Wiktionary

grunnio

Latin

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Proto-Indo-European *gru-, *gʰru-, an imitative root, similar to Ancient Greek γρῦ (grû, “grunt of swine”), English grunt,[1] grudge.[2]

Pronunciation

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Verb

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grunniō (present infinitive grunnīre, perfect active grunnīvī or grunniī, supine grunnītum); fourth conjugation, no passive

  1. to grunt (like a pig)
    • 77 CE – 79 CE, Plinius Maior, Naturalis Historia 32.9:
      Apion piscium maximum esse tradit porcum, quem Lacedaemoni orthagoriscum vocent; grunnire eum, cum capiatur.
      Apino tells us that the larges of the fishes is the pig-fish, which the Lacedaemonians call the orthagoriscum, because it grunts when it is caught

Conjugation

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   Conjugation of grunniō (fourth conjugation, no passive)
indicative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present grunniō grunnīs grunnit grunnīmus grunnītis grunniunt
imperfect grunniēbam grunniēbās grunniēbat grunniēbāmus grunniēbātis grunniēbant
future grunniam grunniēs grunniet grunniēmus grunniētis grunnient
perfect grunnīvī,
grunniī 		grunnīvistī,
grunniistī 		grunnīvit,
grunniit 		grunnīvimus,
grunniimus 		grunnīvistis,
grunniistis 		grunnīvērunt,
grunnīvēre,
grunniērunt,
grunniēre
pluperfect grunnīveram,
grunnieram 		grunnīverās,
grunnierās 		grunnīverat,
grunnierat 		grunnīverāmus,
grunnierāmus 		grunnīverātis,
grunnierātis 		grunnīverant,
grunnierant
future perfect grunnīverō,
grunnierō 		grunnīveris,
grunnieris 		grunnīverit,
grunnierit 		grunnīverimus,
grunnierimus 		grunnīveritis,
grunnieritis 		grunnīverint,
grunnierint
subjunctive singular plural
first second third first second third
active present grunniam grunniās grunniat grunniāmus grunniātis grunniant
imperfect grunnīrem grunnīrēs grunnīret grunnīrēmus grunnīrētis grunnīrent
perfect grunnīverim,
grunnierim 		grunnīverīs,
grunnierīs 		grunnīverit,
grunnierit 		grunnīverīmus,
grunnierīmus 		grunnīverītis,
grunnierītis 		grunnīverint,
grunnierint
pluperfect grunnīvissem,
grunniissem 		grunnīvissēs,
grunniissēs 		grunnīvisset,
grunniisset 		grunnīvissēmus,
grunniissēmus 		grunnīvissētis,
grunniissētis 		grunnīvissent,
grunniissent
imperative singular plural
first second third first second third
active present — grunnī — — grunnīte —
future — grunnītō grunnītō — grunnītōte grunniuntō
non-finite forms infinitive participle
active passive active passive
present grunnīre — grunniēns —
future grunnītūrum esse — grunnītūrus —
perfect grunnīvisse,
grunniisse 		— — —
perfect potential grunnītūrum fuisse — — —
verbal nouns gerund supine
genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
grunniendī grunniendō grunniendum grunniendō grunnītum grunnītū

Derived terms

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Descendants

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References

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  1. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “grundiō, -īre”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 274: “header > line 1 > the more recent variant is grunnīre”
  2. ^ Roberts, Edward A. (2014), A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the Spanish Language with Families of Words based on Indo-European Roots, Self-published: Xlibris, →ISBN, page 783

Further reading

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  • “grunnio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “grunnio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • “grunnio”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
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