tragar

See also: trágár

Asturian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tɾaˈɣaɾ/ [t̪ɾaˈɣaɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: tra‧gar

Verb

tragar (first-person singular indicative present trago, past participle tragáu)

1. to swallow (to cause to pass from the mouth into the stomach)

Conjugation

Conjugation of tragar

infinitive		tragar
gerund		tragando
past participle		m tragáu, f tragada, n tragao, m pl tragaos, f pl tragaes
person		first singular yo	second singular tu	third singular él/elli	first plural nosotros/nós	second plural vosotros/vós	third plural ellos
indicative	present	trago	tragues	traga	tragamos	tragáis	traguen
	imperfect	tragaba	tragabes	tragaba	tragábemos, tragábamos	tragabeis, tragabais	tragaben
	preterite	tragué	tragasti, traguesti	tragó	traguemos	tragastis, traguestis	tragaron
	pluperfect	tragare, tragara	tragares, tragaras	tragare, tragara	tragáremos, tragáramos	tragareis, tragarais	tragaren, tragaran
	future	tragaré	tragarás	tragará	tragaremos	tragaréis	tragarán
	conditional	tragaría	tragaríes	tragaría	tragaríemos, tragaríamos	tragaríeis, tragaríais	tragaríen
subjunctive	present	trague	tragues, tragas	trague	traguemos	traguéis	traguen, tragan
	imperfect	tragare, tragara	tragares, tragaras	tragare, tragara	tragáremos, tragáramos	tragareis, tragarais	tragaren, tragaran
imperative		—	traga	—	—	tragái	—

Further reading

• García Arias, Xosé Lluis (2002–2004), “tragar”, in Diccionario general de la lengua asturiana [General Dictionary of the Asturian Language] (overall work in Spanish), Editorial Prensa Asturiana, →ISBN
• “tragar”, in Diccionariu de la llingua asturiana [Dictionary of the Asturian Language] (in Asturian), 1st edition, Academy of the Asturian Language [Asturian: Academia de la Llingua Asturiana], 2000, →ISBN

Catalan

Etymology

Variant form of dragar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Northern, Balearic, Central) [tɾəˈɣa]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [tɾaˈɣaɾ]
• IPA^(key): (Northwestern) [tɾaˈɣa]

• Audio (Barcelona):

  (file)

Verb

tragar (first-person singular present trago, first-person singular preterite traguí, past participle tragat)

1. (transitive) to swallow
2. (transitive) to devour

Conjugation

    Central Catalan conjugation of tragar (first conjugation, g-gu alternation)

infinitive			tragar
gerund			tragant
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		tragat		tragada
		plural		tragats		tragades
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	trago	tragues	traga	traguem	tragueu	traguen
	imperfect	tragava	tragaves	tragava	tragàvem	tragàveu	tragaven
	future	tragaré	tragaràs	tragarà	tragarem	tragareu	tragaran
	preterite	traguí	tragares	tragà	tragàrem	tragàreu	tragaren
	conditional	tragaria	tragaries	tragaria	tragaríem	tragaríeu	tragarien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	tragui	traguis	tragui	traguem	tragueu	traguin
	imperfect	tragués	traguessis	tragués	traguéssim	traguéssiu	traguessin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	traga	tragui	traguem	tragueu	traguin
	negative (no)	—	no traguis	no tragui	no traguem	no tragueu	no traguin

Derived terms

• tragador
• traganeu
• traga-sabres

Further reading

• “tragar”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007

Galician

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese tragar (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria). Compare Portuguese tragar and Spanish tragar.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /tɾaˈɡaɾ/ [t̪ɾɑˈɣ̞ɑɾ]

• IPA^(key): (standard) /tɾaˈɡaɾ/ [t̪ɾɑˈɣ̞ɑɾ]
• IPA^(key): (gheada) /tɾaˈħaɾ/ [t̪ɾɑˈħɑɾ]

• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Hyphenation: tra‧gar

Verb

tragar (first-person singular present trago, first-person singular preterite traguei, past participle tragado)

1. to swallow

   Synonyms: engulir, engulipar, galdir, gandir, imbar, mougar, gulapar, larpar

Conjugation

    Conjugation of tragar (g-gu alternation)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti)	Third-person (el / ela / Vde.)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal	tragar
Personal	tragar	tragares	tragar	tragarmos	tragardes	tragaren
Gerund
	tragando
Past participle
Masculine	tragado			tragados
Feminine	tragada			tragadas
Indicative
Present	trago	tragas	traga	tragamos	tragades	tragan
Imperfect	tragaba	tragabas	tragaba	tragabamos	tragabades	tragaban
Preterite	traguei	tragaches	tragou	tragamos	tragastes	tragaron
Pluperfect	tragara	tragaras	tragara	tragaramos	tragarades	tragaran
Future	tragarei	tragarás	tragará	tragaremos	tragaredes	tragarán
Conditional	tragaría	tragarías	tragaría	tragariamos	tragariades	tragarían
Subjunctive
Present	trague	tragues	trague	traguemos	traguedes	traguen
Imperfect	tragase	tragases	tragase	tragásemos	tragásedes	tragasen
Future	tragar	tragares	tragar	tragarmos	tragardes	tragaren
Imperative
Affirmative		traga	trague	traguemos	tragade	traguen
Negative (non)		non tragues	non trague	non traguemos	non traguedes	non traguen

    Reintegrated conjugation of tragar (g-gu alternation) (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (ti / tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	tragar
Personal	tragar	tragares	tragar	tragarmos	tragardes	tragarem
Gerund
	tragando
Past participle
Masculine	tragado			tragados
Feminine	tragada			tragadas
Indicative
Present	trago	tragas	traga	tragamos	tragades, tragais	tragam
Imperfect	tragava	tragavas	tragava	tragávamos	tragávades, tragáveis, tragávais1	tragavam
Preterite	traguei	tragaste, tragache1	tragou	tragamos	tragastes	tragárom, tragaram
Pluperfect	tragara	tragaras	tragara	tragáramos	tragárades, tragáreis, tragárais1	tragaram
Future	tragarei	tragarás	tragará	tragaremos	tragaredes, tragareis	tragarám, tragarão
Conditional	tragaria	tragarias	tragaria	tragaríamos	tragaríades, tragaríeis, tragaríais1	tragariam
Subjunctive
Present	trague	tragues	trague	traguemos	traguedes, tragueis	traguem
Imperfect	tragasse	tragasses	tragasse	tragássemos	tragássedes, tragásseis	tragassem
Future	tragar	tragares	tragar	tragarmos	tragardes	tragarem
Imperative
Affirmative		traga	trague	traguemos	tragade, tragai	traguem
Negative (nom)		nom tragues	nom trague	nom traguemos	nom traguedes, nom tragueis	nom traguem

¹Less recommended.

Derived terms

• atragoar
• trago
• tragueira

References

• Seoane, Ernesto Xosé González; Granja, María Álvarez de la; Agrelo, Ana Isabel Boullón (2006–2022), “tragar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval [Dictionary of dictionaries of Medieval Galician] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Barreiro, Xavier Varela; Guinovart, Xavier Gómez (2006–2018), “tragar”, in Corpus Xelmírez: corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval [Corpus Xelmírez: linguistic corpus of Medieval Galicia] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “tragar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• “tragar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2026
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “tragar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• “tragar”, in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (in Galician), 2014–2026
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “tragar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Portuguese

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *tragāre, possibly from Doric Greek τράγω (trágō), in which case cognate with Attic Greek τρώγω (trṓgō, “to eat, to swallow”). Alternatively, Coromines suggests an origin ultimately in dracō (“dragon”), via an attested tracō (“underground cavern”), in the sense of "that which swallows [things] up". Cognate with Catalan dragar, Aragonese, Galician, and Spanish tragar.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /tɾaˈɡa(ʁ)/ [tɾaˈɡa(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /tɾaˈɡa(ʁ)/ [tɾaˈɡa(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /tɾaˈɡa(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /tɾaˈɡa(ʁ)/ [tɾaˈɡa(χ)]
  • (Caipira) IPA^(key): /tɾaˈɡa(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /tɾɐˈɡaɾ/ [tɾɐˈɣaɾ]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /tɾɐˈɡaɾ/ [tɾɐˈɣaɾ]
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /tɾɐˈɡa.ɾi/

• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Hyphenation: tra‧gar

Verb

tragar (first-person singular present trago, first-person singular preterite traguei, past participle tragado)

1. to inhale smoke from a cigarette
2. (literary) to gulp down, to swallow
3. (uncommon) to quaff (drink with vigour, in large draughts)
4. (uncommon) to devour; to engulf (to surround or cover)
5. (uncommon) to stand; to withstand (to resist or endure something successfully)

   Synonyms: aguentar, aturar, suportar

Conjugation

    Conjugation of tragar (g-gu alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	tragar
Personal	tragar	tragares	tragar	tragarmos	tragardes	tragarem
Gerund
	tragando
Past participle
Masculine	tragado			tragados
Feminine	tragada			tragadas
Indicative
Present	trago	tragas	traga	tragamos	tragais	tragam
Imperfect	tragava	tragavas	tragava	tragávamos	tragáveis	tragavam
Preterite	traguei	tragaste	tragou	tragamos1, tragámos2	tragastes	tragaram
Pluperfect	tragara	tragaras	tragara	tragáramos	tragáreis	tragaram
Future	tragarei	tragarás	tragará	tragaremos	tragareis	tragarão
Conditional	tragaria	tragarias	tragaria	tragaríamos	tragaríeis	tragariam
Subjunctive
Present	trague	tragues	trague	traguemos	tragueis	traguem
Imperfect	tragasse	tragasses	tragasse	tragássemos	tragásseis	tragassem
Future	tragar	tragares	tragar	tragarmos	tragardes	tragarem
Imperative
Affirmative		traga	trague	traguemos	tragai	traguem
Negative (não)		não tragues	não trague	não traguemos	não tragueis	não traguem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Derived terms

• tragável

Further reading

• “tragar”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “tragar” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913
• “tragar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Spanish

Etymology

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *tragāre, possibly from Doric Greek τράγω (trágō), in which case cognate with Attic Greek τρώγω (trṓgō, “to eat, to swallow”). Alternatively, Coromines suggests an origin ultimately in dracō (“dragon”), via an attested tracō (“underground cavern”), in the sense of "that which swallows [things] up". Cognate with Catalan dragar, Aragonese, Galician, and Portuguese tragar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tɾaˈɡaɾ/ [t̪ɾaˈɣ̞aɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: tra‧gar

Verb

tragar (first-person singular present trago, first-person singular preterite tragué, past participle tragado)

1. (transitive, but often pronominal) to swallow (to cause to pass from the mouth into the stomach)

   Dijo algo tan ridículo que casi olvidé tragarme la comida.

   He said something so funny that I almost forgot to swallow my food.

2. (transitive, but often pronominal) to swallow, consume, absorb (take (something) in so that it disappears)

   La oscuridad se tragó el bosque.

   The murk consumed the forest.

3. (transitive, but often pronominal) to gulp, swallow, devour (eat quickly and eagerly)
4. (transitive, pronominal) to buy into, fall for (easily believe something without questioning)
5. (transitive, pronominal) to stand, tolerate
6. (proscribed, colloquial) to eat

Conjugation

    Conjugation of tragar (g-gu alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			tragar
gerund			tragando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		tragado		tragada
		plural		tragados		tragadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	trago	tragastú tragásvos	traga	tragamos	tragáis	tragan
	imperfect	tragaba	tragabas	tragaba	tragábamos	tragabais	tragaban
	preterite	tragué	tragaste	tragó	tragamos	tragasteis	tragaron
	future	tragaré	tragarás	tragará	tragaremos	tragaréis	tragarán
	conditional	tragaría	tragarías	tragaría	tragaríamos	tragaríais	tragarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	trague	traguestú traguésvos2	trague	traguemos	traguéis	traguen
	imperfect (ra)	tragara	tragaras	tragara	tragáramos	tragarais	tragaran
	imperfect (se)	tragase	tragases	tragase	tragásemos	tragaseis	tragasen
	future1	tragare	tragares	tragare	tragáremos	tragareis	tragaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		tragatú tragávos	trague	traguemos	tragad	traguen
	negative		no tragues	no trague	no traguemos	no traguéis	no traguen

¹Rare; now chiefly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tuteo-form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of tragar (g-gu alternation)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive tragar	dative	tragarme	tragarte	tragarle, tragarse	tragarnos	tragaros	tragarles, tragarse
	accusative	tragarme	tragarte	tragarlo, tragarla, tragarse	tragarnos	tragaros	tragarlos, tragarlas, tragarse
with gerund tragando	dative	tragándome	tragándote	tragándole, tragándose	tragándonos	tragándoos	tragándoles, tragándose
	accusative	tragándome	tragándote	tragándolo, tragándola, tragándose	tragándonos	tragándoos	tragándolos, tragándolas, tragándose
with informal second-person singular tuteo imperative traga	dative	trágame	trágate	trágale	tráganos	not used	trágales
	accusative	trágame	trágate	trágalo, trágala	tráganos	not used	trágalos, trágalas
with informal second-person singular voseo imperative tragá	dative	tragame	tragate	tragale	traganos	not used	tragales
	accusative	tragame	tragate	tragalo, tragala	traganos	not used	tragalos, tragalas
with formal second-person singular imperative trague	dative	trágueme	not used	tráguele, tráguese	tráguenos	not used	trágueles
	accusative	trágueme	not used	tráguelo, tráguela, tráguese	tráguenos	not used	tráguelos, tráguelas
with first-person plural imperative traguemos	dative	not used	traguémoste	traguémosle	traguémonos	traguémoos	traguémosles
	accusative	not used	traguémoste	traguémoslo, traguémosla	traguémonos	traguémoos	traguémoslos, traguémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative tragad	dative	tragadme	not used	tragadle	tragadnos	tragaos	tragadles
	accusative	tragadme	not used	tragadlo, tragadla	tragadnos	tragaos	tragadlos, tragadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative traguen	dative	tráguenme	not used	tráguenle	tráguennos	not used	tráguenles, tráguense
	accusative	tráguenme	not used	tráguenlo, tráguenla	tráguennos	not used	tráguenlos, tráguenlas, tráguense

    Conjugation of tragarse (g-gu alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			tragarse
gerund			tragándose
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		tragado		tragada
		plural		tragados		tragadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
personal non-finite		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	infinitive	tragarme	tragarte	tragarse	tragarnos	tragaros	tragarse
	gerund	tragándome	tragándote	tragándose	tragándonos	tragándoos	tragándose
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	me trago	te tragastú te tragásvos	se traga	nos tragamos	os tragáis	se tragan
	imperfect	me tragaba	te tragabas	se tragaba	nos tragábamos	os tragabais	se tragaban
	preterite	me tragué	te tragaste	se tragó	nos tragamos	os tragasteis	se tragaron
	future	me tragaré	te tragarás	se tragará	nos tragaremos	os tragaréis	se tragarán
	conditional	me tragaría	te tragarías	se tragaría	nos tragaríamos	os tragaríais	se tragarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	me trague	te traguestú te traguésvos2	se trague	nos traguemos	os traguéis	se traguen
	imperfect (ra)	me tragara	te tragaras	se tragara	nos tragáramos	os tragarais	se tragaran
	imperfect (se)	me tragase	te tragases	se tragase	nos tragásemos	os tragaseis	se tragasen
	future1	me tragare	te tragares	se tragare	nos tragáremos	os tragareis	se tragaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		trágatetú tragatevos	tráguese	traguémonos	tragaos	tráguense
	negative		no te tragues	no se trague	no nos traguemos	no os traguéis	no se traguen

¹Rare; now chiefly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tuteo-form for the present subjunctive.

Derived terms

• atragantar
• estragar
• no poder tragar
• tragadera
• tragador
• tragafuegos
• trágala
• tragaleguas
• tragalibros
• tragaluz
• trágame tierra
• tragamonedas
• tragantón
• tragar saliva
• tragarse con patatas
• tragarse la tierra
• tragarse un marrón
• tragasables
• trago
• tragón
• traguear

References

• Roberts, Edward A. (2014), A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Spanish Language with Families of Words based on Indo-European Roots, Self-published: Xlibris, →ISBN

Further reading

• “tragar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025
• “tragar”, in Diccionario de americanismos [Dictionary of Americanisms] (in Spanish), Association of Academies of the Spanish Language [Spanish: Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española], 2010