gisi

See also: ĝisi

Äiwoo

Etymology

From gi- (prefix for males) + Proto-Oceanic *taci- (“younger sibling of the same sex”), from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ta-huaji, from *huaji, from Proto-Austronesian *Suaji.

Noun

gisi (third person minimal gite, plural pelivalisi) (inalienable)

1. (of a man) brother (male sibling of the same sex)

   Coordinate terms: ginuwou (opposite-sex brother), sisi (same-sex sister), siwou (opposite-sex sister)

   Jinäpe, gisi nâlâwâlekäji go kinumepu ngä nelo.

   Let's go and help my brother as he is drowning in the sea.

   Kieaapilâoo gite.

   His brother is always nagging at him.

2. (of a man) male parallel cousin (father's brother's son or mother's sister's son)

   Coordinate terms: ginuwou (male parallel cousin of a woman), sisi (female parallel cousin of a woman), siwou (female parallel cousin of a man), gibu (male cross-cousin), subu (female cross-cousin)

   Gino gite tumo, ilâ gisi.

   The son of my father's brother, that is my cousin.

   Inâ mo gite kilisavelele ngä nugonyano.

   He and his cousin are playing on the beach.

Usage notes

Äiwoo sibling terms encode both the gender of the referent (using the prefixes gi- for males and si- for females) and whether the sibling is of the same or opposite sex as the possessor. A woman referring to her brother must instead use the opposite-sex term ginuwou.

Similarly, parallel cousins are equated with siblings in Äiwoo, meaning a man’s male parallel cousin is also his gisi, while cross-cousins use the separate root gibu.

References

• Næss, Åshild (2017), “gisi”, in A short dictionary of Äiwoo (Studies in the Languages of Island Melanesia; A-PL 35)‎^[1], Canberra, ACT: Asia-Pacific Linguistics, College of Asia and the Pacific, Australian National University, page 42
• Lackey, William James; Boerger, Brenda H. (December 2021), “Reexamining the Phonological History of Oceanic's Temotu subgroup”, in Oceanic Linguistics‎^[2], volume 60, number 2, Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaiʻi Press, →JSTOR, page 374 of 367–411

Cebuano

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: gi‧si
• IPA^(key): /ˈɡisiʔ/ [ˈɡi.s̪ɪʔ]

Noun

gisi

1. a rip, a tear

Verb

gisi

1. to tear, to rip
2. to rend

Central Bikol

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡiˈsiʔ/ [ɡiˈsiʔ]
• Hyphenation: gi‧si

Adjective

gisî (plural girisi, Basahan spelling ᜄᜒᜐᜒ)

1. torn, ripped

   Synonyms: pakit, paknit

Noun

gisî (Basahan spelling ᜄᜒᜐᜒ)

1. a rip, a tear

   Synonym: rabrab

Derived terms

• gision
• maggisi
• magisi
• makagisi

Hiligaynon

Noun

gisi

1. rend, rip, split, tear, (to, rend)

Tagalog

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *ʀisiq (“tear, split, cut”). Compare Central Bikol gisi, Cebuano gisi, Hiligaynon gisi, and Tausug gisi'.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog)
  • IPA^(key): /ˈɡisiʔ/ [ˈɡ̠iː.sɪʔ] (noun)
    • Rhymes: -isiʔ
  • IPA^(key): /ɡiˈsiʔ/ [ɡ̠ɪˈsɪʔ] (adjective)
    • Rhymes: -iʔ
• Syllabification: gi‧si

Noun

gisì (Baybayin spelling ᜄᜒᜐᜒ)

1. tear or rent in cloth
2. ravel or slight run in something knitted

   Synonym: nisnis

Derived terms

• gisiin
• magisi

See also

• pilas
• punit

Adjective

gisî (Baybayin spelling ᜄᜒᜐᜒ)

1. torn; rent (of cloth)
2. with ravels or slight runs (in something knitted)

Derived terms

• gisi-gisi

Further reading

• “gisi”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, 2018
• Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*Risiq”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

Anagrams

• isig, sigi, igsi

West Makian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡi.s̪i/

Verb

gisi

1. (transitive) to crush (lice)

Conjugation

Conjugation of gisi (action verb)

		singular	plural
			inclusive	exclusive
1st person		tegisi	megisi	agisi
2nd person		negisi	fegisi
3rd person	inanimate	igisi	degisi
	animate
imperative		nigisi, gisi	figisi, gisi

References

• James Collins (1982), Further Notes Towards a West Makian Vocabulary‎^[3], Pacific linguistics