boat upstream on the river Saône in France.
1810 – Citizens of Bogotá, New Granada declare independence from Spain.
1831 – Seneca and Shawnee people agree to relinquish their land in western Ohio for 60,000 acres west of the Mississippi River.^[6]
1848 – The first Women's Rights Convention in Seneca Falls, New York, a two-day event, concludes.
1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Peachtree Creek: Near Atlanta, Georgia, Confederate forces led by General John Bell Hood unsuccessfully attack Union troops under General William T. Sherman.
1866 – Austro-Prussian War: Battle of Lissa: The Austrian Navy, led by Admiral Wilhelm von Tegetthoff, defeats the Italian Navy near the island of Vis in the Adriatic Sea.
1871 – British Columbia joins the Canadian Confederation.
1885 – The Football Association legalizes professionalism in association football under pressure from the British Football Association.

1901–present

1903 – The Ford Motor Company ships its first automobile.
1906 – In Finland, a new electoral law is ratified, guaranteeing the country the first and equal right to vote in the world. Finnish women are the first in Europe to receive the right to vote.^[7]
1917 – World War I: The Corfu Declaration, which leads to the creation of the post-war Kingdom of Yugoslavia, is signed by the Yugoslav Committee and Kingdom of Serbia.
1920 – The Greek Army takes control of Silivri after Greece is awarded the city by the Paris Peace Conference; by 1923 Greece effectively lost control to the Turks.
1922 – The League of Nations awards mandates of Togoland to France and Tanganyika to the United Kingdom.
1932 – In the Preußenschlag, German President Hindenburg places Prussia directly under the rule of the national government.
1934 – Labor unrest in the U.S.: Police in Minneapolis fire upon striking truck drivers, during the Minneapolis Teamsters Strike of 1934, killing two and wounding sixty-seven.
1934 – West Coast waterfront strike: In Seattle, police fire tear gas on and club 2,000 striking longshoremen. The governor of Oregon calls out the National Guard to break a strike on the Portland docks.
1935 – Switzerland: A Royal Dutch Airlines plane en route from Milan to Frankfurt crashes into a Swiss mountain, killing thirteen.
1936 – The Montreux Convention is signed in Switzerland, authorizing Turkey to fortify the Dardanelles and Bosphorus but guaranteeing free passage to ships of all nations in peacetime.
1938 – The United States Department of Justice files suit in New York City against the motion picture industry charging violations of the Sherman Antitrust Act in regards to the studio system. The case would eventually result in a break-up of the industry in 1948.
1940 – Denmark leaves the League of Nations.
1940 – California opens its first freeway, the Arroyo Seco Parkway.
1941 – Soviet leader Joseph Stalin consolidates the Commissariats of Home Affairs and National Security to form the NKVD and names Lavrentiy Beria its chief.
1944 – World War II: Adolf Hitler survives an assassination attempt led by German Army Colonel Claus von Stauffenberg.
1949 – The Israel–Syria Mixed Armistice Commission brokers the last of four ceasefire agreements to end the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.
1950 – Cold War: In Philadelphia, Harry Gold pleads guilty to spying for the Soviet Union by passing secrets from atomic scientist Klaus Fuchs.
1950 – After a month-long campaign, the majority of North Korea's Air Force was destroyed by anti-communist forces.^[8]
1951 – King Abdullah I of Jordan is assassinated by a Palestinian while attending Friday prayers in Jerusalem.
1954 – Germany: Otto John, head of West Germany's secret service, defects to East Germany.
1960 – The Polaris missile is successfully launched from a submarine, the USS George Washington, for the first time.
1961 – French military forces break the Tunisian siege of Bizerte.
1964 – Vietnam War: Viet Cong forces attack the capital of Định Tường Province, Cái Bè, killing 11 South Vietnamese military personnel and 40 civilians (30 of whom are children).
1968 – The first International Special Olympics Summer Games are held at Soldier Field in Chicago, with about 1,000 athletes with intellectual disabilities.
1969 – Apollo program: Apollo 11's crew successfully makes the first human landing on the Moon in the Sea of Tranquility. Americans Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin become the first humans to walk on the Moon six and a half hours later.
1969 – A cease fire is announced between Honduras and El Salvador, six days after the beginning of the "Football War".
1974 – Turkish invasion of Cyprus: Forces from Turkey invade Cyprus after a coup d'état, organized by the dictator of Greece, against president Makarios.
1976 – The American Viking 1 lander successfully lands on Mars.^[9]
1977 – The Central Intelligence Agency releases documents under the Freedom of Information Act revealing it had engaged in mind-control experiments.
1977 – The Johnstown flood of 1977 kills 84 people and causes millions of dollars in damages.
1977 – Aeroflot Flight B-2 crashes after takeoff from Vitim Airport in the Sakha Republic, killing 39.^[10]
1981 – Somali Airlines Flight 40 crashes in Balad, Somalia, killing 50 people.^[11]
1982 – Hyde Park and Regent's Park bombings: The Provisional IRA detonates two bombs in Hyde Park and Regent's Park in central London, killing eight soldiers, wounding forty-seven people, and leading to the deaths of seven horses.
1985 – The government of Aruba passes legislation to secede from the Netherlands Antilles.
1989 – Burma's ruling junta puts opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi under house arrest.
1992 – Václav Havel resigns as president of Czechoslovakia.
1992 – A Tupolev Tu-154 crashes during takeoff from Tbilisi International Airport, killing all 24 aboard and four more people on the ground.^[12]
1997 – The fully restored USS Constitution (a.k.a. Old Ironsides) celebrates its 200th birthday by setting sail for the first time in 116 years.
1999 – The Chinese Communist Party begins a persecution campaign against Falun Gong, arresting thousands nationwide.
2005 – The Civil Marriage Act legalizes same-sex marriage in Canada.
2012 – James Holmes opened fire at a movie theater in Aurora, Colorado, killing 12 and injuring 70 others.
2012 – Syrian civil war: The People's Protection Units (YPG) capture the cities of Amuda and Efrîn without resistance.^[13]
2013 – Seventeen government soldiers are killed in an attack by FARC revolutionaries in the Colombian department of Arauca.
2013 – Syrian civil war: The Battle of Ras al-Ayn ends with the expulsion of Islamist forces from the city by the People's Protection Units (YPG).^[14]
2015 – A huge explosion in the mostly Kurdish border town of Suruç, Turkey, targeting the Socialist Youth Associations Federation, kills at least 31 people and injures over 100.
2015 – The United States and Cuba resume full diplomatic relations after five decades.
2017 – O. J. Simpson is granted parole to be released from prison after serving nine years of a 33-year sentence after being convicted of armed robbery in Las Vegas.
2019 – Soyuz MS-13 is launched to the International Space Station on the 50th anniversary of the Apollo 11 moon landing.^[15]
2021 – American businessman Jeff Bezos flies to space aboard New Shepard NS-16 operated by his private spaceflight company Blue Origin.^[16]

Births

Pre-1600

682 – Taichō, Japanese monk and scholar (died 767)
1304 – Petrarch, Italian poet and scholar (died 1374)
1313 – John Tiptoft, 2nd Baron Tibetot (died 1367)
1346 – Margaret, Countess of Pembroke, daughter of King Edward III of England (died 1361)
1470 – John Bourchier, 1st Earl of Bath, English noble (died 1539)
1519 – Pope Innocent IX (died 1591)^[17]
1537 – Arnaud d'Ossat, French cardinal (died 1604)
1583 – Alban Roe, English Benedictine martyr (died 1642)
1591 – Anne Hutchinson, English Puritan preacher (died 1643)
1592 – Johan Björnsson Printz, governor of New Sweden (died 1663)

1601–1900

1601 – Robert Wallop, English politician (died 1667)
1620 – Nikolaes Heinsius the Elder, Dutch poet and scholar (died 1681)
1649 – William Bentinck, 1st Earl of Portland (died 1709)
1754 – Antoine Destutt de Tracy, French philosopher and academic (died 1836)
1757 – Garsevan Chavchavadze, Georgian politician and diplomat (died 1811)
1762 – Jakob Haibel, Austrian tenor and composer (died 1826)
1774 – Auguste de Marmont, French general (died 1852)
1789 – Mahmud II, Ottoman sultan (died 1839)
1804 – Richard Owen, English biologist, anatomist, and paleontologist (died 1892)
1816 – Sir William Bowman, English surgeon, histologist and anatomist. (died 1892)^[18]
1822 – Gregor Mendel, Austro-German monk, geneticist and botanist (died 1884)^[19]
1830 – Clements Markham, English explorer (died 1916)^[20]
1838 – Augustin Daly, American playwright and manager (died 1899)
1838 – William Paine Lord, American lawyer and politician, 9th Governor of Oregon (died 1911)
1838 – Sir George Trevelyan, 2nd Baronet, English civil servant and politician, Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster (died 1928)
1847 – Max Liebermann, German painter and academic (died 1935)
1849 – Robert Anderson Van Wyck, American lawyer and politician, 91st Mayor of New York City (died 1918)
1852 – Theo Heemskerk, Dutch lawyer and politician, Prime Minister of the Netherlands (died 1932)
1854 – Philomène Belliveau, Canadian artist (died 1940)
1864 – Erik Axel Karlfeldt, Swedish poet, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1931)
1864 – Ruggero Oddi, Italian physiologist and anatomist (died 1913)
1868 – Miron Cristea, Romanian cleric and politician, 38th Prime Minister of Romania (died 1939)
1873 – Alberto Santos-Dumont, Brazilian pilot (died 1932)
1876 – Otto Blumenthal, German mathematician and academic (died 1944)
1877 – Tom Crean, Irish sailor and explorer (died 1938)
1882 – Olga Hahn-Neurath, Austrian mathematician and philosopher (died 1937)
1889 – John Reith, 1st Baron Reith, Scottish broadcaster, co-founded BBC (died 1971)^[21]
1890 – Verna Felton, American actress (died 1966)
1890 – Julie Vinter Hansen, Danish-Swiss astronomer and academic (died 1960)
1890 – Giorgio Morandi, Italian painter (died 1964)
1893 – George Llewelyn Davies, English soldier (died 1915)
1895 – László Moholy-Nagy, Hungarian painter, photographer, and sculptor (died 1946)
1897 – Tadeusz Reichstein, Polish-Swiss chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1996)
1900 – Maurice Leyland, English cricketer and coach (died 1967)

1901–present

1901 – Vehbi Koç, Turkish businessman and philanthropist, founded Koç Holding (died 1996)
1901 – Eugenio Lopez Sr., Filipino businessman and founder of the Lopez Group of Companies (died 1975)
1901 – Heinie Manush, American baseball player and manager (died 1971)^[22]
1901 – Ida Mett, Belarusian Jewish anarchist (died 1973)^[23]
1902 – Leonidas Berry, American gastroenterologist (died 1995)
1905 – Joseph Levis, American foil fencer (died 2005)
1909 – Eric Rowan, South African cricketer (died 1993)
1910 – Vilém Tauský, Czech-English conductor and composer (died 2004)
1911 – Baqa Jilani, Indian cricketer (died 1941)
1911 – José Zabala-Santos, Filipino author and illustrator (died 1985)
1911 – Loda Halama, Polish dancer and actress (died 1996)
1912 – John Vivian Dacie, English haematologist (discovered haemophilia B) (died 2005)^[24]
1912 – George Johnston, Australian journalist and author (died 1970)
1914 – Dobri Dobrev, Bulgarian philanthropist (died 2018)
1914 – Charilaos Florakis, Greek politician (died 2005)
1914 – Ersilio Tonini, Italian cardinal (died 2013)
1918 – Cindy Walker, American singer-songwriter and dancer (died 2006)
1919 – Edmund Hillary, New Zealand mountaineer and explorer (died 2008)^[25]
1919 – Jacquemine Charrott Lodwidge, English writer (died 2012)
1920 – Elliot Richardson, American lieutenant and politician, 11th United States Secretary of Defense (died 1999)
1921 – Henri Alleg, English-French journalist and author (died 2013)
1922 – Alan Stephenson Boyd, American lawyer and politician, 1st United States Secretary of Transportation (died 2020)
1923 – Stanisław Albinowski, Polish economist and journalist (died 2005)
1924 – Lola Albright, American actress and singer (died 2017)
1924 – Thomas Berger, American author and playwright (died 2014)
1924 – Mort Garson, Canadian-American songwriter and composer (died 2008)
1924 – Robert D. Maurer, American scientist and co-inventor of optical fiber (died 2025)^[26]
1925 – Jacques Delors, French economist and politician, 8th President of the European Commission (died 2023)
1925 – Frantz Fanon, French–Algerian psychiatrist and philosopher (died 1961)
1927 – Barbara Bergmann, American economist and academic (died 2015)
1927 – Heather Chasen, English actress (died 2020)
1927 – Michael Gielen, Austrian conductor and composer (died 2019)
1927 – Ian P. Howard, English-Canadian psychologist and academic (died 2013)
1928 – Józef Czyrek, Polish economist and politician, Polish Minister of Foreign Affairs (died 2013)
1928 – Belaid Abdessalam, Prime Minister of Algeria (died 2020)
1929 – Hazel Hawke, Australian social worker and pianist, 23rd Spouse of the Prime Minister of Australia (died 2013)
1929 – Mike Ilitch, American businessman, founded Little Caesars (died 2017)
1929 – Rajendra Kumar, Pakistani-Indian actor and producer (died 1999)
1929 – David Tonkin, Australian politician, 38th Premier of South Australia (died 2000)
1930 – Chuck Daly, American basketball player and coach (died 2009)
1930 – William H. Goetzmann, American historian and author (died 2010)
1930 – Sally Ann Howes, English-American singer and actress (died 2021)^[27]
1931 – Shakuntala Karandikar, Indian biographer, essayist and philanthropist (died 2018)^[28]^[29]
1931 – Tony Marsh, English race car driver (died 2009)
1932 – Nam June Paik, American artist (died 2006)^[30]
1932 – Otto Schily, German lawyer and politician, German Minister of the Interior
1933 – Buddy Knox, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 1999)
1933 – Cormac McCarthy, American novelist, playwright, and screenwriter (died 2023)^[31]
1933 – Rex Williams, English snooker player
1935 – Peter Palumbo, Baron Palumbo, English businessman and art collector
1936 – Alistair MacLeod, Canadian novelist and short story writer (died 2014)
1936 – Barbara Mikulski, American social worker and politician
1938 – Deniz Baykal, Turkish lawyer and politician, Deputy Prime Minister of Turkey (died 2023)
1938 – Roger Hunt, English footballer (died 2021)
1938 – Tony Oliva, Cuban-American baseball player and coach^[32]
1938 – Diana Rigg, English actress (died 2020)^[33]
1938 – Natalie Wood, American actress (died 1981)^[34]
1939 – Judy Chicago, American feminist artist^[35]
1940 – Tony Allen, Nigerian drummer who pioneered Afrobeat sound (died 2020)^[36]
1941 – Don Chuy, American football player (died 2014)
1941 – Periklis Korovesis, Greek author and journalist (died 2020)
1941 – Kurt Raab, German actor, screenwriter, and production designer (died 1988)
1942 – Pete Hamilton, American race car driver (died 2017)
1942 – Mickey Stanley, American baseball player^[37]
1943 – Chris Amon, New Zealand race car driver (died 2016)
1943 – John Lodge, English singer-songwriter, bass player, and producer (died 2025)^[38]
1943 – Bob McNab, English footballer
1943 – Adrian Păunescu, Romanian poet, journalist, and politician (died 2010)
1943 – Wendy Richard, English actress (died 2009)
1944 – Mel Daniels, American basketball player and coach (died 2015)^[39]
1944 – W. Cary Edwards, American politician (died 2010)
1944 – Olivier de Kersauson, French sailor
1944 – T. G. Sheppard, American country music singer-songwriter
1945 – Charles Bowden, American non-fiction author, journalist and essayist (died 2014)^[40]
1945 – Kim Carnes, American singer-songwriter^[41]
1945 – Larry Craig, American soldier and politician
1945 – Bo Rein, American football player and coach (died 1980)
1946 – Randal Kleiser, American actor, director, and producer
1947 – Gerd Binnig, German physicist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate
1947 – Carlos Santana, Mexican-American singer-songwriter and guitarist^[42]
1948 – Muse Watson, American actor and producer
1948 – Francis Billy Hilly, Solomon Islands politician (died 2025)^[43]
1950 – Edward Leigh, English lawyer and politician
1950 – Lucille Lemay, Canadian archer^[44]
1951 – Jeff Rawle, English actor and screenwriter
1952 – Jay Jay French, American guitarist^[45]
1953 – Dave Evans, Welsh-Australian singer-songwriter
1953 – Thomas Friedman, American journalist and author
1953 – Marcia Hines, American-Australian singer and actress
1954 – Moira Harris, American actress
1955 – Desmond Douglas, Jamaican-English table tennis player
1955 – René-Daniel Dubois, Canadian actor and playwright
1955 – Jem Finer, English banjo player and songwriter
1956 – Paul Cook, English drummer^[46]
1956 – Thomas N'Kono, Cameroonian footballer
1956 – Jim Prentice, Canadian lawyer and politician, 16th Premier of Alberta (died 2016)
1958 – Mick MacNeil, Scottish keyboard player and songwriter^[47]
1958 – Billy Mays, American salesman (died 2009)^[48]
1959 – Radney Foster, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
1960 – Claudio Langes, Italian race car driver
1960 – Prvoslav Vujčić, Serbian-Canadian poet and philosopher
1960 – Sudesh Berry, Indian actor
1960 – Mike Witt, American baseball player^[49]
1961 – Óscar Elías Biscet, Cuban physician and activist, founded the Lawton Foundation
1962 – Carlos Alazraqui, American actor, producer, and screenwriter
1962 – Giovanna Amati, Italian race car driver
1962 – Julie Bindel, English journalist, author, and academic
1963 – Frank Whaley, American actor, director, and screenwriter
1964 – Chris Cornell, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (died 2017)^[50]
1964 – Terri Irwin, American-Australian zoologist and author
1964 – Sebastiano Rossi, Italian footballer
1964 – Bernd Schneider, German race car driver
1964 – Murray Craven, Canadian ice hockey player^[51]
1964 – Dean Winters, American actor^[52]
1965 – Jess Walter, American journalist and author
1966 – Anton Du Beke, English dancer and presenter^[53]
1966 – Stone Gossard, American singer-songwriter and guitarist^[54]
1966 – Enrique Peña Nieto, Mexican lawyer and politician, 57th President of Mexico^[55]
1967 – Courtney Taylor-Taylor, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
1968 – Jimmy Carson, American ice hockey player^[56]
1968 – Hami Mandıralı, Turkish footballer and manager
1968 – Kool G Rap, American hip-hop artist
1969 – Josh Holloway, American actor^[57]
1969 – Kreso Kovacec, Croatian-German footballer
1969 – Giovanni Lombardi, Italian cyclist
1969 – Joon Park, South Korean-American singer
1969 – Tobi Vail, American singer and guitarist
1969 – Vitamin C, American singer-songwriter
1971 – Charles Johnson, American baseball player^[58]
1971 – Sandra Oh, Canadian actress^[59]
1971 – DJ Screw, American hip hop DJ (died 2000)^[60]
1972 – Jamie Ainscough, Australian rugby league player
1972 – Jozef Stümpel, Slovak ice hockey player^[61]
1972 – Erik Ullenhag, Swedish jurist and politician
1973 – Omar Epps, American actor^[62]
1973 – Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway^[63]
1973 – Peter Forsberg, Swedish ice hockey player and manager^[64]
1973 – Nixon McLean, Caribbean cricketer
1973 – Roberto Orci, Mexican-American screenwriter and producer (died 2025)^[65]
1973 – Claudio Reyna, American soccer player
1974 – Monica Nielsen, Norwegian politician^[66]
1974 – Bengie Molina, Puerto Rican baseball player^[67]
1974 – Simon Rex, American actor and rapper^[68]
1975 – Ray Allen, American basketball player and actor^[69]
1975 – Judy Greer, American actress and producer^[70]
1975 – Erik Hagen, Norwegian footballer
1975 – Birgitta Ohlsson, Swedish journalist and politician, 5th Swedish Minister for European Union Affairs
1975 – Jason Raize, American singer and actor (died 2004)
1975 – Yusuf Şimşek, Turkish footballer and manager
1976 – Erica Hill, American journalist
1976 – Debashish Mohanty, Indian cricketer and coach
1976 – Andrew Stockdale, Australian singer-songwriter and guitarist
1976 – Alex Yoong, Malaysian race car driver^[71]
1977 – Kiki Musampa, Congolese footballer
1977 – Yves Niaré, French shot putter (died 2012)^[72]
1977 – Alessandro Santos, Brazilian-Japanese footballer
1978 – Pavel Datsyuk, Russian ice hockey player^[73]
1978 – Will Solomon, American basketball player^[74]
1978 – Elliott Yamin, American singer-songwriter
1978 – Ieva Zunda, Latvian runner and hurdler^[75]
1979 – Miklós Fehér, Hungarian footballer (died 2004)
1979 – Charlotte Hatherley, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
1979 – David Ortega, Spanish swimmer^[76]
1980 – Tesfaye Bramble, English-Montserratian footballer
1980 – Gisele Bündchen, Brazilian model, fashionista, and businesswoman^[77]
1981 – Viktoria Ladõnskaja, Estonian journalist and politician
1982 – Antoine Vermette, Canadian ice hockey player^[78]
1984 – Alexi Casilla, Dominican baseball player^[79]
1984 – Matt Gilroy, American ice hockey player^[80]
1985 – John Francis Daley, American actor and screenwriter^[81]
1985 – Harley Morenstein, Canadian actor and YouTube personality^[82]
1985 – David Mundy, Australian footballer
1986 – Osric Chau, Canadian actor, director, producer, and screenwriter^[83]
1987 – Nicola Benedetti, Scottish violinist^[84]
1987 – Niall McGinn, Irish footballer
1988 – Julianne Hough, American singer-songwriter, actress, and dancer^[85]
1988 – Stephen Strasburg, American baseball player^[86]
1988 – Shahram Mahmoudi, Iranian volleyball player
1988 – Sami Whitcomb, American-Australian basketball player^[87]
1989 – Javier Cortés, Mexican footballer
1989 – Cristian Pasquato, Italian footballer
1990 – Lars Unnerstall, German footballer
1991 – Chiyoshōma Fujio, Mongolian sumo wrestler
1991 – Ryan James, Australian rugby league player
1991 – Kira Kazantsev, Miss America 2015
1991 – Philipp Reiter, German mountaineer and runner
1991 – Tawan Vihokratana, Thai actor, host, and model^[88]
1991 – Andrew Shaw, Canadian ice hockey player^[89]
1991 – Alec Burks, American basketball player^[90]
1991 – Dwight Powell, Canadian basketball player^[91]
1993 – Steven Adams, New Zealand basketball player^[92]
1993 – Nick Cousins, Canadian ice hockey player^[93]
1993 – Alycia Debnam-Carey, Australian actress^[94]
1994 – Maia Shibutani, American ice dancer^[95]
1995 – Moses Leota, New Zealand rugby league player^[96]
1996 – Ben Simmons, Australian basketball player^[97]
1998 – Morgan Geekie, Canadian ice hockey player^[98]
1999 – Pop Smoke, American rapper and singer (died 2020)
1999 – Goga Bitadze, Georgian basketball player^[99]
2001 – Álex Baena, Spanish footballer^[100]

Deaths

Pre-1600

518 – Amantius, Byzantine grand chamberlain and Monophysite martyr
833 – Ansegisus, Frankish abbot and saint
985 – Boniface VII, antipope of Rome^[101]
1031 – Robert II, king of France (born 972)
1128 – Al-Ma'mun al-Bata'ihi, Fatimid vizier (born c. 1086)^[102]
1156 – Toba, emperor of Japan (born 1103)
1320 – Oshin, king of Armenia (born 1282)
1332 – Thomas Randolph, 1st Earl of Moray, regent of Scotland
1387 – Robert IV, French nobleman (born 1356)
1398 – Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March, Welsh nobleman (born 1374)
1405 – Alexander Stewart, Earl of Buchan, fourth son of King Robert II of Scotland (approximate, b. 1343)^[103]
1453 – Enguerrand de Monstrelet, French historian and author (born 1400)
1454 – John II, king of Castile and León (born 1405)
1514 – György Dózsa, Transylvanian peasant revolt leader (born 1470)
1524 – Claude, queen consort of France (born 1499)
1526 – García Jofre de Loaísa, Spanish explorer (born 1490)
1600 – William More, English courtier (born 1520)

1601–1900

1616 – Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone, Irish nobleman and rebel soldier (born 1550)
1704 – Peregrine White, English-American farmer and soldier (born 1620)
1752 – Johann Christoph Pepusch, German-English composer and theorist (born 1667)
1798 – Anna Gardie, French-American dancer and actress (born c. 1760)^[104]
1816 – Gavrila Derzhavin, Russian poet and politician (born 1743)
1866 – Bernhard Riemann, German mathematician and academic (born 1826)
1897 – Jean Ingelow, English poet and author (born 1820)^[105]

1901–present

1901 – William Cosmo Monkhouse, English poet and critic (born 1840)
1903 – Leo XIII, pope of the Catholic Church (born 1810)
1908 – Demetrius Vikelas, Greek businessman and author, first IOC president (born 1835)
1908 – Karl Bernhard Zoeppritz, German geophysicist and seismologist (born 1881)
1910 – Anderson Dawson, Australian politician, 14th Premier of Queensland (born 1863)
1917 – Ignaz Sowinski, Galician architect (born 1858)^[106]
1922 – Andrey Markov, Russian mathematician and theorist (born 1856)
1923 – Pancho Villa, Mexican general and politician, Governor of Chihuahua (born 1878)
1926 – Felix Dzerzhinsky, Soviet educator and politician of Belarusian origin (born 1877)
1927 – Ferdinand I, king of Romania (born 1865)
1928 – Kostas Karyotakis, Greek poet and author (born 1896)
1932 – René Bazin, French author and academic (born 1853)
1937 – Olga Hahn-Neurath, Austrian mathematician and philosopher from the Vienna Circle (born 1882)
1937 – Guglielmo Marconi, Italian physicist and engineer, Nobel Prize laureate (born 1874)
1941 – Lew Fields, American actor and producer (born 1867)
1944 – Ludwig Beck, German general (born 1880)
1944 – Mildred Harris, American actress (born 1901)^[107]
1945 – Paul Valéry, French author and poet (born 1871)
1951 – Abdullah I, king of Jordan (born 1882)
1953 – Dumarsais Estimé, Haitian lawyer and politician, 33rd President of Haiti (born 1900)
1953 – Jan Struther, English author and hymn-writer (born 1901)
1955 – Calouste Gulbenkian, Armenian businessman and philanthropist (born 1869)
1956 – James Alexander Calder, Canadian educator and politician, Canadian Minister of Militia and Defence (born 1868)
1959 – William D. Leahy, American admiral and diplomat, United States Ambassador to France (born 1875)
1965 – Batukeshwar Dutt, Indian activist (born 1910)
1968 – Bray Hammond, American historian and author (born 1886)
1970 – Iain Macleod, English journalist and politician, Chancellor of the Exchequer (born 1913)
1972 – Geeta Dutt, Indian singer and actress (born 1930)
1973 – Bruce Lee, American actor and martial artist (born 1940)
1973 – Robert Smithson, American photographer and sculptor (born 1938)
1974 – Allen Jenkins, American actor and singer (born 1900)
1974 – Kamal Dasgupta, Bengali music director, composer and folk artist. (born 1912)
1976 – Joseph Rochefort, American captain and cryptanalyst (born 1900)
1977 – Gary Kellgren, American record producer, co-founded Record Plant (born 1939)
1980 – Maria Martinez, San Ildefonso Pueblo (Native American) potter (born 1887)
1981 – Kostas Choumis, Greek-Romanian footballer (born 1913)
1983 – Frank Reynolds, American soldier and journalist (born 1923)
1987 – Richard Egan, American soldier and actor (born 1921)
1989 – Forrest H. Anderson, American judge and politician, 17th Governor of Montana (born 1913)
1990 – Herbert Turner Jenkins, American police officer (born 1907)
1992 – Bruce Conde, American US army officer, stamp collector, and royalist mercenary general in the North Yemen civil war.^[108]
1993 – Vince Foster, American lawyer and political figure (born 1945)
1994 – Paul Delvaux, Belgian painter (born 1897)
1997 – M. E. H. Maharoof, Sri Lankan politician (born 1939)
1998 – June Byers, American wrestler (born 1922)
1999 – Sandra Gould, American actress (born 1916)
2002 – Michalis Kritikopoulos, Greek footballer (born 1946)
2003 – Nicolas Freeling, English author (born 1927)
2004 – Lala Mara, Fijian politician (born 1931)
2004 – Valdemaras Martinkėnas, Lithuanian footballer and coach (born 1965)
2005 – James Doohan, Canadian-American actor (born 1920)
2005 – Finn Gustavsen, Norwegian journalist and politician (born 1926)
2005 – Kayo Hatta, American director and cinematographer (born 1958)
2006 – Ted Grant, South African-English theorist and activist (born 1913)
2006 – Gérard Oury, French actor, director, and producer (born 1919)
2007 – Tammy Faye Messner, American Christian evangelist and talk show host (born 1942)
2008 – Artie Traum, American guitarist, songwriter, and producer (born 1943)
2008 – Dinko Šakić, Croatian concentration camp commander (born 1921)^[109]
2009 – Vedat Okyar, Turkish footballer (born 1945)
2009 – Mark Rosenzweig, American psychologist and academic (born 1922)
2011 – Lucian Freud, German-English painter and illustrator (born 1922)
2012 – Alastair Burnet, English journalist (born 1928)
2012 – Jack Davis, American hurdler (born 1930)
2012 – José Hermano Saraiva, Portuguese historian, jurist, and politician, Portuguese Minister of Education (born 1919)
2013 – Pierre Fabre, French pharmacist and businessman, founded Laboratoires Pierre Fabre (born 1926)
2013 – Khurshed Alam Khan, Indian politician, 2nd Governor of Goa (born 1919)
2013 – Augustus Rowe, Canadian physician and politician (born 1920)
2013 – Helen Thomas, American journalist and author (born 1920)^[110]
2014 – Victor G. Atiyeh, American businessman and politician, 32nd Governor of Oregon (born 1923)
2014 – Constantin Lucaci, Romanian sculptor and educator (born 1923)
2014 – Bob McNamara, American football player (born 1931)
2014 – Klaus Schmidt, German archaeologist and academic (born 1953)
2015 – Wayne Carson, American singer-songwriter and producer (born 1943)
2015 – Fred Else, English footballer and manager (born 1933)
2015 – Dieter Moebius, Swiss-German keyboard player and producer (born 1944)
2016 – Radu Beligan, Romanian actor, director, and essayist (born 1918)
2017 – Chester Bennington, American singer (born 1976)
2020 – Michael Brooks, political commentator (born 1983)^[111]
2024 – Jerry Miller, American songwriter, guitarist and vocalist (born 1943)^[112]
2024 – Jill Schary Robinson, American novelist (born 1936)^[113]
2025 – Malcolm-Jamal Warner, American actor (born 1970)^[114]

Holidays and observances

Birthday of Crown Prince Haakon Magnus (Norway)
Christian feast day:
Día del Amigo (Argentina, Brazil)
Engineer's Day (Costa Rica)
Independence Day, celebrates the independence declaration of Colombia from Spain in 1810.
International Chess Day
Lempira Day (Honduras)

References

↑ A Chronology of the Byzantine Empire. Basingstoke [England] ; New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 2006. p. 90. ISBN 978-1-4039-1774-4.
↑ A.H. Virkkunen (1953). Oulun kaupungin historia I (in Finnish). Kirjola Oy. pp. 130–131.
↑ Aimo Halila (1953). Oulun kaupungin historia II (in Finnish). Kirjola Oy. p. 71.
↑ Chasiotis, Ioannis (1975). "Η κάμψη της Οθωμανικής δυνάμεως" [The decline of Ottoman power]. Ιστορία του Ελληνικού Έθνους, Τόμος ΙΑ′: Ο ελληνισμός υπό ξένη κυριαρχία, 1669–1821 [History of the Greek Nation, Volume XI: Hellenism under foreign rule, 1669–1821] (in Greek). Athens: Ekdotiki Athinon. pp. 8–51.
↑ H. Weld Blundell, The Royal chronicle of Abyssinia, 1769–1840 (Cambridge: University Press, 1922), p. 334
↑ "Treaty with the Senecas, Shawnees and Wyandots (1831) - Ohio History Central". www.ohiohistorycentral.org. Retrieved 2018-11-04.
↑ Kananen, Anitta (March 2006). "Suomi valitsi maailman ensimmäiset naiskansanedustajat" (in Finnish). University of Jyväskylä. Archived from the original on 2013-12-03. Retrieved July 15, 2021.
↑ Futrell, Robert F. (1997), The United States Air Force in Korea, 1950–1953, Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, p. 101, ISBN 978-0-16-048879-5
↑ Lang, Kenneth R. (3 March 2011). The Cambridge Guide to the Solar System. Cambridge University Press. p. 255. ISBN 978-1-139-49417-5.
↑ "Катастрофа Ил-14М Иркутского ОАО ВС УГА в а/п Витим" [Disaster of Il-14M of Irkutsk Open Society of Armed Forces of the UGA in Vitim]. airdisaster.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2018-08-12.
↑ "Accident Fokker F-27 Friendship 600RF 6O-SAY, Monday 20 July 1981". Aviation Safety Network. Flight Safety Foundation. Archived from the original on 26 February 2021. Retrieved 2021-04-26.
↑ "Accident description". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 11 May 2024.
↑ "More Kurdish Cities Liberated As Syrian Army Withdraws from Area". Rudaw. 20 July 2012. Archived from the original on 21 July 2012. Retrieved 27 July 2012.
↑ Lister, Charles R. (2015). The Syrian Jihad: Al-Qaeda, the Islamic State and the Evolution of an Insurgency. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 96–97. ISBN 9780190462475.
↑ "Spaceflight mission report Soyuz MS-13". spacefacts.de. Retrieved 2019-01-15.
↑ "Jeff Bezos blasts into space on own rocket: 'Best day ever!'". Associated Press. 20 July 2021.
↑ "Innocent IX | pope". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
↑ "No. 25305". The London Gazette. 4 January 1884. p. 78.
↑ "Gregor Mendel". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2026-07-16. Retrieved 2026-07-17.
↑ Markham, A. H. (1917). "Childhood and school-days". The Life of Sir Clements R. Markham, K.C.B., F.R.S. London: John Murray. He was the son of William Markham, of Becca Hall, Aberford, and the grandson of Dr. William Markham, who was Archbishop of York from 1777 to 1807.
↑ "John Charles Walsham Reith, 1st Baron Reith". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2026-07-16. Retrieved 2026-07-17.
↑ "Heinie Manush". Major League Baseball. Retrieved 2026-07-17.
↑ Boulouque, Sylvain (2001). "Ida Gilman, dite Mett, médecin et anarchiste (Smorgone, Russie, 20 juillet 1901 – Paris, 27 juin 1973)" [Ida Gilman, known as Mett, doctor and anarchist (Smorgon, Russia, 20 July 1901 - Paris, 27 June 1973)]. Archives Juives (in French). 34 (2): 126–127. doi:10.3917/aj.342.0126. ISSN 0003-9837. OCLC 710968410.
↑ Lewis, M.; Mollison, P.; Weatherall, D. (2006). "Sir John Vivian Dacie. 20 July 1912 -- 12 February 2005: Elected FRS 1967". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 52: 67–82. doi:10.1098/rsbm.2006.0006. PMID 18543470.
↑ "Famous birthdays for July 20". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-17. Explorer Edmund Hillary in 1919
↑ "Robert Maurer". Optica. 2025-09-09. Retrieved 2026-07-18.
↑ McFadden, Robert D. (22 December 2021). "Sally Ann Howes, Star of 'Chitty Chitty Bang Bang,' Dies at 91". The New York Times. Retrieved 22 December 2021.
↑ Ranade, Sadashiv (1974). "मांगदरी घराणा" [The House of Mangdari]. चितपावन कौशिक गोत्री आगाशे कुलवृत्तांत [Genealogy of the Chitpavan Agashe Family belonging to the Kaushik Gotra] (Kulavruttanta) (in Marathi). Pustake miḷaṇyāce ṭhikāṇa. p. 61. LCCN 74903020. OCLC 20388396 – via University of Michigan.
↑ Agashe, Trupti; Agashe, Gopal. (2006). "मांगदरी घराणा" [The House of Mangdari]. In Wad, Mugdha (ed.). आगाशे कुलवृत्तांत [Genealogy of the Agashe Family] (Kulavruttanta) (in Marathi) (2nd ed.). Hyderabad: Surbhi Graphics. p. 62. ISBN 978-1-5323-4500-5 – via Google Books.
↑ "Famous birthdays for July 20". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-17. Artist Nam June Paik in 1932
↑ "Famous birthdays for July 20". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-17. Writer Cormac McCarthy in 1933
↑ "Tony Oliva". Major League Baseball. Retrieved 2026-07-17.
↑ "Obituary: Dame Diana Rigg". BBC News. 10 September 2020. Retrieved 10 September 2020.
↑ "Famous birthdays for July 20". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-17. Actor Natalie Wood in 1938
↑ "Judy Chicago". Britannica Presents 100 Women Trailblazers. 26 February 2020. Retrieved 26 July 2021.
↑ West, Michael J. (2024-06-16). "Tony Allen 1940–2020". JazzTimes. Retrieved 2026-07-18.
↑ "Mickey Stanley". Major League Baseball. Retrieved 2026-07-17.
↑ "Famous birthdays for July 20". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-17. Musician John Lodge (Moody Blues) in 1943
↑ "Mel Daniels". NBA. Retrieved 2026-07-17.
↑ Library of Congress Name Authority File
↑ "Famous birthdays for July 20". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-17. Musician Kim Carnes in 1945
↑ "Famous birthdays for July 20". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-17. Musician Carlos Santana in 1947
↑ Former Solomon Islands PM Sir Francis Hilly dies
↑ "Lucille LEMAY - Olympic Archery | Canada". International Olympic Committee. 15 June 2016. Retrieved 10 January 2020.
↑ "Famous birthdays for July 20". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-17. Musician Jay Jay French (Twisted Sister) in 1952
↑ "Famous birthdays for July 20". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-17. Musician Paul Cook (Sex Pistols) in 1956
↑ "Famous birthdays for July 20". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-17. Musician Mick MacNeil (Simple Minds) in 1958
↑ Fausset, Richard (29 June 2009). "Billy Mays dies at 50; boisterous TV pitchman". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
↑ "Mike Witt". Major League Baseball. Retrieved 2026-07-17.
↑ "Famous birthdays for July 20". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-17. Musician Chris Cornell (Soundgarden/Audioslave/Temple of the Dog) in 1964
↑ "Murray Craven". National Hockey League. Retrieved 2026-07-17.
↑ "Famous birthdays for July 20". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-17. Actor Dean Winters in 1964
↑ "How old is Strictly professional Anton du Beke and how long has he been on the show?". Heart Radio. 22 September 2019. Retrieved 11 October 2022.
↑ "Famous birthdays for July 20". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-17. Musician Stone Gossard (Pearl Jam) in 1966
↑ "Enrique Peña Nieto" (in Spanish). Busca Biografias. Retrieved May 30, 2019.
↑ "Jimmy Carson". National Hockey League. Retrieved 2026-07-17.
↑ "Famous birthdays for July 20". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-17. Actor Josh Holloway in 1969
↑ "Charles Johnson". Major League Baseball. Retrieved 2026-07-17.
↑ "Famous birthdays for July 20". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-17. Actor Sandra Oh in 1971
↑ DJ Screw at AllMusic. Retrieved 3 December 2025.
↑ "Jozef Stumpel". National Hockey League. Retrieved 2026-07-17.
↑ "Famous birthdays for July 20". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-17. Actor Omar Epps in 1973
↑ "The Biography of Crown Prince Haakon". The Royal House of Norway. Retrieved 2026-07-17.
↑ "Peter Forsberg". National Hockey League. Retrieved 2026-07-17.
↑ Andreeva, Nellie (February 25, 2025). "Roberto Orci Dies: 'Star Trek', 'Transformers' & 'Hawaii Five-0' Writer-Producer Was 51". Deadline. Retrieved March 1, 2025.
↑ "Representanter og komiteer: Representant - Nielsen, Monica (1974-)" (in Norwegian). Oslo, Norway: Storting. Retrieved 18 October 2025.
↑ "Bengie Molina". Major League Baseball. Retrieved 2026-07-17.
↑ "Famous birthdays for July 20". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-17. Actor Simon Rex in 1974
↑ "Ray Allen". NBA. Retrieved 2026-07-17.
↑ "Famous birthdays for July 20". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-17. Actor Judy Greer in 1975
↑ "Alex Yoong". W Racing Team. Retrieved 2026-07-17.
↑ "Yves Niaré". Olympedia. Retrieved 2026-07-17.
↑ "Pavel Datsyuk". National Hockey League. Retrieved 2026-07-17.
↑ "Will Solomon". NBA. Retrieved 2026-07-17.
↑ "Ieva Zunda". Olympedia. Retrieved 2026-07-17.
↑ "David Ortega". Olympedia. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
↑ "Famous birthdays for July 20". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-17. Model Gisele Bundchen in 1980
↑ "Antoine Vermette". National Hockey League. Retrieved 24 January 2021.
↑ "Alexi Casilla". Major League Baseball. Retrieved 2026-07-17.
↑ "Matt Gilroy". National Hockey League. Retrieved 2026-07-17.
↑ "Famous birthdays for July 20". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-17. Actor/filmmaker John Francis Daley in 1985
↑ Harley Morenstein (2016-07-20). MY BIRTHDAY VLOG!!! (YouTube video). Archived from the original on 2021-11-18. Retrieved 2020-02-29. What's up, guys, July 20th, so it's my birthday, uh, I'm now 31 years old.
↑ "Famous birthdays for July 20". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-17. Actor Osric Chau in 1986
↑ "Benedetti is youngest new entry in Who's Who book". www.scotsman.com. 2 December 2013. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
↑ "Famous birthdays for July 20". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-17. Dancer Julianne Hough in 1988
↑ "Stephen Strasburg". Major League Baseball. Retrieved 2026-07-17.
↑ "Sami Whitcomb". WNBA. Retrieved 2026-07-17.
↑ "ประวัติ "เต ตะวัน" หนุ่มรักการถ่ายภาพ เด็กกิจกรรมจากรั้วจุฬาฯ" (in Thai). Sanook.com. 19 July 2021. Retrieved 21 July 2021.
↑ "Andrew Shaw". National Hockey League. Retrieved 2026-07-17.
↑ "Alec Burks". NBA. Retrieved 2026-07-17.
↑ "Dwight Powell". NBA. Retrieved 2026-07-17.
↑ "10 Things to Know about Steven Adams". www.penguin.co.nz. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
↑ "Nick Cousins". National Hockey League. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
↑ "Famous birthdays for July 20". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-17. Actor Alycia Debnam-Carey in 1993
↑ "Maia Shibutani". Olympedia. Retrieved 2026-07-17.
↑ "Moses Leota". National Rugby League. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
↑ "Ben Simmons hears the talk, but his process is not a public experiment". ESPN.com. 21 April 2020. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
↑ "Morgan Geekie". National Hockey League. Retrieved 2026-07-17.
↑ "Goga Bitadze". NBA. Retrieved 2026-07-17.
↑ "Men's Olympic Football Tournament Paris 2024: Spain (ESP)" (PDF). FIFA. 27 July 2024. p. 13. Retrieved 16 December 2025.
↑ "Boniface VII". Oxford Reference. Retrieved 2 January 2022.
↑ Halm, Heinz (2014). Kalifen und Assassinen: Ägypten und der vordere Orient zur Zeit der ersten Kreuzzüge, 1074–1171 [Caliphs and Assassins: Egypt and the Near East at the Time of the First Crusades, 1074–1171] (in German). Munich: C. H. Beck. p. 165. doi:10.17104/9783406661648-1. ISBN 978-3-406-66163-1.
↑ Grant, Alexander. "Stewart, Alexander, first earl of Buchan (c. 1345 – 1405)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/26451. (Subscription, Wikipedia Library access or UK public library membership required.)
↑ Reed, Peter P. (2016). "The Life and Death of Anna Gardie: American Theater, Refugee Dramas, and the Specter of Haitian Revolution". Early American Literature. 51 (3): 624.
↑ Shattock, Joanne (1993). The Oxford Guide to British Women Writers. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 225. ISBN 978-0-19214-176-7.
↑ "Ignaz Stanislaus Sowinski" (in German). Architekturzentrum Wien. Retrieved Nov 30, 2020.
↑ "Mildred Harris Dies In West". St. Petersburg Times. Associated Press. July 21, 1944. Retrieved 2021-11-29. ... actress in the silent film days, and first wife of Comedian Charles Spencer Chaplin, died yesterday of pneumonia which followed a major abdominal operation....
↑ "Obituary: Bruce Conde". The Independent. 1992-08-04. Retrieved 2025-05-04.
↑ Martin, Douglas (23 July 2008). "Dinko Sakic, Who Led WWII Death Camp, Dies at 86". The New York Times.
↑ "Helen Thomas Fast Facts". CNN. 5 May 2017. Retrieved 31 July 2020.
↑ Sunkara, Bhaskar (July 20, 2020). "Remembering Our Friend and Comrade Michael Brooks". Jacobin. Retrieved July 20, 2020.
↑ Haring, Bruce (2024-07-21). "Jerry Miller Dies: Moby Grape Cofounder Voted One Of Rock's Guitar Greats Was 81". Deadline. Retrieved 2024-07-23.
↑ Hayes, Dade (2024-07-22). "Jill Schary Robinson Dies: Journalist And Author Who Was Mother Of UTA CEO Jeremy Zimmer, Daughter Of MGM Production Chief Was 88". Deadline. Retrieved 2024-07-23.
↑ Tsioulcas, Anastasia (July 21, 2025). "Actor Malcolm-Jamal Warner, 'Cosby Show' star, has died at the age of 54". NPR. Retrieved July 22, 2025.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Martyrologium Romanum. Vatican: Libreria Editrice Vaticana. 2004. pp. 401–403. Retrieved 19 June 2026.
↑ "Don Beotti beato: un innamorato della fraternità universale". ilnuovogiornale.it. Retrieved 2024-05-26.

External links

"On This Day". BBC.
The New York Times: On This Day (subscription required)
"Historical Events on July 20". OnThisDay.com.

[1] A Chronology of the Byzantine Empire. Basingstoke [England] ; New York: Palgrave Macmillan. 2006. p. 90. ISBN 978-1-4039-1774-4.

[2] A.H. Virkkunen (1953). Oulun kaupungin historia I (in Finnish). Kirjola Oy. pp. 130–131.

[3] Aimo Halila (1953). Oulun kaupungin historia II (in Finnish). Kirjola Oy. p. 71.

[4] Chasiotis, Ioannis (1975). "Η κάμψη της Οθωμανικής δυνάμεως" [The decline of Ottoman power]. Ιστορία του Ελληνικού Έθνους, Τόμος ΙΑ′: Ο ελληνισμός υπό ξένη κυριαρχία, 1669–1821 [History of the Greek Nation, Volume XI: Hellenism under foreign rule, 1669–1821] (in Greek). Athens: Ekdotiki Athinon. pp. 8–51.

[5] H. Weld Blundell, The Royal chronicle of Abyssinia, 1769–1840 (Cambridge: University Press, 1922), p. 334

[6] "Treaty with the Senecas, Shawnees and Wyandots (1831) - Ohio History Central". www.ohiohistorycentral.org. Retrieved 2018-11-04.

[7] Kananen, Anitta (March 2006). "Suomi valitsi maailman ensimmäiset naiskansanedustajat" (in Finnish). University of Jyväskylä. Archived from the original on 2013-12-03. Retrieved July 15, 2021.

[8] Futrell, Robert F. (1997), The United States Air Force in Korea, 1950–1953, Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office, p. 101, ISBN 978-0-16-048879-5

[9] Lang, Kenneth R. (3 March 2011). The Cambridge Guide to the Solar System. Cambridge University Press. p. 255. ISBN 978-1-139-49417-5.

[airu-10] "Катастрофа Ил-14М Иркутского ОАО ВС УГА в а/п Витим" [Disaster of Il-14M of Irkutsk Open Society of Armed Forces of the UGA in Vitim]. airdisaster.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2018-08-12.

[ASN2-11] "Accident Fokker F-27 Friendship 600RF 6O-SAY, Monday 20 July 1981". Aviation Safety Network. Flight Safety Foundation. Archived from the original on 26 February 2021. Retrieved 2021-04-26.

[asn12-12] "Accident description". Aviation Safety Network. Retrieved 11 May 2024.

[13] "More Kurdish Cities Liberated As Syrian Army Withdraws from Area". Rudaw. 20 July 2012. Archived from the original on 21 July 2012. Retrieved 27 July 2012.

[14] Lister, Charles R. (2015). The Syrian Jihad: Al-Qaeda, the Islamic State and the Evolution of an Insurgency. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 96–97. ISBN 9780190462475.

[SFMS13-15] "Spaceflight mission report Soyuz MS-13". spacefacts.de. Retrieved 2019-01-15.

[16] "Jeff Bezos blasts into space on own rocket: 'Best day ever!'". Associated Press. 20 July 2021.

[17] "Innocent IX | pope". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 24 January 2021.

[18] "No. 25305". The London Gazette. 4 January 1884. p. 78.

[19] "Gregor Mendel". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2026-07-16. Retrieved 2026-07-17.

[20] Markham, A. H. (1917). "Childhood and school-days". The Life of Sir Clements R. Markham, K.C.B., F.R.S. London: John Murray. He was the son of William Markham, of Becca Hall, Aberford, and the grandson of Dr. William Markham, who was Archbishop of York from 1777 to 1807.

[21] "John Charles Walsham Reith, 1st Baron Reith". Encyclopædia Britannica. 2026-07-16. Retrieved 2026-07-17.

[22] "Heinie Manush". Major League Baseball. Retrieved 2026-07-17.

[23] Boulouque, Sylvain (2001). "Ida Gilman, dite Mett, médecin et anarchiste (Smorgone, Russie, 20 juillet 1901 – Paris, 27 juin 1973)" [Ida Gilman, known as Mett, doctor and anarchist (Smorgon, Russia, 20 July 1901 - Paris, 27 June 1973)]. Archives Juives (in French). 34 (2): 126–127. doi:10.3917/aj.342.0126. ISSN 0003-9837. OCLC 710968410.

[24] Lewis, M.; Mollison, P.; Weatherall, D. (2006). "Sir John Vivian Dacie. 20 July 1912 -- 12 February 2005: Elected FRS 1967". Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society. 52: 67–82. doi:10.1098/rsbm.2006.0006. PMID 18543470.

[25] "Famous birthdays for July 20". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-17. Explorer Edmund Hillary in 1919

[26] "Robert Maurer". Optica. 2025-09-09. Retrieved 2026-07-18.

[27] McFadden, Robert D. (22 December 2021). "Sally Ann Howes, Star of 'Chitty Chitty Bang Bang,' Dies at 91". The New York Times. Retrieved 22 December 2021.

[28] Ranade, Sadashiv (1974). "मांगदरी घराणा" [The House of Mangdari]. चितपावन कौशिक गोत्री आगाशे कुलवृत्तांत [Genealogy of the Chitpavan Agashe Family belonging to the Kaushik Gotra] (Kulavruttanta) (in Marathi). Pustake miḷaṇyāce ṭhikāṇa. p. 61. LCCN 74903020. OCLC 20388396 – via University of Michigan.

[29] Agashe, Trupti; Agashe, Gopal. (2006). "मांगदरी घराणा" [The House of Mangdari]. In Wad, Mugdha (ed.). आगाशे कुलवृत्तांत [Genealogy of the Agashe Family] (Kulavruttanta) (in Marathi) (2nd ed.). Hyderabad: Surbhi Graphics. p. 62. ISBN 978-1-5323-4500-5 – via Google Books.

[30] "Famous birthdays for July 20". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-17. Artist Nam June Paik in 1932

[31] "Famous birthdays for July 20". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-17. Writer Cormac McCarthy in 1933

[32] "Tony Oliva". Major League Baseball. Retrieved 2026-07-17.

[33] "Obituary: Dame Diana Rigg". BBC News. 10 September 2020. Retrieved 10 September 2020.

[34] "Famous birthdays for July 20". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-17. Actor Natalie Wood in 1938

[35] "Judy Chicago". Britannica Presents 100 Women Trailblazers. 26 February 2020. Retrieved 26 July 2021.

[36] West, Michael J. (2024-06-16). "Tony Allen 1940–2020". JazzTimes. Retrieved 2026-07-18.

[37] "Mickey Stanley". Major League Baseball. Retrieved 2026-07-17.

[38] "Famous birthdays for July 20". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-17. Musician John Lodge (Moody Blues) in 1943

[39] "Mel Daniels". NBA. Retrieved 2026-07-17.

[40] Library of Congress Name Authority File

[41] "Famous birthdays for July 20". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-17. Musician Kim Carnes in 1945

[42] "Famous birthdays for July 20". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-17. Musician Carlos Santana in 1947

[43] Former Solomon Islands PM Sir Francis Hilly dies

[44] "Lucille LEMAY - Olympic Archery | Canada". International Olympic Committee. 15 June 2016. Retrieved 10 January 2020.

[45] "Famous birthdays for July 20". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-17. Musician Jay Jay French (Twisted Sister) in 1952

[46] "Famous birthdays for July 20". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-17. Musician Paul Cook (Sex Pistols) in 1956

[47] "Famous birthdays for July 20". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-17. Musician Mick MacNeil (Simple Minds) in 1958

[48] Fausset, Richard (29 June 2009). "Billy Mays dies at 50; boisterous TV pitchman". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 12 July 2022.

[49] "Mike Witt". Major League Baseball. Retrieved 2026-07-17.

[50] "Famous birthdays for July 20". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-17. Musician Chris Cornell (Soundgarden/Audioslave/Temple of the Dog) in 1964

[51] "Murray Craven". National Hockey League. Retrieved 2026-07-17.

[52] "Famous birthdays for July 20". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-17. Actor Dean Winters in 1964

[53] "How old is Strictly professional Anton du Beke and how long has he been on the show?". Heart Radio. 22 September 2019. Retrieved 11 October 2022.

[54] "Famous birthdays for July 20". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-17. Musician Stone Gossard (Pearl Jam) in 1966

[55] "Enrique Peña Nieto" (in Spanish). Busca Biografias. Retrieved May 30, 2019.

[56] "Jimmy Carson". National Hockey League. Retrieved 2026-07-17.

[57] "Famous birthdays for July 20". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-17. Actor Josh Holloway in 1969

[58] "Charles Johnson". Major League Baseball. Retrieved 2026-07-17.

[59] "Famous birthdays for July 20". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-17. Actor Sandra Oh in 1971

[60] DJ Screw at AllMusic. Retrieved 3 December 2025.

[61] "Jozef Stumpel". National Hockey League. Retrieved 2026-07-17.

[62] "Famous birthdays for July 20". UPI. Retrieved 2026-07-17. Actor Omar Epps in 1973

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