litigar

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin litigāre.

Pronunciation

• Audio (Barcelona):

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Verb

litigar (first-person singular present litigo, first-person singular preterite litiguí, past participle litigat)

1. (transitive) to litigate

   Synonym: pledejar

Conjugation

    Central Catalan conjugation of litigar (first conjugation, g-gu alternation)

infinitive			litigar
gerund			litigant
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		litigat		litigada
		plural		litigats		litigades
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	litigo	litigues	litiga	litiguem	litigueu	litiguen
	imperfect	litigava	litigaves	litigava	litigàvem	litigàveu	litigaven
	future	litigaré	litigaràs	litigarà	litigarem	litigareu	litigaran
	preterite	litiguí	litigares	litigà	litigàrem	litigàreu	litigaren
	conditional	litigaria	litigaries	litigaria	litigaríem	litigaríeu	litigarien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	litigui	litiguis	litigui	litiguem	litigueu	litiguin
	imperfect	litigués	litiguessis	litigués	litiguéssim	litiguéssiu	litiguessin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	litiga	litigui	litiguem	litigueu	litiguin
	negative (no)	—	no litiguis	no litigui	no litiguem	no litigueu	no litiguin

Related terms

• litigació
• litigant
• litigi
• litigiós

Further reading

• “litigar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2026

Ido

Etymology

From lito (“bed”) +‎ -igar.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /litiˈɡar/

Verb

litigar (present tense litigas, past tense litigis, future tense litigos, imperative litigez, conditional litigus)

1. (transitive) to make into a bed

Conjugation

Conjugation of litigar

		present		past		future
infinitive		litigar		litigir		litigor
tense		litigas		litigis		litigos
conditional		litigus		—		—
imperative		litigez		—		—
adjective active participle		litiganta		litiginta		litigonta
adverbial active participle		litigante		litiginte		litigonte
nominal active participle	singular	litiganto		litiginto		litigonto
	plural	litiganti		litiginti		litigonti
adjective passive participle		litigata		litigita		litigota
adverbial passive participle		litigate		litigite		litigote
nominal passive participle	singular	litigato		litigito		litigoto
	plural	litigati		litigiti		litigoti

Related terms

• enlitigar

Portuguese

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *slíHtis

Proto-Italic *slītis

Old Latin stlīs

Latin lis

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂

Proto-Indo-European *-yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.

Proto-Italic *-ājō

Proto-Italic *-āō

Latin -ōder.

Latin -igo

Latin lītigārelbor.

Portuguese litigar

Learned borrowing from Latin lītigāre (“to dispute”). Doublet of lidar.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /li.t͡ʃiˈɡa(ʁ)/ [li.t͡ʃiˈɡa(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /li.t͡ʃiˈɡa(ʁ)/ [li.t͡ʃiˈɡa(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /li.t͡ʃiˈɡa(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /li.t͡ʃiˈɡa(ʁ)/ [li.t͡ʃiˈɡa(χ)]
  • (Caipira) IPA^(key): /li.t͡ʃiˈɡa(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /li.tiˈɡaɾ/ [li.tiˈɣaɾ]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /li.tiˈɡaɾ/ [li.tiˈɣaɾ]
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /li.tiˈɡa.ɾi/

• Hyphenation: li‧ti‧gar

Verb

litigar (first-person singular present litigo, first-person singular preterite litiguei, past participle litigado)

1. (ambitransitive, law) to litigate, contest

   Synonym: pleitear

2. (transitive, figuratively) to contend, fight

Conjugation

    Conjugation of litigar (g-gu alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	litigar
Personal	litigar	litigares	litigar	litigarmos	litigardes	litigarem
Gerund
	litigando
Past participle
Masculine	litigado			litigados
Feminine	litigada			litigadas
Indicative
Present	litigo	litigas	litiga	litigamos	litigais	litigam
Imperfect	litigava	litigavas	litigava	litigávamos	litigáveis	litigavam
Preterite	litiguei	litigaste	litigou	litigamos1, litigámos2	litigastes	litigaram
Pluperfect	litigara	litigaras	litigara	litigáramos	litigáreis	litigaram
Future	litigarei	litigarás	litigará	litigaremos	litigareis	litigarão
Conditional	litigaria	litigarias	litigaria	litigaríamos	litigaríeis	litigariam
Subjunctive
Present	litigue	litigues	litigue	litiguemos	litigueis	litiguem
Imperfect	litigasse	litigasses	litigasse	litigássemos	litigásseis	litigassem
Future	litigar	litigares	litigar	litigarmos	litigardes	litigarem
Imperative
Affirmative		litiga	litigue	litiguemos	litigai	litiguem
Negative (não)		não litigues	não litigue	não litiguemos	não litigueis	não litiguem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Related terms

• litígio

Further reading

• “litigar”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “litigar”, in Dicionário inFormal (in Portuguese), 2006–2026
• “litigar” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913
• “litigar”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2026, →ISBN
• “litigar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Spanish

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin litigāre. Doublet of lidiar, which was inherited.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /litiˈɡaɾ/ [li.t̪iˈɣ̞aɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: li‧ti‧gar

Verb

litigar (first-person singular present litigo, first-person singular preterite litigué, past participle litigado)

1. (ambitransitive) to litigate
2. (intransitive) to argue, dispute, quarrel

Conjugation

    Conjugation of litigar (g-gu alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			litigar
gerund			litigando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		litigado		litigada
		plural		litigados		litigadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	litigo	litigastú litigásvos	litiga	litigamos	litigáis	litigan
	imperfect	litigaba	litigabas	litigaba	litigábamos	litigabais	litigaban
	preterite	litigué	litigaste	litigó	litigamos	litigasteis	litigaron
	future	litigaré	litigarás	litigará	litigaremos	litigaréis	litigarán
	conditional	litigaría	litigarías	litigaría	litigaríamos	litigaríais	litigarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	litigue	litiguestú litiguésvos2	litigue	litiguemos	litiguéis	litiguen
	imperfect (ra)	litigara	litigaras	litigara	litigáramos	litigarais	litigaran
	imperfect (se)	litigase	litigases	litigase	litigásemos	litigaseis	litigasen
	future1	litigare	litigares	litigare	litigáremos	litigareis	litigaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		litigatú litigávos	litigue	litiguemos	litigad	litiguen
	negative		no litigues	no litigue	no litiguemos	no litiguéis	no litiguen

¹Rare; now chiefly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tuteo-form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of litigar (g-gu alternation)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive litigar	dative	litigarme	litigarte	litigarle, litigarse	litigarnos	litigaros	litigarles, litigarse
	accusative	litigarme	litigarte	litigarlo, litigarla, litigarse	litigarnos	litigaros	litigarlos, litigarlas, litigarse
with gerund litigando	dative	litigándome	litigándote	litigándole, litigándose	litigándonos	litigándoos	litigándoles, litigándose
	accusative	litigándome	litigándote	litigándolo, litigándola, litigándose	litigándonos	litigándoos	litigándolos, litigándolas, litigándose
with informal second-person singular tuteo imperative litiga	dative	litígame	litígate	litígale	litíganos	not used	litígales
	accusative	litígame	litígate	litígalo, litígala	litíganos	not used	litígalos, litígalas
with informal second-person singular voseo imperative litigá	dative	litigame	litigate	litigale	litiganos	not used	litigales
	accusative	litigame	litigate	litigalo, litigala	litiganos	not used	litigalos, litigalas
with formal second-person singular imperative litigue	dative	litígueme	not used	litíguele, litíguese	litíguenos	not used	litígueles
	accusative	litígueme	not used	litíguelo, litíguela, litíguese	litíguenos	not used	litíguelos, litíguelas
with first-person plural imperative litiguemos	dative	not used	litiguémoste	litiguémosle	litiguémonos	litiguémoos	litiguémosles
	accusative	not used	litiguémoste	litiguémoslo, litiguémosla	litiguémonos	litiguémoos	litiguémoslos, litiguémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative litigad	dative	litigadme	not used	litigadle	litigadnos	litigaos	litigadles
	accusative	litigadme	not used	litigadlo, litigadla	litigadnos	litigaos	litigadlos, litigadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative litiguen	dative	litíguenme	not used	litíguenle	litíguennos	not used	litíguenles, litíguense
	accusative	litíguenme	not used	litíguenlo, litíguenla	litíguennos	not used	litíguenlos, litíguenlas, litíguense

Related terms

• lid
• litigio

Further reading

• “litigar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025