hindra

Icelandic

Etymology

From Old Norse hindra, from Proto-Germanic *hinderōną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈhɪntra]

Verb

hindra (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative hindraði, supine hindrað)

1. to hinder, to obstruct, to block [with accusative]

   Synonym: teppa

Conjugation

hindra – active voice (germynd)

infinitive nafnháttur		að hindra
supine sagnbót		hindrað
present participle lýsingarháttur nútíðar		hindrandi
		indicative framsöguháttur			subjunctive viðtengingarháttur
		present nútíð	past þátíð		present nútíð	past þátíð
singular	ég	hindra	hindraði		hindri	hindraði
	þú	hindrar	hindraðir		hindrir	hindraðir
	hann, hún, það	hindrar	hindraði		hindri	hindraði
plural	við	hindrum	hindruðum		hindrum	hindruðum
	þið	hindrið	hindruðuð		hindrið	hindruðuð
	þeir, þær, þau	hindra	hindruðu		hindri	hindruðu
		imperative boðháttur
singular	þú	hindra (þú), hindraðu
plural	þið	hindrið (þið), hindriði1

¹ Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

hindrast – mediopassive voice (miðmynd)

infinitive nafnháttur		að hindrast
supine sagnbót		hindrast
present participle lýsingarháttur nútíðar		hindrandist (rare; see appendix)
		indicative framsöguháttur			subjunctive viðtengingarháttur
		present nútíð	past þátíð		present nútíð	past þátíð
singular	ég	hindrast	hindraðist		hindrist	hindraðist
	þú	hindrast	hindraðist		hindrist	hindraðist
	hann, hún, það	hindrast	hindraðist		hindrist	hindraðist
plural	við	hindrumst	hindruðumst		hindrumst	hindruðumst
	þið	hindrist	hindruðust		hindrist	hindruðust
	þeir, þær, þau	hindrast	hindruðust		hindrist	hindruðust
		imperative boðháttur
singular	þú	hindrast (þú), hindrastu
plural	þið	hindrist (þið), hindristi1

¹ Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.

hindraður — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)

strong declension (sterk beyging)	singular (eintala)			plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	hindraður	hindruð	hindrað	hindraðir	hindraðar	hindruð
accusative (þolfall)	hindraðan	hindraða	hindrað	hindraða	hindraðar	hindruð
dative (þágufall)	hindruðum	hindraðri	hindruðu	hindruðum	hindruðum	hindruðum
genitive (eignarfall)	hindraðs	hindraðrar	hindraðs	hindraðra	hindraðra	hindraðra
weak declension (veik beyging)	singular (eintala)			plural (fleirtala)
	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)	masculine (karlkyn)	feminine (kvenkyn)	neuter (hvorugkyn)
nominative (nefnifall)	hindraði	hindraða	hindraða	hindruðu	hindruðu	hindruðu
accusative (þolfall)	hindraða	hindruðu	hindraða	hindruðu	hindruðu	hindruðu
dative (þágufall)	hindraða	hindruðu	hindraða	hindruðu	hindruðu	hindruðu
genitive (eignarfall)	hindraða	hindruðu	hindraða	hindruðu	hindruðu	hindruðu

Derived terms

• hindrun

Norwegian Bokmål

Alternative forms

• hindrene (of noun)
• hindret (of verb)

Noun

hindra n

1. definite plural of hinder

Verb

hindra

1. past tense of hindre
2. supine of hindre

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology 1

From Old Norse hindra, from Proto-Germanic *hinderōną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /²hɪn.drɑ/

Verb

hindra (present tense hindrar, past tense hindra, past participle hindra, passive infinitive hindrast, present participle hindrande, imperative hindra/hindr)

1. a-infinitive form of hindre

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈhɪn.drɑ/

Noun

hindra n

1. (non-standard since 2012) definite plural of hinder

Anagrams

• hindar

Old Norse

Etymology 1

From Proto-Germanic *hinderōną.

Verb

hindra

1. (transitive) to hinder, to keep behind
2. (intransitive) to loiter, linger

   hindra eptir e-u

   to loiter about a thing

3. (impersonal) to want, lack

   e-n hindrar e-t

   someone lacks something

Conjugation

Conjugation of hindra — active (weak class 2)

infinitive	hindra
present participle	hindrandi
past participle	hindraðr
	indicative			subjunctive
	present	past		present	past
1st person singular	hindra	hindraða		hindra	hindraða
2nd person singular	hindrar	hindraðir		hindrir	hindraðir
3rd person singular	hindrar	hindraði		hindri	hindraði
1st person plural	hindrum	hindruðum		hindrim	hindraðim
2nd person plural	hindrið	hindruðuð		hindrið	hindraðið
3rd person plural	hindra	hindruðu		hindri	hindraði
imperative	present
2nd person singular	hindra
1st person plural	hindrum
2nd person plural	hindrið

Conjugation of hindra — mediopassive (weak class 2)

infinitive	hindrask
present participle	hindrandisk
past participle	hindrazk
	indicative			subjunctive
	present	past		present	past
1st person singular	hindrumk	hindruðumk		hindrumk	hindruðumk
2nd person singular	hindrask	hindraðisk		hindrisk	hindraðisk
3rd person singular	hindrask	hindraðisk		hindrisk	hindraðisk
1st person plural	hindrumsk	hindruðumsk		hindrimsk	hindraðimsk
2nd person plural	hindrizk	hindruðuzk		hindrizk	hindraðizk
3rd person plural	hindrask	hindruðusk		hindrisk	hindraðisk
imperative	present
2nd person singular	hindrask
1st person plural	hindrumsk
2nd person plural	hindrizk

Descendants

• Icelandic: hindra
• Faroese: hindra
• Norwegian Nynorsk: hindra, hindre
• Norwegian Bokmål: hindre
• Old Swedish: hindra
  • Swedish: hindra
• Danish: hindre
• Gutnish: hindre

Etymology 2

Adjective

hindra

1. masculine oblique cases singular of hindri
2. neuter all cases singular of hindri

Etymology 3

Noun

hindra n

1. genitive plural of hindr

Further reading

• Zoëga, Geir T. (1910), “hindra”, in A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press; also available at the Internet Archive

Anagrams

• hindar

Swedish

Etymology

From Old Swedish hindra, from Old Norse hindra (“hinder, stay, delay”), probably from Proto-Germanic *hindrōną (“to put back”), from Proto-Indo-European *k(')enta (“down, below, with, far, along, against”), from *ḱen- (“to set oneself in motion, arise”).

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Verb

hindra (present hindrar, preterite hindrade, supine hindrat, imperative hindra)

1. to prevent, restrain, hinder, impede, constrain

Conjugation

Conjugation of hindra (weak)

	active		passive
infinitive	hindra		hindras
supine	hindrat		hindrats
imperative	hindra		—
imper. plural1	hindren		—
	present	past	present	past
indicative	hindrar	hindrade	hindras	hindrades
ind. plural1	hindra	hindrade	hindras	hindrades
subjunctive2	hindre	hindrade	hindres	hindrades
present participle		hindrande
past participle		hindrad

¹ Archaic. ² Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

Related terms

• förhindra
• hinder

Further reading

• “hindra”, in Svenska Akademiens ordböcker [Dictionaries of the Swedish Academy] (in Swedish)
• hindra in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)

Anagrams

• hindar