Wikipedia

2023 opinion polling on the Biden administration

This is a list of opinion polls taken on the presidency of Joe Biden in 2023. To navigate between years, see opinion polling on the Biden administration. For 2024–2025 opinion polling, see 2024–2025 opinion polling on the Biden administration.

According to analysis by Gallup, Biden's average approval rating in 2023 was 39.8%. Compared with presidents going back to Dwight D. Eisenhower, the Gallup Poll only recorded one president, Jimmy Carter, as having a lower average approval rating in their third year (37.4%). Notably, this is the first year in which Joe Biden's average approval rating was lower than his predecessor's at the same point in their terms (Donald Trump's average in 2019 was 42.0%).[1] Biden's low approval ratings in 2023 were attributed to continued disapproval over the economy, immigration, and Biden's age as well as his response to the outbreak of the Gaza war in October.[2][3][4]

January

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Polling group Date Approve Disapprove Unsure Sample size Polling method Segment polled Ref.
YouGov (for CBS News) January 4–6, 2023 44% 56% 0% 2,144 online All adults [5]
YouGov (for The Economist) January 8–10, 2023 47% 45% 7% 1,500 online All adults [6]
Quinnipiac University January 11–15, 2023 38% 53% 9% 1,466 telephone Registered voters [7]
Ipsos January 13–15, 2023 40% 53% 7% 1,035 online All adults [8]
Harris (for Harvard University) January 18–19, 2023 42% 56% 2% 2,050 online Registered voters [9]
Emerson College January 19–21, 2023 44% 48% 8% 1,015 IVR/online Registered voters [10]
Marist College January 23–26, 2023 42% 49% 9% 1,327 telephone/online All adults [11]
YouGov (for The Economist) January 29–31, 2023 41% 52% 7% 1,319 online Registered voters [12]
Monmouth University January 26–30, 2023 43% 48% 9% 805 telephone All adults [13]

February

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Polling group Date Approve Disapprove Unsure Sample size Polling method Segment polled Ref.
YouGov (for CBS News) February 1–4, 2023 45% 55% 0% 2,030 online All adults [14]
Ipsos (for Reuters) February 3–5, 2023 41% 52% 7% 1,029 online All adults [15]
Quinnipiac University February 9–14, 2023 40% 55% 5% 1,429 telephone Registered voters [16]
Marist College (for NPR & PBS) February 13–16, 2023 46% 46% 8% 1,352 telephone/online All adults [17]
Harris (for Harvard University) February 15–16, 2023 42% 55% 3% 1,838 online Registered voters [18]
YouGov (for The Economist) February 20–21, 2023 44% 50% 6% 1,500 online All adults [19]
Emerson College February 24–25, 2023 44% 50% 6% 1,060 IVR/online Registered voters [20]

March

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Polling group Date Approve Disapprove Unsure Sample size Polling method Segment polled Ref.
Ipsos (for Reuters) March 3–5, 2023 42% 52% 6% 1,023 online All adults [21]
Quinnipiac University March 9–13, 2023 39% 55% 6% 1,600 telephone Registered voters [22]
Monmouth University March 16–20, 2023 41% 51% 8% 805 telephone All adults [23]
YouGov (for The Economist) March 19–21, 2023 43% 51% 6% 1,500 online All adults [24]
YouGov (for CBS News) March 20–22, 2023 45% 55% 0% 2,117 online All adults [25]
Marist College (for NPR & PBS) March 20–23, 2023 42% 49% 9% 1,327 telephone/online All adults [26]
Harris (for Harvard University) March 22–23, 2023 43% 55% 2% 2,905 online Registered voters [27]
Quinnipiac University March 23–27, 2023 38% 57% 5% 1,635 telephone Registered voters [28]
Investor's Business Daily/TIPP March 29–31, 2023 45% 45% 10% 1,365 online All adults [29]

April

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Polling group Date Approve Disapprove Unsure Sample size Polling method Segment polled Ref.
YouGov (for The Economist) April 1–4, 2023 44% 50% 6% 1,500 online All adults [30]
YouGov (for CBS News) April 12–14, 2023 43% 57% 0% 2,065 online All adults [31]
Harris (for Harvard University) April 18–19, 2023 43% 54% 3% 1,845 online Registered voters [32]
Ipsos (for Reuters) April 21–24, 2023 41% 54% 5% 1,005 online All adults [33]
YouGov (for The Economist) April 22–25, 2023 47% 48% 6% 1,500 online All adults [34]
Emerson College April 24–25, 2023 41% 49% 10% 1,100 IVR/online Registered voters [35]

May

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Polling group Date Approve Disapprove Unsure Sample size Polling method Segment polled Ref.
YouGov (for The Economist) April 29–May 2, 2023 44% 49% 7% 1,500 online All adults [36]
Investor's Business Daily/TIPP May 3–5, 2023 43% 49% 8% 1,480 online All adults [37]
Ipsos (for Reuters) May 5–7, 2023 40% 54% 6% 1,022 online All adults [38]
YouGov (for Yahoo! News) May 5–8, 2023 43% 48% 9% 1,584 online All adults [39]
Harris (for Harvard University) May 17–18, 2023 43% 54% 3% 2,004 online Registered voters [40]
YouGov (for CBS News) May 17–19, 2023 41% 59% 0% 2,188 online All adults [41]
Quinnipiac University May 18–22, 2023 39% 54% 4% 1,635 telephone Registered voters [42]
Monmouth University May 18–23, 2023 41% 53% 6% 981 telephone All adults [43]

June

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Polling group Date Approve Disapprove Unsure Sample size Polling method Segment polled Ref.
Investor's Business Daily/TIPP May 31–June 2, 2023 40% 51% 9% 1,358 online All adults [44]
Ipsos (for Reuters) June 2–5, 2023 41% 54% 5% 1,056 online All adults [45]
YouGov (for The Economist) June 3–6, 2023 44% 53% 6% 1,315 online Registered voters [46]
YouGov (for CBS News) June 7–10, 2023 41% 59% 0% 2,480 online All adults [47]
Quinnipiac University June 8–12, 2023 42% 54% 2% 1,735 telephone Registered voters [48]
Harris (for Harvard University) June 14–15, 2023 43% 53% 4% 2,090 online Registered voters [49]
Emerson College June 19–20, 2023 41% 51% 8% 1,105 IVR/online Registered voters [50]

July

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Polling group Date Approve Disapprove Unsure Sample size Polling method Segment polled Ref.
YouGov (for The Economist) July 1–5, 2023 38% 55% 7% 1,350 online Registered voters [51]
Redfield & Wilton Strategies July 6, 2023 40% 48% 12% 1,500 online Registered voters [52]
Investor's Business Daily/TIPP July 5–7, 2023 38% 51% 13% 1,341 online All adults [53]
Ipsos (for Reuters) July 7–9, 2023 40% 54% 6% 1,028 online All adults [54]
YouGov (for The Economist) July 8–11, 2023 39% 56% 5% 1,500 online All adults [55]
Marquette University Law School July 7–12, 2023 42% 57% 1% 1,005 online All adults [56]
Monmouth University July 12–17, 2023 44% 52% 4% 910 telephone All adults [57]
Quinnipiac University July 13–17, 2023 40% 53% 3% 1,809 telephone Registered voters [58]
Harris (for Harvard University) July 19–20, 2023 42% 55% 3% 2,068 online Registered voters [59]
YouGov (for The Economist) July 22–25, 2023 45% 52% 5% 1,306 online Registered voters [60]
YouGov (for CBS News) Jul 26–28, 2023 40% 60% 0% 2,181 online All adults [61]

August

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Polling group Date Approve Disapprove Unsure Sample size Polling method Segment polled Ref.
Ipsos (for Reuters) July 28 – August 1, 2023 40% 55% 5% 2,009 online All adults [62]
YouGov (for The Economist) July 29 – August 1, 2023 40% 56% 4% 1,500 online All adults [63]
Noble Perspective Insights/The Center Square July 31 – August 3, 2023 40% 54% 6% 2,500 online Registered voters [64]
Investor's Business Daily/TIPP August 2–4, 2023 38% 51% 11% 1,369 online All adults [65]
Ipsos (for Reuters) August 4–6, 2023 40% 54% 6% 1,032 online All adults [66]
YouGov (for The Economist) August 5–8, 2023 41% 53% 6% 1,500 online All adults [67]
AP-NORC August 10–14, 2023 42% 57% 1,165 online/phone All adults [68]
Quinnipiac University August 10–14, 2023 37% 56% 7% 1,818 phone All adults [69]
Léger August 11–14, 2023 43% 54% 3% 1,002 online All adults [70]
Marist College August 11–14, 2023 42% 52% 6% 1,100 online/phone Registered voters [71]
YouGov (for The Economist) August 12–15, 2023 40% 53% 7% 1,500 online All adults [72]
Emerson College August 16–17, 2023 42% 47% 11% 1,000 online/phone Registered voters [73]
YouGov (for Yahoo! News) August 17–21, 2023 41% 54% 6% 1,665 online All adults [74]
YouGov (for The Economist) August 19–22, 2023 41% 54% 5% 1,500 online All adults [75]
Gallup August 1–23, 2023 42% 53% 5% 1,014 phone All adults [76]
Public Policy Polling (for Congressional Integrity Project) August 23–24, 2023 44% 50% 6% 606 phone Registered voters [77]
SurveyMonkey (for CNBC) August 21–25, 2023 41% 56% 4,324 online All adults [78]
NewsNation/Decision Desk HQ August 24–25, 2023 48% 52% 1,000 Registered voters [79]
HarrisX/The Messenger August 24–26, 2023 43% 54% 3% 2,013 online Registered voters [80]
Emerson College August 25–26, 2023 43% 47% 1,000 online/phone Registered voters [81]
YouGov (for The Economist) August 26–29, 2023 38% 55% 6% 1,500 online All adults [82]
Fabrizio, Lee & Associates/GBAO (for The Wall Street Journal) August 24–30, 2023 42% 57% 1,500 phone Registered voters [83]
The 19th/SurveyMonkey August 24–31, 2023 41% 56% 20,191 online All adults [84]
SSRS/CNN August 25–31, 2023 39% 61% 0% 1,503 online/phone All adults [85]
Echelon Insights August 28–31, 2023 41% 57% 2% 1,022 online Likely voters [86]

September

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Polling group Date Approve Disapprove Unsure Sample size Polling method Segment polled Ref.
YouGov (for The Economist) September 2–5, 2023 41% 53% 6% 1,500 online All adults [87]
YouGov (for CBS News) September 5–8, 2023 40% 60% 0% 2,335 online All adults [88]
YouGov (for Yahoo! News) September 14–18, 2023 42% 55% 3% 1,097 online Registered voters [89]

October

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Polling group Date Approve Disapprove Unsure Sample size Polling method Segment polled Ref.
YouGov (for The Economist) September 30 – October 3, 2023 40% 55% 5% 1,500 online All adults [90]
YouGov (for Yahoo! News) October 12–16, 2023 42% 55% 3% 1,123 online Registered voters [91]
YouGov (for CBS News) October 16–19, 2023 40% 60% 0% 1,878 online All adults [92]

November

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Polling group Date Approve Disapprove Unsure Sample size Polling method Segment polled Ref.
YouGov (for The Economist) November 5–7, 2023 40% 54% 6% 1,500 online All adults [93]
YouGov (for Yahoo! News) November 9–13, 2023 40% 58% 2% 1,062 online Registered voters [94]

December

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Polling group Date Approve Disapprove Unsure Sample size Polling method Segment polled Ref.
YouGov (for CBS News) December 6–8, 2023 41% 59% 0% 2,144 online All adults [95]
YouGov (for The Economist) December 9–12, 2023 39% 55% 6% 1,500 online All adults [96]

References

edit
  1. ↑ "Biden's Third-Year Job Approval Average of 39.8% Second Worst". Gallup.com. January 25, 2024. Retrieved March 31, 2024.
  2. ↑ "What Biden's rough 2023 in the polls means — and doesn't mean — for 2024". NBC News. December 23, 2024. Retrieved March 31, 2024.
  3. ↑ Collinson, Stephen (November 8, 2023). "Analysis: 5 takeaways from new polls that reveal Biden's challenges and Trump's potential victory path | CNN Politics". CNN. Retrieved March 31, 2024.
  4. ↑ "Biden ends 2023 in polling rut, near all-time low approval ratings". ny1.com. Retrieved March 31, 2024.
  5. ↑ "CBS News poll — Americans' views on 2023: Things get better, but still not good". www.cbsnews.com. January 8, 2023. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
  6. ↑ "The Economist/YouGov Poll January 8 – 10, 2023" (PDF). YouGov. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
  7. ↑ "Quinnipiac University Poll" (PDF). Quinnipiac University. January 18, 2023. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
  8. ↑ "Ipsos Poll Core Political Data January 19, 2023" (PDF). Ipsos. January 19, 2023. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
  9. ↑ "January 2023: Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll" (PDF). Harvard Harris Poll. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
  10. ↑ "National Poll: Biden's Approval Recovers Two Years into Term, Trump Maintains Lead over DeSantis in GOP Primary". Emerson College Polling. January 24, 2023. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
  11. ↑ "Marist Poll of 1,257 National Adults" (PDF). Marist College. January 27, 2023. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
  12. ↑ "The Economist/YouGov Poll January 29 – 31, 2023" (PDF). YouGov. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
  13. ↑ "Monmouth University Poll". Monmouth University. February 1, 2023. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
  14. ↑ "Views of U.S. economy improve but remain low; debt ceiling uncertainty looms — CBS News poll". www.cbsnews.com. February 5, 2023. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
  15. ↑ "Reuters / Ipsos Core Political Data February 8, 2023" (PDF). Ipsos. February 8, 2023. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
  16. ↑ "Quinnipiac University Poll" (PDF). Quinnipiac University. February 16, 2023. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
  17. ↑ "NPR/PBS NewsHour/Marist poll of 1,352 National Adults" (PDF). Marist College. February 17, 2023. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
  18. ↑ "February 2023: Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll" (PDF). Harvard Harris Poll. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
  19. ↑ "The Economist/YouGov Poll February 20 – 21, 2023" (PDF). YouGov. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
  20. ↑ "National Poll: 71% of Democratic Voters Think Biden Should Be 2024 Nominee". Emerson College Polling. February 28, 2023. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
  21. ↑ "Reuters / Ipsos Core Political Data March 8, 2023" (PDF). Ipsos. March 8, 2023. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
  22. ↑ "Quinnipiac University Poll" (PDF). Quinnipiac University. March 15, 2023. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
  23. ↑ "Monmouth University Poll". Monmouth University. March 21, 2023. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
  24. ↑ "The Economist/YouGov Poll March 19 – 21, 2023" (PDF). YouGov. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
  25. ↑ "Americans voice confidence in their banks, but inflation woes continue — CBS News poll". www.cbsnews.com. March 23, 2023. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
  26. ↑ "NPR/PBS NewsHour/Marist Poll of 1,327 National Adults" (PDF). Marist College. March 24, 2023. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
  27. ↑ "March 2023: Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll" (PDF). Harvard Harris Poll. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
  28. ↑ "Quinnipiac University Poll" (PDF). Quinnipiac University. March 29, 2023. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
  29. ↑ "Biden Approval Rating Shows Resilience As Financial Stress Rises". Investor's Business Daily. April 3, 2023. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
  30. ↑ "The Economist/YouGov Poll April 1 – 4, 2023" (PDF). YouGov. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  31. ↑ "Most want abortion pill to remain available — CBS News poll - CBS News". www.cbsnews.com. April 16, 2023. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  32. ↑ "April 2023: Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll" (PDF). Harvard Harris Poll. April 19, 2023. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  33. ↑ "Reuters / Ipsos Core Political Data April 27, 2023" (PDF). Ipsos. April 27, 2023. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  34. ↑ "The Economist/YouGov Poll April 22 – 25, 2023" (PDF). YouGov. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  35. ↑ Mumford, Camille (April 27, 2023). "April 2023 National Poll: Biden and Trump on Track for 2024 Rematch". Emerson Polling. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  36. ↑ "The Economist/YouGov Poll April 29 – May 2, 2023" (PDF). YouGov. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  37. ↑ "Biden Approval Rating Falls Sharply. It's The Economy". Investor's Business Daily. May 8, 2023. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  38. ↑ "Reuters / Ipsos Core Political Data May 10, 2023" (PDF). Ipsos. May 10, 2023. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  39. ↑ "New Yahoo News poll shows Biden still leads Trump for 2024". Yahoo News. May 10, 2023. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  40. ↑ "May 2023: Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll" (PDF). Harvard Harris Poll. May 18, 2023. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  41. ↑ "CBS News poll: Think your town could house migrants? That may depend as much on your politics as where you live. - CBS News". www.cbsnews.com. May 21, 2023. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  42. ↑ "Quinnipiac University Poll" (PDF). Quinnipiac University. May 24, 2023. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  43. ↑ NJ 07764571-3400, 400 Cedar Avenue West Long Branch (May 24, 2023). "Clean Debt Deal Preferred by 2:1". Monmouth University Polling Institute. Retrieved August 1, 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  44. ↑ "Biden Approval Rating Slides; Young Adults Turn Cool Amid Debt-Ceiling Deal". Investor's Business Daily. June 5, 2023. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  45. ↑ "Reuters / Ipsos Core Political Data June 7, 2023" (PDF). Ipsos. June 7, 2023. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  46. ↑ "The Economist/YouGov Poll April 1 – 4, 2023" (PDF). YouGov. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  47. ↑ "CBS News Poll: After Trump indictment, most see security risk, but Republicans see politics - CBS News". www.cbsnews.com. June 11, 2023. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  48. ↑ "Quinnipiac University Poll" (PDF). Quinnipiac University. June 14, 2023. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  49. ↑ "June 2023: Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll" (PDF). Harvard Harris Poll. June 15, 2023. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  50. ↑ Mumford, Camille (June 22, 2023). "June 2023 National Poll: Third Party Candidacy Could Derail President Biden's Reelection Bid". Emerson Polling. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  51. ↑ "The Economist/YouGov poll July 1 – 5, 2023" (PDF). Retrieved September 30, 2023.
  52. ↑ "Joe Biden Administration Approval Ratings and Hypothetical Voting Intention (6 July 2023)". Redfield & Wilton Strategies. July 14, 2023. Retrieved September 30, 2023.
  53. ↑ "Biden Approval Rating Sinks As College Grad Support Dims". Investor's Business Daily. July 10, 2023. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  54. ↑ "Reuters / Ipsos Core Political Data July 12, 2023" (PDF). Ipsos. July 12, 2023. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  55. ↑ "The Economist/YouGov Poll July 8 – 11, 2023" (PDF). Retrieved September 30, 2023.
  56. ↑ "Marquette University Law School News Release" (PDF). Marquette University Law School. July 27, 2023. Retrieved September 30, 2023.
  57. ↑ NJ 07764571-3400, 400 Cedar Avenue West Long Branch (July 19, 2023). "Biden Gets Little Economic Credit". Monmouth University Polling Institute. Retrieved August 1, 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  58. ↑ "Quinnipiac University Poll" (PDF). Quinnipiac University. July 19, 2023. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  59. ↑ "July 2023: Harvard CAPS-Harris Poll" (PDF). Harvard Harris Poll. June 20, 2023. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  60. ↑ "The Economist/YouGov Poll July 22 – 25, 2023" (PDF). YouGov. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  61. ↑ "The economy's long, hot, and uncertain summer — CBS News poll - CBS News". www.cbsnews.com. July 30, 2023. Retrieved August 1, 2023.
  62. ↑ "Reuters/IPSOS Poll: Perceptions of the economy impact Biden's approval" (PDF). Retrieved September 30, 2023.
  63. ↑ "The Economist/YouGov Poll July 29 – August 1, 2023" (PDF). Retrieved September 30, 2023.
  64. ↑ Harper, Casey (August 18, 2023). "More voters say Biden untrustworthy, a poor leader". The Center Square. Retrieved September 30, 2023.
  65. ↑ Carson, Ed (August 7, 2023). "Biden Approval Rating Holds At Record Low As Americans Feel They're Falling Behind". Investor's Business Daily. Retrieved September 30, 2023.
  66. ↑ "Reuters/Ipsos Core Political Data" (PDF). August 9, 2023. Retrieved September 30, 2023.
  67. ↑ "The Economist/YouGov Poll August 5–8, 2023" (PDF). Retrieved September 30, 2023.
  68. ↑ "The August 2023 AP-NORC Center Poll" (PDF). Retrieved October 1, 2023.
  69. ↑ "Majority Of Americans Say Trump Should Be Prosecuted On Federal Criminal Charges Linked To 2020 Election, Quinnipiac University National Poll Finds; DeSantis Slips, Trump Widens Lead In GOP Primary". Quinnipiac University. August 16, 2023. Retrieved October 1, 2023.
  70. ↑ "JOE BIDEN AND KAMALA HARRIS' APPROVAL RATING" (PDF). Léger. August 14, 2023. Retrieved October 1, 2023.
  71. ↑ "Trump's Indictments & 2024". Marist College. August 16, 2023. Retrieved October 1, 2023.
  72. ↑ "The Economist/YouGov Poll August 12–15, 2023" (PDF). Retrieved October 1, 2023.
  73. ↑ "August 2023 National Poll: DeSantis Fades Into Tie with Ramaswamy; Trump Maintains Majority of GOP Support Ahead of Debate". Emerson College. August 19, 2023. Retrieved October 1, 2023.
  74. ↑ Romano, Andrew (August 25, 2023). "Poll: Americans more concerned with Trump charges than Hunter Biden allegations". Yahoo! News. Retrieved October 1, 2023.
  75. ↑ "The Economist/YouGov Poll August 19 – 22, 2023" (PDF). Retrieved October 1, 2023.
  76. ↑ Brenan, Megan (August 25, 2023). "Biden's Job Approval 42%; Higher on Ukraine, Race Relations". Gallup. Retrieved October 1, 2023.
  77. ↑ "New Poll: Majority of Voters Believe Impeachment Inquiry of President Biden Would Be More of a Partisan Political Stunt Than a Serious Investigation". Congressional Integrity Project. August 30, 2023. Retrieved October 1, 2023.
  78. ↑ "CNBC SurveyMonkey Your Money Poll August 2023". SurveyMonkey. August 31, 2023. Retrieved October 1, 2023.
  79. ↑ Whiteside, Stephanie (September 5, 2023). "Poll: Where voters stand on education to start the school year". NewsNation. Retrieved October 1, 2023.
  80. ↑ Holt, Matt (August 29, 2023). "Harris/Messenger Poll: Biden, Trump in Dead Heat, Ramaswamy Wins the Debate". The Messenger. Archived from the original on September 29, 2023. Retrieved October 1, 2023.
  81. ↑ "August 2023 National Poll: Trump Debate Snub May Open Door for Other Candidates". Emerson College. August 28, 2023. Retrieved October 1, 2023.
  82. ↑ "The Economist/YouGov Poll August 26 – 29, 2023" (PDF). Retrieved October 1, 2023.
  83. ↑ Siddiqui, Sabrina; Lucey, Catherine (September 4, 2023). "Biden's Age, Economic Worries Endanger Re-Election in 2024, WSJ Poll Finds". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved October 1, 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
  84. ↑ "The 19th SurveyMonkey 2023". Retrieved October 1, 2023.
  85. ↑ "SSRS/CNN Poll" (PDF). September 7, 2023. Retrieved October 1, 2023.
  86. ↑ "August Verified Voter Omnibus". Echelon Insights. Retrieved October 1, 2023.
  87. ↑ "The Economist/YouGov Poll September 2 – 5 2023" (PDF). Retrieved December 18, 2023.
  88. ↑ "CBS News Poll – September 5-8, 2023". Retrieved December 18, 2023.
  89. ↑ "Yahoo! News Survey - 20230918 - Politics September 14 – 18, 2023". Retrieved December 18, 2023.
  90. ↑ "The Economist/YouGov Poll September 30 - October 3, 2023" (PDF). Retrieved December 18, 2023.
  91. ↑ "Yahoo! News Survey - 20231016 October 12 - 16, 2023". Retrieved December 18, 2023.
  92. ↑ "CBS News Poll – October 16-19, 2023". Retrieved December 18, 2023.
  93. ↑ "The Economist/YouGov Poll November 5 - 7, 2023" (PDF). Retrieved December 18, 2023.
  94. ↑ "Yahoo! News Survey - 20231113 - Politics November 9 – 13, 2023". Retrieved December 18, 2023.
  95. ↑ "CBS News Poll – December 6 - 8, 2023". Retrieved December 18, 2023.
  96. ↑ "The Economist/YouGov Poll December 9 - 12, 2023" (PDF). Retrieved December 18, 2023.
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