Wikipedia

Geraldine, New Zealand

Geraldine (Māori: Heratini) is a town in the Canterbury region in the South Island of New Zealand. It is about 140 km south of Christchurch, and inland from Timaru, which is 38 km to the south. Geraldine is located on State Highway 79 between the Orari and Hae Hae Te Moana Rivers and 45 kilometres to the east of Fairlie.

Geraldine
Heratini (Māori)
Town
Aerial view of a small town with central main street and river curving to the right
Aerial view
Map
Interactive map of Geraldine
Coordinates: 44°05′25″S 171°14′36″E / 44.09028°S 171.24333°E / -44.09028; 171.24333
CountryNew Zealand
RegionCanterbury
Territorial authorityTimaru District
Community boardGeraldine Community Board[1]
WardGeraldine
Electorates
Government
 • Territorial authorityTimaru District Council
 • Regional councilEnvironment Canterbury
 • Mayor of TimaruNigel Bowen[2]
 • Waitaki MPMiles Anderson[3]
 • Te Tai Tonga MPTākuta Ferris[4]
Area
[5]
 • Total
3.22 km2 (1.24 sq mi)
Elevation
120 m (390 ft)
Population
 (June 2025)[6]
 • Total
3,070
 • Density953/km2 (2,470/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+12 (New Zealand Standard Time)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+13 (New Zealand Daylight Time)
Postcode
7930
Area code03
Local iwiNgāi Tahu

History

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Hewlings tōtara tree, planted 1854

There is evidence of Māori travels through the Geraldine area and artifacts and carvings have been discovered in the nearby areas of Beautiful Valley, Gapes Valley and Kakahu.[7] The area was part of the continuous Canterbury Purchase or Kemp's Deed whereby over thirteen million acres was purchased by Henry Tacy Kemp on behalf of the Crown from Ngāi Tahu for £2,000 in 1848.[8] Following the purchase the colonial surveyor Charles Torlesse visited the region in 1849.[7] However, it wasn't until 1854 when Thomas Cass, the Chief Surveyor for the Canterbury region and Guise Brittan, Commissioner for Crown Lands, proposed a town site at Talbot Forest.[7] Following this Samuel Hewlings under the employment of the government as a surveyor, constructed a bark hut where the probably future site of a town would be.[7] In fact, a tōtara tree planted to commemorate the birth of Hewling's daughter with his wife Nga Hei, still stands today opposite the police station where his nearby bark hut once stood. While Hewlings was indeed the first to person to live in Geraldine, his residence was not permanent and Alfred Cox and William du Moulin abet on the other side of the river in Raukapuka were the town's first permanent residents.[7] The town which up until 1857 was known as Talbot Forest was firstly named Fitzgerald in honour of James FitzGerald, the first Superintendent of the Canterbury Province. However, this was later changed to Geraldine though the exact reasoning for this is unknown.[7] The name was agreed at a meeting of the Province on 8 May 1857.[9] A 1958 history of the area said Geraldine was a name associated with the FitzGerald family for centuries.[10]

Growth in the township was slow at first with separate towns being constructed such as Healey Town in present-day south Geraldine, Maslin Town between Kennedy and Hislop Street and the German settlement known as German Town on the Downs.[7] By 1862 most of the main streets had been named and sections surveyed and the area gazetted in 1867.[11] At this time timber milling and the numerous sheep runs in the area were the main sources of commerce. The town experienced significant growth during this period and as the timber ran out farming took over as the major source of income in the area.

In December 1904, Geraldine was constituted a borough.[12]

Surroundings

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Talbot Forest Scenic Reserve

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Within walking distance of the town centre is Talbot Forest Scenic Reserve. Talbot Forest is the last remaining remnants of a vast native forest that covered Geraldine and surrounding areas.[13] The reserve is home to an impressive variety of native hardwoods, including mataī, kahikatea and tōtara, including one estimated to be 800 years old.[14]

Native reserves

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The Geraldine area is home to numerous native reserves within driving distance. These include Kakahu Bush Reserve, Orari Gorge Scenic Reserve, Peel Forest Park Scenic Reserve, Pioneer Park Conservation Area, Tenehaun Conservation Area, and Waihi Gorge Scenic Reserve.

Bats

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There are a number of colonies of the native long-tailed bat in the areas surrounding Geraldine (such as Talbot Forest and Hanging Rock). The 2019 Geraldine Festival took the opportunity to highlight the long-tailed bat by having the theme of "Geraldine's Gone Batty".[15][16][17][18]

Education

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Geraldine has two schools:

Geraldine Primary School[19] is a decile 8 state co-educational contributing[nb 1] school, with 296 students (as of October 2022)[20]

Geraldine High School (est 1963)[21] is a decile 8 state co-educational secondary school that provides for students years 7 through 13, with 605 students (as of October 2022)[22]

Government

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Geraldine War Memorial

Local government

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Geraldine became a Town District in 1884, operating out of the historic Town Board Office.[23] In 1904, Geraldine was constituted a borough.[11] Presently, Geraldine is part of the Timaru District Council led by current mayor Nigel Bowen. Geraldine is represented by a community board and a councillor.

Central government

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The Geraldine Electorate was first formed in the 1875–1876 election but would be twice disestablished and subsequently reestablished in the following years before being abolished in the 1911 election. The electorate was represented by six Members of Parliament. The electorate split between the newly established Temuka Electorate, however, majority of the land went to the Ashburton Electorate. Following controversial boundary changes in 2008, the Aoraki Electorate abolished and Geraldine became part of the Waitaki electorate with its head office in Oamaru despite nearby towns such as Temuka, Orari and Ashburton joining the Timaru based Rangitata electorate.[24] Geraldine is currently part of the Waitaki electorate held by Miles Anderson of the National Party.[25]

Demographics

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Geraldine covers 3.22 km2 (1.24 sq mi)[5] and had an estimated population of 3,070 as of June 2025,[6] with a population density of 953 people per km2.

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
20062,397—    
20132,400+0.02%
20182,706+2.43%
Source: [26]

Before the 2023 census, Geraldine had a smaller boundary, covering 3.12 km2 (1.20 sq mi).[5] Using that boundary, Geraldine had a population of 2,706 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 306 people (12.8%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 309 people (12.9%) since the 2006 census. There were 1,173 households, comprising 1,254 males and 1,449 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.87 males per female. The median age was 48.6 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 498 people (18.4%) aged under 15 years, 357 (13.2%) aged 15 to 29, 1,068 (39.5%) aged 30 to 64, and 786 (29.0%) aged 65 or older.

Ethnicities were 94.7% European/Pākehā, 7.2% Māori, 1.0% Pasifika, 2.3% Asian, and 1.6% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.

The percentage of people born overseas was 16.2, compared with 27.1% nationally.

Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 48.8% had no religion, 41.0% were Christian, 0.1% had Māori religious beliefs, 0.1% were Hindu, 0.2% were Buddhist and 1.2% had other religions.

Of those at least 15 years old, 324 (14.7%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 543 (24.6%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $27,400, compared with $31,800 nationally. 297 people (13.5%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 939 (42.5%) people were employed full-time, 354 (16.0%) were part-time, and 42 (1.9%) were unemployed.[26]

In 1951, the population of Geraldine was 1080 people. This increased to 1640 people in 1956 and 1832 people in 1961.[12]

Entertainment and media

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1924 Town Hall building, now the Geraldine Cinema

Movies are shown at the historic Geraldine Cinema on Talbot St, one of the longest-operating cinemas in New Zealand.[27] Built in 1924 as the Town Hall, it was first building in Geraldine to be wired up for electricity, and included a projection booth for screening silent films. It opened on 25 August 1925 with a screening of North of the Yukon. Operated as a cinema and dance hall for many years by Cuth Knight before closing in 1967, it reopened in 1970, and has had several proprietors since. The cinema is well known for having a variety of couches in addition to standard cinema seating. There is a desire to see it become a registered historic building.[28]

Geraldine's first radio station, Z100FM, operated in 1999–2000. This changed to Four Peaks FM in 2001. Just Country FM currently broadcasts from the town.[29]

Amenities

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Library

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The Geraldine library is located at 80 Talbot Street, the town's main street. It is open Monday to Fridays and on Saturday mornings.[30] In late 2021, the library was repainted and new carpet was installed. This was the first refurbishment that the library had received since it was first opened in 2003.[31]

Golf courses

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There are two golf courses in Geraldine: The Geraldine District Golf Course and the Grande Vue Golf Course.[32]

Swimming pool

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The Geraldine summer pool is an outdoor pool that is open between November and March each year. It is located on Cox Street. The complex features a heated 25 metre long, six lane swimming pool, a learners pool and a toddlers pool.[33] The Geraldine summer pool is home to the Geraldine Amateur Swimming Club which offers swimming lessons and also competes in various New Zealand swimming competitions.[34]

Geraldine domain

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The Geraldine domain is located between Cox Street and Talbot Street. At just over eleven hectares in size, the domain includes a playground, pavilion, gardens and the Serpentine Creek. There are a number of sports grounds based at the domain. These include grounds for playing cricket, football and athletics. There are also tennis courts, netball courts and a bowls club.[35] Fundraising was occurring in late 2021 to raise just over $1 million to redevelop Geraldine domain.[36] The aim of the project is to lay artificial turf to provide a hockey training facility. as well as install new cricket nets, new signage, storage facilities, floodlights and parking.[37][38]

Economy

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Agricultural

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The agricultural industry is at the heart of the local economy. In the 1960s sheep farming was the most common type of farming with some mixed farming (including wheat), dairy farming, and market gardening also present.[12] While there has been a substantial increase in dairy farms in the region over the last twenty years, there are still large sectors involved in the cropping, deer, sheep and beef. Many small local businesses service the needs of the surrounding agricultural industry. Large agricultural processing facilities operate in the area include Fonterra's Clandeboye facility and Barkers of Geraldine as well as numerous smaller industrial operations. Geraldine is also home to Barker's of Geraldine which both grows the fruit and produces jams, chutney, sauces, syrups and blackcurrant juice from it.[39][40]

Tourism

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Geraldine sits on the highway many international and domestic tourists take on their way from Christchurch to the Mackenzie Country, Lake Tekapo, or the popular tourist destinations of Queenstown and Wānaka.[41] There are numerous cafes, restaurants and shops which cater for tourists all year round. The town is also home to various tourist operators which showcase the local natural environment such as rafting, horse trekking and tours.

Museums

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Geraldine Historical Museum

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Geraldine Museum

The Geraldine Historical Museum aims to display the history of the Geraldine area. It is located on Cox Street, and incorporates the former Town Board Office building. As well as covering early European settlement there is a display on the long-tailed bats of Kakahu Forest.[41]

Geraldine Vintage Car & Machinery Museum

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The Geraldine Vintage Car & Machinery Museum, located at 178 Talbot Street on the southern edge of town, has a vehicle collection spread over seven buildings including 100 tractors dating back to the early 1900s, a 1929 Spartan biplane, the vintage motion picture projectors once used in the Geraldine Cinema, the ship’s engine from the Rangatira, and more than 50 vintage cars.[41][42] It was founded in the early 1970s by collector Jack Morrison to display his own cars, and later that decade gifted to the Geraldine Vintage Car and Machinery Club, started by the Geraldine Young Farmers in 1967.[43] In 2021 the museum opened a new display of 24 pedal cars and a collection of miniature trains, tractors and airplanes.[42]

Route 79 Museum

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The Route 79 Museum is located just outside of Geraldine at 10 Craig Road. Owned by retired helicopter engineer Paul Robins, it houses his vehicle collection including vintage motorbikes, horse buggies, a 1963 International Australian Army truck, a Bofors anti-aircraft gun, and a 5.5 inch artillery gun he bought from the New Zealand Army.[41]

Geraldine Military Museum

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Geraldine Military Museum

Located in the former Morrison's motor garage on Talbot Street, next to the RSA, this military museum opened in November 2023. Its founder Don Pelvin came from a military family, was one of the last New Zealanders called up for compulsory military service, and spent 14 years in the Territorial Force. After collecting military vehicles for decades, he teamed up with other collectors to create displays on World War II and the Vietnam War. Vehicles exhibited include a World War I Lacre truck restored from just chassis and motor, a replica trench, and an FV101 Scorpion tank.[44] The museum attracted criticism in 2025 for its display of a 1st SS Panzer Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler military camp, and Pelvin offer to work with the New Zealand Holocaust Centre to correctly contextualise the exhibit.[45]

Roger Mahan Heritage Centre

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This 5600 m² museum on Main North Road houses the machinery collection of Geraldine resident Roger Mahan, who died in 2025 at the age of 86. Mahan, who grew up in nearby Peel Forest, had a long career as a heavy machine operator, working on the Benmore Dam project, building roads, and developing quarries.[46] The collection on display encompasses earthmoving machinery, vintage cars, trucks, and New Zealand's oldest tractor, all collected over 74 years.[41] The museum is run by the New Zealand Cultural Heritage Trust, founded by Mahan in 2003, and is supported by volunteers.[47]

National Carriage Museum

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Opening in February 2026, this museum adjoins the Roger Mahan Heritage Centre and has a selection of horse-drawn carriages on display, from Richard Seddon's private coach, to an 1889 Snutsel coach built in Brussels, to the last Hansom cab used in Christchurch. Founder Peter Lyttle's collection began in the 1960s, and the museum was built to house it in a temperature- and humidity-controlled environment. The 720 m² building cost over $1.2 million, and includes a 20 foot freezing container to process new acquisitions.[48]

Churches

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Saint Andrew's

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Saint Andrew's Presbyterian Church is located on 10 Cox Street in Geraldine.[49][50] The church is built of local stone and was opened in 1950.[51]

Saint Mary's

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Saint Mary's Anglican Church is at 77 Talbot Street.[52] Although the parish is centred in Geraldine, there are four other churches within the parish: St Thomas' in Woodbury; St Anne's in Pleasant Valley; St Stephen's in Peel Forest; and Holy Innocents at Mt Peel.[53] The Rev Laurence Lawson Brown was appointed the first vicar of Geraldine district in 1862, with a vicarage in Woodbury. The first Anglican church in Geraldine, a wooden building, was constructed in 1863 for £1020, seating 100. This was quickly outgrown, and a new stone church designed by Marius de H. Duval, built for £1120 by P. Clayton, with the foundation stone laid 23 Nov 1882 by Bishop Harper, and consecrated in August 1883.[54][55] The original wooden St Mary's was used as a hall and Sunday School room before being relocated to Orari in 1906, where in 1925 it burnt down. The St Mary's church is built in Gothic style with fifteen large leadlight windows, and is listed as a category two historic place with Heritage New Zealand.[56]

Immaculate Conception

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The Catholic Church known as St Mary Mackillop Parish – Immaculate Conception Church is located at 19 Hislop Street.[57] It was opened in 1935 and cost £10,000 to build. The church can seat up to 300. The altar is made of Oamaru stone. The building is constructed of reinforced concrete and brick.[58]

Notable buildings

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Town Board Office

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Former Town Board Office

The Town Board Office on Cox Street,[59] is now part of the Geraldine Historical Museum.[60] It was originally built on Talbot Street in 1885 and cost £269 to build. It was designed by the architect D. McKenzie and built by Dierck and White. When Geraldine became a borough in 1905, the building was used by the Borough Council. It served the town until 1969 and in 1975 was dismantled and re-erected on Cox Street by the Geraldine Historical Society, to be used as part of the museum. The building is made of bluestone.[61]

McKechnie's cottage

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McKechnie's cottage

This modest cottage with a small outhouse in the backyard on Wilson Street was built in 1873 by Hugh Morrison. It is one of the oldest buildings in Geraldine and it was built using plaster and lath. Between 1896 and 1902, it was used as a tailor's shop. In 1941, Douglas McKechnie bought it and lived in it for 47 years. He was the mayor of Geraldine between 1939 and 1949.[62][63]

Crown hotel

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The Crown hotel is now trading as the Geraldine Heritage Hotel and located at 31 Talbot Street. The original building was destroyed by a fire and the current building was built in 1906.[64][65] It is listed as a category two historic place with Heritage New Zealand.[66]

The Vicarage Geraldine

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The Vicarage Geraldine

The former vicarage of St Mary's is located next to the church on Talbot Street, and is listed as a Category II historic place.[67] This Arts and Crafts house was built in 1900, and housed 15 vicars and their families before being sold by the parish in 2017. It was restored as boutique accommodation in 2018–2019.[68][69][70] The restoration was a finalist in the 'domestic saved and restored' category of the Canterbury Heritage Awards.[71]

Post office

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The post office was opened in November 1908 by the then prime minister Sir Joseph Ward. The two storied building located on the intersection of Talbot Street and Cox Street provided a mail room, public office, postmaster's room, telephone room and private boxes on the ground floor and quarters for the post master on the first floor. In 1997, the post office moved to different premises and the building was sold in 2005 for $349,500 at auction. It has been used by a variety of retail businesses since then.[72] It is listed as a category two historic place with Heritage New Zealand.[73]

Heritage listed buildings

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The town has other category two heritage listed buildings, which include:

  • A brick cottage at 137 Talbot Street[74]
  • A corner shop (192 Talbot Street)[75]
  • The adjoining corner shop cottage at 192 Talbot Street[76]
  • Geraldine Co-operative Cheese Factory (Pleasant Valley Road)[77]

Notable people

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Climate

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Climate data for Geraldine (Orari Estate) (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1972–present)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 38.3
(100.9)		 38.5
(101.3)		 34.5
(94.1)		 31.7
(89.1)		 27.3
(81.1)		 23.0
(73.4)		 22.0
(71.6)		 24.0
(75.2)		 28.4
(83.1)		 31.0
(87.8)		 33.3
(91.9)		 35.4
(95.7)		 38.5
(101.3)
Mean maximum °C (°F) 31.9
(89.4)		 31.0
(87.8)		 29.2
(84.6)		 24.9
(76.8)		 21.7
(71.1)		 17.8
(64.0)		 18.1
(64.6)		 20.2
(68.4)		 23.2
(73.8)		 25.7
(78.3)		 27.7
(81.9)		 29.9
(85.8)		 33.4
(92.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 22.1
(71.8)		 21.7
(71.1)		 20.0
(68.0)		 16.9
(62.4)		 14.0
(57.2)		 11.2
(52.2)		 10.8
(51.4)		 12.5
(54.5)		 15.0
(59.0)		 16.8
(62.2)		 18.5
(65.3)		 20.5
(68.9)		 16.7
(62.0)
Daily mean °C (°F) 16.3
(61.3)		 16.0
(60.8)		 14.2
(57.6)		 11.2
(52.2)		 8.5
(47.3)		 5.7
(42.3)		 5.2
(41.4)		 6.8
(44.2)		 9.0
(48.2)		 10.9
(51.6)		 12.7
(54.9)		 14.9
(58.8)		 11.0
(51.7)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 10.5
(50.9)		 10.3
(50.5)		 8.4
(47.1)		 5.6
(42.1)		 3.0
(37.4)		 0.3
(32.5)		 −0.4
(31.3)		 1.2
(34.2)		 3.1
(37.6)		 5.0
(41.0)		 6.8
(44.2)		 9.2
(48.6)		 5.3
(41.5)
Mean minimum °C (°F) 4.4
(39.9)		 4.2
(39.6)		 2.1
(35.8)		 0.1
(32.2)		 −2.1
(28.2)		 −4.5
(23.9)		 −4.9
(23.2)		 −4.1
(24.6)		 −2.3
(27.9)		 −0.6
(30.9)		 1.0
(33.8)		 3.6
(38.5)		 −5.8
(21.6)
Record low °C (°F) 2.0
(35.6)		 1.3
(34.3)		 −1.6
(29.1)		 −3.2
(26.2)		 −7.4
(18.7)		 −7.9
(17.8)		 −7.4
(18.7)		 −7.2
(19.0)		 −4.0
(24.8)		 −3.1
(26.4)		 −1.3
(29.7)		 0.4
(32.7)		 −7.9
(17.8)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 56.1
(2.21)		 61.3
(2.41)		 55.0
(2.17)		 64.5
(2.54)		 50.3
(1.98)		 53.8
(2.12)		 54.3
(2.14)		 58.1
(2.29)		 43.9
(1.73)		 56.6
(2.23)		 63.1
(2.48)		 60.1
(2.37)		 677.1
(26.67)
Source: NIWA[78]
Climate data for Geraldine (1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 23.0
(73.4)		 22.1
(71.8)		 20.1
(68.2)		 17.8
(64.0)		 14.3
(57.7)		 11.6
(52.9)		 10.9
(51.6)		 12.5
(54.5)		 15.1
(59.2)		 17.0
(62.6)		 18.9
(66.0)		 20.7
(69.3)		 17.0
(62.6)
Daily mean °C (°F) 16.9
(62.4)		 16.4
(61.5)		 14.4
(57.9)		 11.6
(52.9)		 8.6
(47.5)		 5.9
(42.6)		 5.2
(41.4)		 6.8
(44.2)		 9.3
(48.7)		 11.2
(52.2)		 13.2
(55.8)		 15.2
(59.4)		 11.2
(52.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 10.8
(51.4)		 10.6
(51.1)		 8.6
(47.5)		 5.5
(41.9)		 2.8
(37.0)		 0.2
(32.4)		 −0.5
(31.1)		 1.2
(34.2)		 3.5
(38.3)		 5.5
(41.9)		 7.6
(45.7)		 9.8
(49.6)		 5.5
(41.8)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 77.7
(3.06)		 77.2
(3.04)		 89.0
(3.50)		 71.1
(2.80)		 56.4
(2.22)		 46.6
(1.83)		 61.0
(2.40)		 64.3
(2.53)		 50.7
(2.00)		 65.1
(2.56)		 60.0
(2.36)		 77.1
(3.04)		 796.2
(31.34)
Source: NIWA (rain 1971–2000)[79]

Notes

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  1. ↑ Years 1-6

References

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  • Reed, A. W. (2002). The Reed Dictionary of New Zealand Place Names. Auckland: Reed Books. ISBN 0-7900-0761-4.
  1. ↑ "Community Boards – Timaru District Council". timaru.govt.nz. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
  2. ↑ "2025 Triennial Elections Declaration of Result" (PDF). Electionz. Retrieved 21 October 2025.
  3. ↑ "Waitaki - Official Result". www.electionresults.govt.nz. Electoral Commission. Retrieved 31 July 2026.
  4. ↑ "Te Tai Tonga – Official Result". Electoral Commission. Retrieved 23 February 2026.
  5. 1 2 3 "ArcGIS Web Application". statsnz.maps.arcgis.com. Retrieved 6 November 2021.
  6. 1 2 "Subnational population estimates - Aotearoa Data Explorer". Statistics New Zealand. Retrieved 29 October 2025.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Button, John (2006). Geraldine The First 150 Years. Timaru: Geraldine 150 Committee. ISBN 0-473-11092-X.
  8. ↑ "Kemp's Deed, 1848". Te Runanga o Ngāi Tahu. 1997. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
  9. ↑ "Provincial Council. Lyttelton Times". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 13 May 1857. Retrieved 16 November 2025.
  10. ↑ Gillespie, Oliver A. (1958). South Canterbury : A record of settlement. p. 285.
  11. 1 2 McLintock, A.H. (1966). "'GERALDINE', from An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand". Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
  12. 1 2 3 McLintock, Alexander Hare. "GERALDINE". An encyclopaedia of New Zealand, edited by A. H. McLintock, 1966. New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage Te Manatu Taonga. Retrieved 25 September 2021.
  13. ↑ "Around and about Geraldine" (PDF). New Zealand: Department of Conservation. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
  14. ↑ "Talbot Forest Scenic Reserve Tracks". New Zealand: Department of Conservation. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
  15. ↑ "Long-tailed bat colony discovered in Geraldine". New Zealand: Stuff. 28 August 2019. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
  16. ↑ "Long-tailed bat". New Zealand: Department of Conservation. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
  17. ↑ "Plight of bats highlighted at busy Geraldine Festival". Otago Daily Times. 25 November 2019. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
  18. ↑ "Geraldine farmers go to bat for endangered species". Radio New Zealand. 5 June 2020. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
  19. ↑ "Geraldine Primary School". Retrieved 12 December 2013.
  20. ↑ Counts, Education. "Ministry of Education – Education Counts". educationcounts.govt.nz. Retrieved 11 October 2022.
  21. ↑ "Geraldine High School". Retrieved 12 December 2013.
  22. ↑ Counts, Education. "Ministry of Education – Education Counts". educationcounts.govt.nz. Retrieved 11 October 2022.
  23. ↑ "Town Board Office (Former)". Heritage New Zealand. 2018. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
  24. ↑ Chatterton, Tracey (13 September 2008). "Candidates Not Fazed by Electorate Split". The Timaru Herald. Retrieved 22 August 2018.
  25. ↑ "Waitaki – Official Result". electionresults.govt.nz. Retrieved 23 June 2023.
  26. 1 2 "Statistical area 1 dataset for 2018 Census". Statistics New Zealand. March 2020. Geraldine (338900). 2018 Census place summary: Geraldine
  27. ↑ "Geraldine Cinema". Timaru District Library. Archived from the original on 16 December 2008. Retrieved 28 January 2010.
  28. ↑ "Historic status sought for Geraldine building". New Zealand: Stuff. 19 April 2021. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
  29. ↑ "Radio Heritage Foundation". Radio Heritage Foundation. Retrieved 28 January 2010.
  30. ↑ "About our libraries | Timaru District Libraries". library.timaru.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 December 2021.
  31. ↑ "Temuka and Geraldine libraries undergo $158,000 worth of renovations". New Zealand: Stuff. 20 October 2021. Retrieved 13 December 2021.
  32. ↑ "Golf in Geraldine". Geraldine.NZ. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
  33. ↑ "Geraldine – Summer Pool – Timaru District Council". timaru.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 December 2021.
  34. ↑ "Welcome to Geraldine Amateur Swim Club". geraldineswimclub.swimming.org.nz. Retrieved 13 December 2021.
  35. ↑ "Geraldine Domain – Timaru District Council". timaru.govt.nz. Retrieved 13 December 2021.
  36. ↑ "Geraldine Domain Redevelopment". Geraldine.NZ. 31 October 2021. Retrieved 13 December 2021.
  37. ↑ "Geraldine Domain redevelopment to start soon". New Zealand: Stuff. 13 September 2021. Retrieved 13 December 2021.
  38. ↑ "Push for community to get behind Geraldine Domain redevelopment". New Zealand: Stuff. 17 November 2021. Retrieved 13 December 2021.
  39. ↑ "Barker's of Geraldine". barkers.co.nz. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
  40. ↑ "Barkers out to tell and sell story in Geraldine". New Zealand: Stuff. 24 October 2018. Retrieved 19 December 2021.
  41. 1 2 3 4 5 Tobin, Chris (1 February 2025). "Geraldine, a town of museums, is becoming a destination". The Press. Retrieved 24 July 2026.
  42. 1 2 Tobin, Chris (15 December 2021). "Geraldine vintage museum adds new collection, plans expansion". The Timaru Herald.
  43. ↑ Mohanlall, Samesh (30 October 2019). "Geraldine club prepares ahead of museum crank up event". The Timaru Herald.
  44. ↑ "The military museum that Don built". Otago Daily Times. 23 November 2023.
  45. ↑ Brown, Tim (4 November 2025). "Canterbury military museum owner open to changing controversial Nazi exhibit". RNZ. Retrieved 24 July 2026.
  46. ↑ Tobin, Chris (5 March 2025). "Quarrying contractor and museum developer Roger Mahan dies". The Press. Retrieved 24 July 2026.
  47. ↑ De Reus, Helena (1 October 2013). "Council approves heritage museum". Otago Daily Times. Retrieved 24 July 2026.
  48. ↑ Sail, Doug (7 February 2006). "Medal-winning carriage with links to Eiffel Tower opening features at new 'national' museum". The Press. Retrieved 27 July 2026.
  49. ↑ "Geraldine – St Andrew's Church | Presbyterian Church of Aotearoa New Zealand". presbyterian.org.nz. Retrieved 13 December 2021.
  50. ↑ "St Andrews Church, Geraldine". st-andrews-gld. Retrieved 13 December 2021.
  51. ↑ "St. Andrew's, Geraldine, N.Z." sites.rootsweb.com. Retrieved 13 December 2021.
  52. ↑ "St Mary's Church, Geraldine – Anglican Life". anglicanlife.org.nz. Retrieved 13 December 2021.
  53. ↑ "Anglican Parish of Geraldine". Anglican Parish of Geraldine. Retrieved 13 December 2021.
  54. ↑ Barker, Michael. "History of St Mary's Church | Geraldine | Canterbury | New Zealand". The Vicarage Geraldine. Retrieved 26 July 2026.
  55. ↑ "CHURCHES". Anglican Parish of Geraldine. 30 April 2020. Retrieved 13 December 2021.
  56. ↑ "St Mary's Church (Anglican)". Heritage New Zealand. Retrieved 12 September 2021.
  57. ↑ "Opihi – St Mary Mackillop Parish – Immaculate Conception Church (Geraldine) – Catholic Diocese of Christchurch". Retrieved 13 December 2021.
  58. ↑ "Churches in Geraldine, New Zealand". sites.rootsweb.com. Retrieved 13 December 2021.
  59. ↑ "Town Board Office (Former)". Heritage New Zealand. Retrieved 12 September 2021.
  60. ↑ "Geraldine Historical Museum and Society". Geraldine.NZ. Retrieved 28 August 2021.
  61. ↑ "Search the List | Town Board Office (Former) | Heritage New Zealand". Heritage New Zealand. Retrieved 30 December 2021.
  62. ↑ "Signs of earlier times – Geraldine history told". Otago Daily Times. 2 December 2019. Retrieved 30 December 2021.
  63. ↑ "Holiday leads to business venture". New Zealand: Stuff. 12 March 2012. Retrieved 30 December 2021.
  64. ↑ "About | Geraldine Heritage Hotel". Retrieved 28 December 2021.
  65. ↑ "Geraldine Crown Heritage Hotel and restaurant". Geraldine.NZ. Retrieved 28 December 2021.
  66. ↑ "Search the List | Crown Hotel | Heritage New Zealand". Heritage New Zealand. Retrieved 28 December 2021.
  67. ↑ "St Mary's Church Vicarage". Heritage New Zealand12 September 2021. Retrieved 12 September 2021.
  68. ↑ Geary, Alice (30 September 2019). "Hundreds attend historic Geraldine vicarage's accommodation makeover opening". Stuff. Retrieved 4 August 2026.
  69. ↑ Davis, Joanna (6 May 2021). "Vicarage turned 'party house' returned to its former heritage glory". Stuff. Retrieved 4 August 2026.
  70. ↑ Klein-Nixon, Kylie (28 November 2019). "Geraldine's 119-year-old vicarage resurrected and open for business". Stuff. Retrieved 4 August 2026.
  71. ↑ "Domestic – Saved and Restored Archives". Canterbury Heritage Awards. Retrieved 13 December 2021.
  72. ↑ "The old Geraldine Post Office, South Canterbury, NZ". sites.rootsweb.com. Retrieved 28 December 2021.
  73. ↑ "Search the List | Post Office (Former) | Heritage New Zealand". Heritage New Zealand. Retrieved 28 December 2021.
  74. ↑ "Brick Cottage". Heritage New Zealand. Retrieved 12 September 2021.
  75. ↑ "Corner Shop". Heritage New Zealand. Retrieved 12 September 2021.
  76. ↑ "Shop Cottage". Heritage New Zealand. Retrieved 12 September 2021.
  77. ↑ "Co-operative Cheese Factory". Heritage New Zealand. Retrieved 12 September 2021.
  78. ↑ "CliFlo -The National Climate Database (Agent numbers: 5061, 35704)". NIWA. Retrieved 14 August 2024.
  79. ↑ "CliFlo – National Climate Database : Geraldine N.Z.F.S". NIWA. Retrieved 19 May 2024.
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