menstruar

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Northern, Balearic, Central) [məns.tɾuˈa]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [mens.tɾuˈaɾ]
• IPA^(key): (Northwestern) [mens.tɾuˈa]

Verb

menstruar (first-person singular present menstruo, first-person singular preterite menstruí, past participle menstruat)

1. to menstruate

Conjugation

    Central Catalan conjugation of menstruar (first conjugation)

infinitive			menstruar
gerund			menstruant
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		menstruat		menstruada
		plural		menstruats		menstruades
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	menstruo	menstrues	menstrua	menstruem	menstrueu	menstruen
	imperfect	menstruava	menstruaves	menstruava	menstruàvem	menstruàveu	menstruaven
	future	menstruaré	menstruaràs	menstruarà	menstruarem	menstruareu	menstruaran
	preterite	menstruí	menstruares	menstruà	menstruàrem	menstruàreu	menstruaren
	conditional	menstruaria	menstruaries	menstruaria	menstruaríem	menstruaríeu	menstruarien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	menstruï	menstruïs	menstruï	menstruem	menstrueu	menstruïn
	imperfect	menstrués	menstruessis	menstrués	menstruéssim	menstruéssiu	menstruessin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	menstrua	menstruï	menstruem	menstrueu	menstruïn
	negative (no)	—	no menstruïs	no menstruï	no menstruem	no menstrueu	no menstruïn

Related terms

• menstru
• menstruació
• menstrual

Further reading

• “menstruar”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007

Portuguese

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁

Proto-Indo-European *dwi-

Proto-Italic *dwi-

Latin bi-

Proto-Indo-European *meh₁-?

Proto-Indo-European *mḗh₁n̥s

Proto-Italic *mēns

Proto-Italic *mēnsis

Latin mēnsis

Latin -tris

Latin bimēnstrisbf.

▲

Latin annuusinflu.

Latin mēnstruus

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂

Proto-Indo-European *-yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.

Proto-Italic *-ājō

Proto-Italic *-āō

Latin -ō

Latin mēnstruārelbor.

Portuguese menstruar

Learned borrowing from Latin mēnstruāre. By surface analysis, mênstruo +‎ -ar.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /mẽs.tɾuˈa(ʁ)/ [mẽs.tɾuˈa(h)], (faster) /mẽsˈtɾwa(ʁ)/ [mẽsˈtɾwa(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /mẽs.tɾuˈa(ʁ)/ [mẽs.tɾuˈa(h)], (faster) /mẽsˈtɾwa(ʁ)/ [mẽsˈtɾwa(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /mẽs.tɾuˈa(ɾ)/, (faster) /mẽsˈtɾwa(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /mẽʃ.tɾuˈa(ʁ)/ [mẽʃ.tɾuˈa(χ)], (faster) /mẽʃˈtɾwa(ʁ)/ [mẽʃˈtɾwa(χ)]
  • (Caipira) IPA^(key): /mẽs.tɾuˈa(ɻ)/, (faster) /mẽsˈtɾwa(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /mẽʃ.tɾuˈaɾ/, (faster) /mẽʃˈtɾwaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /mẽʃ.tɾuˈaɾ/, (faster) /mẽʃˈtɾwaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /mẽʃ.tɾuˈa.ɾi/, (faster) /mẽʃˈtɾwa.ɾi/

• Hyphenation: mens‧tru‧ar

Verb

menstruar (first-person singular present menstruo, first-person singular preterite menstruei, past participle menstruado)

1. to menstruate

Conjugation

    Conjugation of menstruar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	menstruar
Personal	menstruar	menstruares	menstruar	menstruarmos	menstruardes	menstruarem
Gerund
	menstruando
Past participle
Masculine	menstruado			menstruados
Feminine	menstruada			menstruadas
Indicative
Present	menstruo	menstruas	menstrua	menstruamos	menstruais	menstruam
Imperfect	menstruava	menstruavas	menstruava	menstruávamos	menstruáveis	menstruavam
Preterite	menstruei	menstruaste	menstruou	menstruamos1, menstruámos2	menstruastes	menstruaram
Pluperfect	menstruara	menstruaras	menstruara	menstruáramos	menstruáreis	menstruaram
Future	menstruarei	menstruarás	menstruará	menstruaremos	menstruareis	menstruarão
Conditional	menstruaria	menstruarias	menstruaria	menstruaríamos	menstruaríeis	menstruariam
Subjunctive
Present	menstrue	menstrues	menstrue	menstruemos	menstrueis	menstruem
Imperfect	menstruasse	menstruasses	menstruasse	menstruássemos	menstruásseis	menstruassem
Future	menstruar	menstruares	menstruar	menstruarmos	menstruardes	menstruarem
Imperative
Affirmative		menstrua	menstrue	menstruemos	menstruai	menstruem
Negative (não)		não menstrues	não menstrue	não menstruemos	não menstrueis	não menstruem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Derived terms

• menstruação

Related terms

• mês

Further reading

• “menstruar”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “menstruar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /mensˈtɾwaɾ/ [mẽnsˈt̪ɾwaɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: mens‧truar

Verb

menstruar (first-person singular present menstrúo, first-person singular preterite menstrué, past participle menstruado)

1. to menstruate

Conjugation

    Conjugation of menstruar (u-ú alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			menstruar
gerund			menstruando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		menstruado		menstruada
		plural		menstruados		menstruadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	menstrúo	menstrúastú menstruásvos	menstrúa	menstruamos	menstruáis	menstrúan
	imperfect	menstruaba	menstruabas	menstruaba	menstruábamos	menstruabais	menstruaban
	preterite	menstrué	menstruaste	menstruó	menstruamos	menstruasteis	menstruaron
	future	menstruaré	menstruarás	menstruará	menstruaremos	menstruaréis	menstruarán
	conditional	menstruaría	menstruarías	menstruaría	menstruaríamos	menstruaríais	menstruarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	menstrúe	menstrúestú menstruésvos2	menstrúe	menstruemos	menstruéis	menstrúen
	imperfect (ra)	menstruara	menstruaras	menstruara	menstruáramos	menstruarais	menstruaran
	imperfect (se)	menstruase	menstruases	menstruase	menstruásemos	menstruaseis	menstruasen
	future1	menstruare	menstruares	menstruare	menstruáremos	menstruareis	menstruaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		menstrúatú menstruávos	menstrúe	menstruemos	menstruad	menstrúen
	negative		no menstrúes	no menstrúe	no menstruemos	no menstruéis	no menstrúen

¹Rare; now chiefly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tuteo-form for the present subjunctive.

Related terms

• menstruación
• menstrual
• menstruo

Further reading

• “menstruar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025