Wiktionary

pena

See also: Appendix:Variations of "pena"
Languages (20)
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English

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Meitei classical musicians playing pena

Etymology

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    Borrowed from Manipuri ꯄꯦꯅꯥ (penā).

    Proper noun

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    pena

    1. A Meitei classical musical instrument.

    Anagrams

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    Asturian

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    Noun

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    pena f (plural penes)

    1. grief; sorrow
    2. punishment
    3. sentence (for a crime)

    Derived terms

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    Catalan

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    Etymology 1

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    Inherited from Old Catalan pena, from Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ).

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    pena f (plural penes)

    1. punishment
    2. (law) penalty
    3. grief, sorrow, pain
    4. difficulty, trouble
    5. a shame, a pity
    Derived terms
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    Etymology 2

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      Inherited from Latin pinna (“fin”).

      Pronunciation

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      Noun

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      pena f (plural penes)

      1. peen (of a hammer)
      2. (nautical) aft portion of the yard (spar used to attach a sail)

      Etymology 3

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      Inherited from Latin pinna (“merlon”).

      Pronunciation

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      Noun

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      pena f (plural penes)

      1. alternative form of penya (“large rock”)

      Etymology 4

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      Pronunciation

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      Verb

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      pena

      1. inflection of penar:
        1. third-person singular present indicative
        2. second-person singular imperative

      References

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      Central Bikol

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      Alternative forms

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      Etymology

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      Borrowed from Spanish pena.

      Pronunciation

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      • IPA(key): /ˈpena/ [ˈpe.n̪a]
      • Hyphenation: pe‧na

      Noun

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      péna (Basahan spelling ᜉᜒᜈ)

      1. penalty
        Synonym: padusa
      2. prohibition; forbiddance
        Synonyms: prohibisiyon, pagbawal, pangalad

      Verb

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      péna (plural perena, Basahan spelling ᜉᜒᜈ)

      1. to penalize
        Synonym: padusa
      2. to prohibit, to forbid
        Synonym: prohibir

      Derived terms

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      Galician

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      Pronunciation

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      • IPA(key): /ˈpena/ [ˈpe.nɐ]
      • Rhymes: -ena
      • Hyphenation: pe‧na

      Etymology 1

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      Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese pena (displacing pẽa), from Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “penalty, fine, bloodmoney”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷoynéh₂.

      Noun

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      pena f (plural penas)

      1. punishment, penalty
        Synonym: castigo
        • 1370, Enrique Cal Pardo, editor, Colección diplomática medieval do arquivo da catedral de Mondoñedo, Santiago: Consello da Cultura Galega, page 103:
          o bispo et esse Ferrand Bonome por si et por sa moller se obligaron su pena de mill mor. da boa moneda para gardaren a vnna parte aa outra todas estas cousas
          the bishop and this Fernando Bonome, for him and for his wife, compromised themselves, under a penalty of a thousand coins, to respect this agreement
      2. pain; sadness
        Synonyms: dor, tristura, mágoa
        • 1370, Ramón Lorenzo, editor, Crónica troiana, A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 731:
          en guisa que a sua alma ouuese bẽeyçóm et nõ andase en pena
          so that his soul would be blessed and wouldn't wander in pain
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      Etymology 2

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        From Old Galician-Portuguese pena, from Latin pinna (“feather, wing”), from Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én- (“feather, wing”), from *peth₂- (“to fly”).

        Noun

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        pena f (plural penas)

        1. vanes or blades of a water wheel
          Synonym: aspa
        2. (archaic) feather
          Synonym: pluma
          • 1697, Juan Antonio Torrado, Fala o corvo:
            Fala o corbo, escoyten todos:
            Eu veño con asas negras
            Cortando os ventos de longe
            Para chegar à estas festas.
            Oge Apolo me tornou
            En brancas as negras penas,
            Para cantar como o Cisne
            As grandezas de Fonseca.
            The raven speaks, listen everyone:
            "I come with black wings
            Cutting the winds from afar
            To arrive to these feasts.
            Today Apolo turned
            White my black feathers
            For singing, as the Swan,
            The greatness of Fonseca."
        3. (archaic) pelt
          Synonym: pelica
          • 1409, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Rufus, Jordanus: Tratado de Albeitaria, Santiago de Compostela: Centro Ramón Piñeiro, page 133:
            coito todo ensenbra con pena de gallina
            all of that boiled together with a hen pelt
        Derived terms
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        Etymology 3

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        Pena do Guerreiro (rock known as "the Warrior"), Carnota, Galicia
         
        Pena Surbia (2116 m) and Pena Trevinca (2127 m), highest mountains in Galicia

        From Old Galician-Portuguese pena (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), either from Latin pinna ("feather, wing"; then "merlon, fortress"; then, hypothetically, "rock"), or from Proto-Celtic *kʷennom (“head”).[1][2] Compare Portuguese penha.

        Noun

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        pena f (plural penas)

        1. boulder, rock
          Synonym: penedo
          • 1370, Ramón Lorenzo, editor, Crónica troiana, A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 688:
            alý se leuãtara hũa pena, que era en çima moy chãa et moyto alta contra o çeo
            there a rock stood, which was very flat at the top and which rose very high
        2. (archaic, place names) hill, hillock; mountain
          Synonym: cabeza
        Derived terms
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        References

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        1. ^ Cf. Coromines, Joan; Pascual, José Antonio (1983–1991), “peña”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critical Castilian and Hispanic etymological dictionary]‎[1] (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos
        2. ^ García Trabazo, José Virgilio (2016), “Prelatin Toponymy of Asturies: a critical review in a historical-comparative perspective”, in Lletres Asturianes‎[2], number 115, retrieved 14 June 2018, pages 51-71

        Guinea-Bissau Creole

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        Etymology

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        From Portuguese pena. Cognate with Kabuverdianu péna.

        Noun

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        pena

        1. feather

        Indonesian

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        Alternative forms

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        Etymology

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        Inherited from Malay pena, from Portuguese pena (“quill”), from Old Galician-Portuguese pena, from Latin penna and pinna, from Proto-Italic *petnā (“feather, wing”), from Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én- (“feather, wing”), from *peth₂- (“to fly”). Doublet of pen.

        Pronunciation

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        Noun

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        pèna (plural pena-pena)

        1. pen (writing utensil)
          Synonym: bolpen

        Derived terms

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        Further reading

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        Italian

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        Pronunciation

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        • IPA(key): /ˈpe.na/
        • Rhymes: -ena
        • Hyphenation: pé‧na

        Etymology 1

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        From Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ).

        Noun

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        pena f (plural pene)

        1. pain
          Synonym: dolore
        2. sorrow
        3. trouble
        4. worry, anxiety
        5. pity
        6. sentence, penalty, punishment
          Synonyms: castigo, punizione
        Derived terms
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        Etymology 2

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        Verb

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        pena

        1. inflection of penare:
          1. third-person singular present indicative
          2. second-person singular imperative

        Further reading

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        • “pena”, in Vocabolario Treccani on line (in Italian), Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana, 2026

        Anagrams

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        Ladin

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        Etymology

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        From Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ).

        Noun

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        pena f (plural penes)

        1. penalty, punishment

        Latin

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        Pronunciation

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        Noun

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        pēna f (genitive pēnae); first declension

        1. alternative form of poena [Mediaeval–early New Latin]

        Declension

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        First-declension noun.

        singular plural
        nominative pēna pēnae
        genitive pēnae pēnārum
        dative pēnae pēnīs
        accusative pēnam pēnās
        ablative pēnā pēnīs
        vocative pēna pēnae

        References

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        • "pena", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
        • “pena”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
        • pena in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)), Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎[3], pre-publication website, 2005-2016

        Old Occitan

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        Etymology

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        From Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ).

        Noun

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        pena f (oblique plural penas, nominative singular pena, nominative plural penas)

        1. pain; suffering

        Synonyms

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        Descendants

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        • Occitan: pena

        Portuguese

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        Etymology 1

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        Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese pena (displacing pẽa), from Latin poena,[1] from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “penalty, fine, bloodmoney”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷoynéh₂.

        Pronunciation

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        Noun

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        pena f (plural penas)

        1. punishment
          Synonyms: castigo, condenação
        2. pain; sadness
          Synonyms: dor, tristeza
        Derived terms
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        Interjection

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        pena

        1. pity (what a shame, what a pity)

        Etymology 2

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        pena (noun sense 1)

          Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese pẽna, from Latin penna and pinna,[1] from Proto-Italic *petnā (“feather, wing”), from Proto-Indo-European *péth₂r̥ ~ pth₂én- (“feather, wing”), from *peth₂- (“to fly”).

          Alternative forms

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          • penna (pre-standardization spelling)

          Pronunciation

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          Noun

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          pena f (plural penas)

          2. feather
            Synonym: pluma
          4. quill (pen made from a feather)
          5. obsolete form of penha
          Derived terms
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          Etymology 3

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            See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

            Pronunciation

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            Verb

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            pena

            1. inflection of penar:
              1. third-person singular present indicative
              2. second-person singular imperative

            References

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            1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 “pena”, in Dicionário Infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2026

            Further reading

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            Serbo-Croatian

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            Alternative forms

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            Etymology

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            Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pěna, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *(s)páināˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)poH(y)-.

            Noun

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            pȅna f (Cyrillic spelling пе̏на)

            1. foam

            Declension

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            Declension of pena
            singular plural
            nominative pȅna pene
            genitive pene pȇnā
            dative peni penama
            accusative penu pene
            vocative peno pene
            locative peni penama
            instrumental penom penama

            Slovak

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            Slovak Wikipedia has an article on:
            Wikipedia sk

            Etymology

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              Inherited from Proto-Slavic *pěna.

              Pronunciation

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              • IPA(key): /pena/, [ˈpena]
              • Rhymes: -ena
              • Hyphenation: pe‧na

              Noun

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              pena f (relational adjective penový, diminutive penička or pienka)

              1. foam

              Declension

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              Declension of pena
              (pattern žena)
              singularplural
              nominativepenapeny
              genitivepenypien
              dativepenepenám
              accusativepenupeny
              locativepenepenách
              instrumentalpenoupenami

              Further reading

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              • “pena”, in Slovníkový portál Jazykovedného ústavu Ľ. Štúra SAV [Dictionary portal of the Ľ. Štúr Institute of Linguistics, Slovak Academy of Science] (in Slovak), https://slovnik.juls.savba.sk, 2003–2026

              Slovene

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              Slovene Wikipedia has an article on:
              Wikipedia sl

              Etymology

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              From Proto-Slavic *pěna.

              Pronunciation

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              Noun

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              pẹ́na f

              1. foam

              Declension

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              		 The diacritics used in this section of the entry are non-tonal. If you are a native tonal speaker, please help by adding the tonal marks.
              Feminine, a-stem
              nominative péna
              genitive péne
              singular
              nominative
              (imenovȃlnik)               		péna
              genitive
              (rodȋlnik)               		péne
              dative
              (dajȃlnik)               		péni
              accusative
              (tožȋlnik)               		péno
              locative
              (mẹ̑stnik)               		péni
              instrumental
              (orọ̑dnik)               		péno

              Further reading

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              • “pena”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU (in Slovene), 2014–2026

              Spanish

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              Pronunciation

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              • IPA(key): /ˈpena/ [ˈpe.na]
              • Audio (Colombia):(file)
              • Rhymes: -ena
              • Syllabification: pe‧na

              Etymology 1

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              Inherited from Old Spanish pena, from Latin poena, from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ).

              Noun

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              pena f (plural penas)

              1. (countable, law) punishment, sentence
                Synonyms: castigo, condena
                pena de prisión ― prison sentence
                • 2021 June 20, Carlos E. Cué, “Las razones de los nueve indultos: “Fomentar la convivencia en Cataluña””, in El País‎[4], archived from the original on 21 June 2021:
                  Serán parciales —solo se perdonará la pena de prisión que queda por cumplir, pero la inhabilitación para cargos públicos seguirá vigente— y reversibles.
                  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
              2. (uncountable) pity (sympathy)
                Synonym: lástima
                ¡Ay, qué pena ese gato! ― I feel (so) sorry for that cat.
                1. used in dar pena
              3. (uncountable) sorrow
                Synonyms: lástima, tristeza
                1. used in dar pena
              4. (Latin America, Tenerife, uncountable) embarrassment
                Synonyms: vergüenza, palta (Peru)
              5. trouble
                Synonyms: problema, dificultad
                (Can we add an example for this sense?)
              6. (Canary Islands, often as "penita") bellyache
              Derived terms
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              Etymology 2

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              Verb

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              pena

              1. inflection of penar:
                1. third-person singular present indicative
                2. second-person singular imperative

              Further reading

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              Tagalog

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              Etymology

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                Borrowed from Spanish pena.

                Pronunciation

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                Noun

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                pena (Baybayin spelling ᜉᜒᜈ)

                1. punishment
                  Synonyms: kastigo, parusa
                2. penalty; fine
                3. pain; sorrow; grief
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                References

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                • “pena”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, 2018

                Turkish

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                Etymology

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                From Italian penna.

                Pronunciation

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                • IPA(key): /ˈpɛnɑ/
                • Hyphenation: pe‧na

                Noun

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                pena (definite accusative penayı, plural penalar)

                1. (music) plectrum

                Declension

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                Declension of pena
                singular plural
                nominative pena penalar
                definite accusative penayı penaları
                dative penaya penalara
                locative penada penalarda
                ablative penadan penalardan
                genitive penanın penaların

                Synonyms

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                Venetan

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                Etymology

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                From Vulgar Latin *ad poenam, with apheresis of /a-/. Compare Italian appena, etc.

                Adverb

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                pena

                1. hardly

                Volapük

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                Noun

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                pena

                1. genitive singular of pen
                Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=pena&oldid=92094504"