Wiktionary

gana

See also: Appendix:Variations of "gana"
Languages (32)
Asturian • Balinese • Breton • Catalan • Cebuano • Central Bikol • Chavacano • Gabadi • Galician • Gamilaraay • Garo • Hiligaynon • Icelandic • Indonesian • Javanese • Juba Arabic • Latvian • Lithuanian • Makasar • Northern Sotho • Papiamentu • Polish • Portuguese • Rohingya • Sardinian • Spanish • Swazi • Tagalog • Volapük • Welsh • Wiradjuri • Zulu
Page categories

Asturian

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Verb

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gana

  1. inflection of ganar:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative

Balinese

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ɡanə/
  • Hyphenation: ga‧na

Etymology 1

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From Sanskrit गगन (gagana, “sky”).

Noun

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gana (Balinese script ᬕᬦ)

  1. sky

Etymology 2

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From Sanskrit गान (gāna, “singing”).

Noun

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gana (Balinese script ᬕᬵᬦ)

  1. song

Etymology 3

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Borrowed from Old Javanese gaṇa (“host, group; a kind of demi-god; number; a certain military subdivision”), from Sanskrit गण (gaṇa).

Noun

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gana (Balinese script ᬕᬡ)

  1. count
  2. group

Etymology 4

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Borrowed from Old Javanese ghana (“cloud”), from Sanskrit घन (ghana, “compact mass or substance”).

Noun

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gana (Balinese script ᬖᬦ)

  1. cloud

Breton

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Verb

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gana

  1. soft mutation of kana

Catalan

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Etymology

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Unknown, maybe related to Gothic *𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽 (*ganan, “to covet”)

Pronunciation

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Noun

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gana f (plural ganes)

  1. hunger (desire for food)
  2. (especially in the plural) desire to do something
    tenir ganes ― to feel like, fancy (literally, “to have desires”)

Further reading

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Cebuano

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Spanish gana.

Pronunciation

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  • Hyphenation: ga‧na
  • IPA(key): /ˈɡana/ [ˈɡa.n̪ɐ]

Noun

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gana

  1. appetite
  2. desire

Verb

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gana

  1. to work
  2. to start up

Central Bikol

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Spanish ganar (“to win”).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈɡana/ [ˈɡa.n̪a]
  • Audio:(file)
  • Hyphenation: ga‧na

Adjective

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gána (plural garana, Basahan spelling ᜄᜈ)

  1. victorious; triumphant
    Synonym: daog

Noun

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gána (Basahan spelling ᜄᜈ)

  1. win; victory; triumph
    Antonym: daog
  2. appetite
  3. enthusiasm
    Synonym: entusiyasmo
  4. function
    Synonym: andar

Derived terms

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Chavacano

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Etymology

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Inherited from Spanish ganar (“to win”).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ɡaˈna/ [ɡa.ˈna]
  • Hyphenation: ga‧na

Verb

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ganá

  1. to win

Gabadi

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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gana

  1. to go
    egana ― they (sg.) went
    eganava ― they (sg.) are going
    vegana goarena. ― he will go to the bush.
    Vagana taonina. ― I will go to town.
    agana robana. ― I went to the garden.

Conjugation

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past (real)
sm + stem 		present (real)
sm + stem + -va (pr) 		future (irr)
futsm + stem 		command (irr)
sm + ma- (irr) + stem 		medial
stem + om.posssfx + -nai
positive negative positive negative positive negative positive negative
1sg
a 		agana da agana aganava da aganava vagana da vagana amagana da amagana gana’unai
2sg
o 		ogana da ogana oganava da oganava vogana da vogana omagana da omagana ganamunai
3sg
e 		egana da egana eganava da eganava vegana da vegana emagana da emagana ganananai
1pl.incl
ka 		kagana da kagana kaganava da kaganava isagana da isagana kamagana da kamagana ganaganai
1pl.excl
i 		igana da igana iganava da iganava vigana da vigana imagana da imagana ganamainai
2pl
u 		ugana da ugana uganava da uganava vugana da vugana umagana da umagana ganamuinai
3pl
ge 		gegana da gegana geganava da geganava edagana da edagana gemagana da gemagana ganadanai

References

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  • Oa, Morea and Ma`oni Paul. (2014-02-24). Tentative Grammar Description for the Gabadi Language. [working paper, draft created November 2013; editor: Eileen Gasaway]. Ukarumpa, Papua New Guinea: SIL International. Available online: [3].
    • "egana" (he/she went), "eganava" (he/she is going), "vegana" (he/she will go), "edagana" (they will go), "isagana" (we (incl.) will go) - p.25
    • "agana" (I went) in example 62 ("Nana agana robana") - p.30
    • "vagana" (I will go) in example 110 ("Vagana taonina") - p.38

Galician

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Etymology 1

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Attested since 1671. From Spanish gana, maybe from Gothic *𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽 (*ganan, “to covet”) .[1]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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gana f (plural ganas)

  1. desire to do something; zest
    Synonym: desexo
  2. appetite
    Synonym: apetito
  3. ill will
  4. urge
    Tes gana de mexar? ― Do you feel the urge to piss?

References

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  1. ^ Coromines, Joan; Pascual, José Antonio (1983–1991), “gana”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico [Critical Castilian and Hispanic etymological dictionary]‎[1] (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos

Etymology 2

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Verb

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gana

  1. inflection of ganir:
    1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
    2. third-person singular imperative

Gamilaraay

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Etymology

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Compare Wiradjuri ganang.

Noun

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gana

  1. liver

Garo

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Verb

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gana

  1. to wear

Hiligaynon

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Spanish gana.

Noun

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gana

  1. appetite, desire

Icelandic

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Verb

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gana (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative ganaði, supine ganað)

  1. rush, run frantically, act recklessly

Conjugation

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gana – active voice (germynd)
infinitive nafnháttur að gana
supine sagnbót ganað
present participle
lýsingarháttur nútíðar
 ganandi
indicative
framsöguháttur
 subjunctive
viðtengingarháttur
present
nútíð
 past
þátíð
 present
nútíð
 past
þátíð
singular ég gana ganaði gani ganaði
þú ganar ganaðir ganir ganaðir
hann, hún, það ganar ganaði gani ganaði
plural við gönum gönuðum gönum gönuðum
þið ganið gönuðuð ganið gönuðuð
þeir, þær, þau gana gönuðu gani gönuðu
imperative boðháttur
singular þú gana (þú), ganaðu
plural þið ganið (þið), ganiði1
1 Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
ganast – mediopassive voice (miðmynd)
infinitive nafnháttur að ganast
supine sagnbót ganast
present participle
lýsingarháttur nútíðar
 ganandist (rare; see appendix)
indicative
framsöguháttur
 subjunctive
viðtengingarháttur
present
nútíð
 past
þátíð
 present
nútíð
 past
þátíð
singular ég ganast ganaðist ganist ganaðist
þú ganast ganaðist ganist ganaðist
hann, hún, það ganast ganaðist ganist ganaðist
plural við gönumst gönuðumst gönumst gönuðumst
þið ganist gönuðust ganist gönuðust
þeir, þær, þau ganast gönuðust ganist gönuðust
imperative boðháttur
singular þú ganast (þú), ganastu
plural þið ganist (þið), ganisti1
1 Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
ganaður — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
strong declension
(sterk beyging) 		singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn) 		masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall) 		ganaður gönuð ganað ganaðir ganaðar gönuð
accusative
(þolfall) 		ganaðan ganaða ganað ganaða ganaðar gönuð
dative
(þágufall) 		gönuðum ganaðri gönuðu gönuðum gönuðum gönuðum
genitive
(eignarfall) 		ganaðs ganaðrar ganaðs ganaðra ganaðra ganaðra
weak declension
(veik beyging) 		singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn) 		masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall) 		ganaði ganaða ganaða gönuðu gönuðu gönuðu
accusative
(þolfall) 		ganaða gönuðu ganaða gönuðu gönuðu gönuðu
dative
(þágufall) 		ganaða gönuðu ganaða gönuðu gönuðu gönuðu
genitive
(eignarfall) 		ganaða gönuðu ganaða gönuðu gönuðu gönuðu

Indonesian

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Borrowed from Arabic غَنَاء (ḡanāʔ).

Noun

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gana (plural gana-gana)

  1. wealth
    Synonym: kekayaan

Etymology 2

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Noun

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gana (plural gana-gana)

  1. alternative spelling of ganar (“confused, mad”)

Etymology 3

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Noun

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gana (plural gana-gana)

  1. (archaic) decorative form in the form of a small child

Etymology 4

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Borrowed from Malay [Term?].

Verb

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gana

  1. (dialect, Riau) to carry something together, one person carrying it in front, one person behind

Etymology 5

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Borrowed from Javanese ꦒꦤ (gana, “bee larvae”), from Old Javanese gaṇa (“host, group; a kind of demi-god; number; a certain military subdivision”), from Sanskrit गण (gaṇa, “flock, troop, multitude, number, tribe, series, class (of animate or inanimate beings), body of followers or attendants”).

Noun

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gana (plural gana-gana)

  1. (dialect, Java) young wasp

Further reading

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Javanese

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Romanization

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gana

  1. romanization of ꦒꦤ

Juba Arabic

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Gana

Etymology

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From Sudanese Arabic قنا (gana).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈɡana/, [ˈɡa.na]

Noun

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gana

  1. bamboo

References

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  • Ian Smith; Morris Timothy Ama (1985), A Dictionary of Juba Arabic & English‎[4], 1st edition, Juba: The Committee of The Juba Cheshire Home and Centre for Handicapped Children, page 20

Latvian

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Etymology

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Cognate with Lithuanian ganà (“enough, rather, fairly”).

Adverb

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gana

  1. enough

Noun

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gana m

  1. genitive singular of gans

Lithuanian

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Etymology

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Of unclear origin.[1] According to Derksen, from a Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen- (“to flourish, swell; enough, numerous”),[2] which he appears to consider the same as *gʷʰen- (“to strike, slay”) (whence giñti (“drive, chase”)), perhaps via semantic shifts "slay" > "booty (from spoils of war)" > "flourish". Cognate with Latvian gana (“enough, rather, fairly”),[3] Old Church Slavonic гонѣти (goněti, “to suffice”); outside of Balto-Slavic, compare tentatively Sanskrit घन (ghaná, “dense, thick”), Sanskrit आहनस् (āhanás, “thriving, full”), Old Armenian յոգն (yogn, “plenty”), Proto-West Germanic *gant (“whole, complete”).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ɡɐˈnɐ]
  • Rhymes: -ɐ
  • Syllabification: ga‧nà

Adverb

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ganà

  1. enough, sufficiently
    Synonyms: pakanka, užtenka, pakankamai, užtektinai
    Aš turiu gana pinigų. ― I have enough money.
  2. rather, fairly, quite
    Synonyms: gerokai, pakankamai
    Jis gana trumpas. ― He is rather short.

Interjection

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ganà

  1. stop!, enough!
    Gana jau, gana! ― Enough already, enough!
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References

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  1. ^ Smoczyński, Wojciech (2007), “ganà”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka litewskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Lithuanian Language]‎[2] (in Polish), Vilnius: Vilnius University, pages 155-6
  2. ^ “gana”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012
  3. ^ Derksen, Rick (2015), “gana”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 163

Further reading

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Makasar

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈɡana/, [ˈɡa.nã]
  • Hyphenation: ga‧na

Adjective

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gana (Lontara spelling ᨁᨊ or 𑻡𑻨)

  1. female (of animals and plants)
    Synonym: baine (of humans)
    Antonyms: laki (of animals and plants), bura'ne (of humans)
    Jangang ganaya ― The hen
  2. (vulgar, derogatory) a female only fit to satisfy sexual urges
    Tèai baine, ganaji
    She is not a woman in the full sense of the word, she is just a female (good only for sex).

Usage notes

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  • In most dialects, the word tends to be derogatory in nature when applied in the human sense, akin to addressing someone with the word bitch.

Derived terms

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affixations
compounds

Further reading

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  • Cense, A. A. (1979), Makassaars-Nederlands woordenboek [Makasar-Dutch dictionary], 's-Gravenhage: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN

Northern Sotho

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Verb

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gana

  1. to refuse

Papiamentu

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Etymology

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From Spanish gana.

Noun

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gana

  1. desire
  2. wish
  3. appetite

Polish

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Etymology

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    Deverbal from ganić.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    gana f

    1. (Western Lublin, Józefów) synonym of przygana
      Oj, dany moje, dany,
      Nie pomogą gany.       (song)
      Oh, my dear, my dear,
      Reproaches will not help.

    Further reading

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    • Hieronim Łopaciński (1892), “gana”, in “Przyczynki do nowego słownika języka polskiego (słownik wyrazów ludowych z Lubelskiego i innych okolic Królestwa Polskiego)”, in Prace Filologiczne (in Polish), volume 4, Warsaw: skł. gł. w Księgarni E. Wende i Ska, page 275

    Portuguese

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    Pronunciation

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    Etymology 1

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      Borrowed from Spanish gana.

      Noun

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      gana f (plural ganas)

      1. a strong desire, willingness or enthusiasm to achieve something; impetus; spur
        Synonyms: garra, fome
      2. ill will (aversion towards someone)
        Synonyms: aversão, ranço, desgosto, ódio

      Etymology 2

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      Verb

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      gana

      1. inflection of ganir:
        1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
        2. third-person singular imperative

      Further reading

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      Rohingya

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      Alternative forms

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      Etymology

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      Cognate with Bengali গান (gan).

      Noun

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      gana (Hanifi spelling 𐴒𐴝𐴕𐴝)

      1. song
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      Sardinian

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      Etymology

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      From Spanish gana.

      Noun

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      gana

      1. desire

      Spanish

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      Pronunciation

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      Etymology 1

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      Unknown, maybe related to Gothic *𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽 (*ganan, “to covet”) and thus ganar.

      Noun

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      gana f (plural ganas)

      1. (often in the plural) best translated with to feel like, to want
        No tengo ganas (de hacer eso). ― I don't feel like it (like doing that).
        No me da la gana (hacer eso). ― I don't feel like it (like doing that).
      2. (in the plural) urge, uses a "tengo ganas de" or "me dan ganas de" construction
      Derived terms
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      Descendants
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      • → Cebuano: gana
      • → Hiligaynon: gana
      • → K'iche': gan
      • → Sicilian: gana, jana
      • → Tagalog: gana
      • → Moroccan Arabic: ڭانة (gāna)

      Etymology 2

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        See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

        Verb

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        gana

        1. inflection of ganar:
          1. third-person singular present indicative
          2. second-person singular imperative

        Further reading

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        Swazi

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        Verb

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        -gana

        1. to take/accept a lover (only said of a girl)

        Inflection

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        This verb needs an inflection-table template.

        Tagalog

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        Etymology 1

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          Borrowed from Spanish gana.

          Pronunciation

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          Noun

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          gana (Baybayin spelling ᜄᜈ)

          1. appetite; relish for food or drink
          2. inclination; liking; motivation; willingness to do something
          3. seal; enthusiasm; diligence
            Synonyms: sigla, sigasig
          4. functioning (of machines)
          5. salary; wages; income
            Synonyms: kita, suweldo, sahod
          6. renumeration; reward; compensation
            Synonyms: gantimpagal, bayad, gantimpala
          7. gain; profit
            Synonyms: tubo, ganansiya, pakinabang
          8. interest from loans
            Synonyms: tubo, patubo, patong, interes
          9. tight hold or grip (as of a wrench)
            Synonyms: hapit, kagat
          Derived terms
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          Etymology 2

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          Pronunciation

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          Adverb

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          ganá (Baybayin spelling ᜄᜈ)

          1. at once; immediately
            Synonyms: agad, kaagad, pagdaka, pagkaraka

          Anagrams

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          Volapük

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          Noun

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          gana

          1. genitive singular of gan

          Welsh

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          Pronunciation

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          Verb

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          gana

          1. soft mutation of cana

          Mutation

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          Mutated forms of cana
          radical soft nasal aspirate
          cana gana nghana chana

          Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
          All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

          Wiradjuri

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          Alternative forms

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          Etymology

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          Compare Ngiyambaa kanaa.

          Noun

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          gana

          1. shoulder
            • 1892, James Günther, “Grammar and Vocabulary of the Aboriginal Dialect called the Wirradhuri”, in John Fraser, editor, An Australian Language:
              Gãnna—the shoulder.
              (please add an English translation of this quotation)

          Zulu

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          Verb

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          -gana

          1. to marry, to choose a husband

          Inflection

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          tone L (infinitive ukugana)
          positive negative
          infinitive ukugana ukungagani
          imperative
          simple + object concord
          singular gana -gane
          plural ganani -ganeni
          present
          positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
          1st singular ngiyagana, ngigana engiganayo, engigana ngigana angigani engingagani ngingagani
          2nd singular uyagana, ugana oganayo, ogana ugana awugani ongagani ungagani
          1st plural siyagana, sigana esiganayo, esigana sigana asigani esingagani singagani
          2nd plural niyagana, nigana eniganayo, enigana nigana anigani eningagani ningagani
          class 1 uyagana, ugana oganayo, ogana egana akagani ongagani engagani
          class 2 bayagana, bagana abaganayo, abagana begana abagani abangagani bengagani
          class 3 uyagana, ugana oganayo, ogana ugana awugani ongagani ungagani
          class 4 iyagana, igana eganayo, egana igana ayigani engagani ingagani
          class 5 liyagana, ligana eliganayo, eligana ligana aligani elingagani lingagani
          class 6 ayagana, agana aganayo, agana egana awagani angagani engagani
          class 7 siyagana, sigana esiganayo, esigana sigana asigani esingagani singagani
          class 8 ziyagana, zigana eziganayo, ezigana zigana azigani ezingagani zingagani
          class 9 iyagana, igana eganayo, egana igana ayigani engagani ingagani
          class 10 ziyagana, zigana eziganayo, ezigana zigana azigani ezingagani zingagani
          class 11 luyagana, lugana oluganayo, olugana lugana alugani olungagani lungagani
          class 14 buyagana, bugana obuganayo, obugana bugana abugani obungagani bungagani
          class 15 kuyagana, kugana okuganayo, okugana kugana akugani okungagani kungagani
          class 17 kuyagana, kugana okuganayo, okugana kugana akugani okungagani kungagani
          recent past
          positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
          1st singular ngiganile, ngiganē engiganile, engiganē ngiganile, ngiganē angigananga engingagananga ngingagananga
          2nd singular uganile, uganē oganile, oganē uganile, uganē awugananga ongagananga ungagananga
          1st plural siganile, siganē esiganile, esiganē siganile, siganē asigananga esingagananga singagananga
          2nd plural niganile, niganē eniganile, eniganē niganile, niganē anigananga eningagananga ningagananga
          class 1 uganile, uganē oganile, oganē eganile, eganē akagananga ongagananga engagananga
          class 2 baganile, baganē abaganile, abaganē beganile, beganē abagananga abangagananga bengagananga
          class 3 uganile, uganē oganile, oganē uganile, uganē awugananga ongagananga ungagananga
          class 4 iganile, iganē eganile, eganē iganile, iganē ayigananga engagananga ingagananga
          class 5 liganile, liganē eliganile, eliganē liganile, liganē aligananga elingagananga lingagananga
          class 6 aganile, aganē aganile, aganē eganile, eganē awagananga angagananga engagananga
          class 7 siganile, siganē esiganile, esiganē siganile, siganē asigananga esingagananga singagananga
          class 8 ziganile, ziganē eziganile, eziganē ziganile, ziganē azigananga ezingagananga zingagananga
          class 9 iganile, iganē eganile, eganē iganile, iganē ayigananga engagananga ingagananga
          class 10 ziganile, ziganē eziganile, eziganē ziganile, ziganē azigananga ezingagananga zingagananga
          class 11 luganile, luganē oluganile, oluganē luganile, luganē alugananga olungagananga lungagananga
          class 14 buganile, buganē obuganile, obuganē buganile, buganē abugananga obungagananga bungagananga
          class 15 kuganile, kuganē okuganile, okuganē kuganile, kuganē akugananga okungagananga kungagananga
          class 17 kuganile, kuganē okuganile, okuganē kuganile, kuganē akugananga okungagananga kungagananga
          remote past
          positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
          1st singular ngāgana engāgana ngāgana angigananga engingagananga ngingagananga
          2nd singular wāgana owāgana wāgana awugananga ongagananga ungagananga
          1st plural sāgana esāgana sāgana asigananga esingagananga singagananga
          2nd plural nāgana enāgana nāgana anigananga eningagananga ningagananga
          class 1 wāgana owāgana āgana akagananga ongagananga engagananga
          class 2 bāgana abāgana bāgana abagananga abangagananga bengagananga
          class 3 wāgana owāgana wāgana awugananga ongagananga ungagananga
          class 4 yāgana eyāgana yāgana ayigananga engagananga ingagananga
          class 5 lāgana elāgana lāgana aligananga elingagananga lingagananga
          class 6 āgana āgana āgana awagananga angagananga engagananga
          class 7 sāgana esāgana sāgana asigananga esingagananga singagananga
          class 8 zāgana ezāgana zāgana azigananga ezingagananga zingagananga
          class 9 yāgana eyāgana yāgana ayigananga engagananga ingagananga
          class 10 zāgana ezāgana zāgana azigananga ezingagananga zingagananga
          class 11 lwāgana olwāgana lwāgana alugananga olungagananga lungagananga
          class 14 bāgana obāgana bāgana abugananga obungagananga bungagananga
          class 15 kwāgana okwāgana kwāgana akugananga okungagananga kungagananga
          class 17 kwāgana okwāgana kwāgana akugananga okungagananga kungagananga
          potential
          positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
          1st singular ngingagana — ngingagana ngingegane — ngingegane
          2nd singular ungagana — ungagana ungegane — ungegane
          1st plural singagana — singagana singegane — singegane
          2nd plural ningagana — ningagana ningegane — ningegane
          class 1 angagana — engagana angegane — engegane
          class 2 bangagana — bengagana bangegane — bengegane
          class 3 ungagana — ungagana ungegane — ungegane
          class 4 ingagana — ingagana ingegane — ingegane
          class 5 lingagana — lingagana lingegane — lingegane
          class 6 angagana — engagana angegane — engegane
          class 7 singagana — singagana singegane — singegane
          class 8 zingagana — zingagana zingegane — zingegane
          class 9 ingagana — ingagana ingegane — ingegane
          class 10 zingagana — zingagana zingegane — zingegane
          class 11 lungagana — lungagana lungegane — lungegane
          class 14 bungagana — bungagana bungegane — bungegane
          class 15 kungagana — kungagana kungegane — kungegane
          class 17 kungagana — kungagana kungegane — kungegane
          immediate future
          positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
          1st singular ngizogana engizogana ngizogana angizugana engingezugana ngingezugana
          2nd singular uzogana ozogana uzogana awuzugana ongezugana ungezugana
          1st plural sizogana esizogana sizogana asizugana esingezugana singezugana
          2nd plural nizogana enizogana nizogana anizugana eningezugana ningezugana
          class 1 uzogana ozogana ezogana akazugana ongezugana engezugana
          class 2 bazogana abazogana bezogana abazugana abangezugana bengezugana
          class 3 uzogana ozogana uzogana awuzugana ongezugana ungezugana
          class 4 izogana ezogana izogana ayizugana engezugana ingezugana
          class 5 lizogana elizogana lizogana alizugana elingezugana lingezugana
          class 6 azogana azogana ezogana awazugana angezugana engezugana
          class 7 sizogana esizogana sizogana asizugana esingezugana singezugana
          class 8 zizogana ezizogana zizogana azizugana ezingezugana zingezugana
          class 9 izogana ezogana izogana ayizugana engezugana ingezugana
          class 10 zizogana ezizogana zizogana azizugana ezingezugana zingezugana
          class 11 luzogana oluzogana luzogana aluzugana olungezugana lungezugana
          class 14 buzogana obuzogana buzogana abuzugana obungezugana bungezugana
          class 15 kuzogana okuzogana kuzogana akuzugana okungezugana kungezugana
          class 17 kuzogana okuzogana kuzogana akuzugana okungezugana kungezugana
          remote future
          positive absolute positive relative positive participial negative absolute negative relative negative participial
          1st singular ngiyogana engiyogana ngiyogana angiyugana engingeyugana ngingeyugana
          2nd singular uyogana oyogana uyogana awuyugana ongeyugana ungeyugana
          1st plural siyogana esiyogana siyogana asiyugana esingeyugana singeyugana
          2nd plural niyogana eniyogana niyogana aniyugana eningeyugana ningeyugana
          class 1 uyogana oyogana eyogana akayugana ongeyugana engeyugana
          class 2 bayogana abayogana beyogana abayugana abangeyugana bengeyugana
          class 3 uyogana oyogana uyogana awuyugana ongeyugana ungeyugana
          class 4 iyogana eyogana iyogana ayiyugana engeyugana ingeyugana
          class 5 liyogana eliyogana liyogana aliyugana elingeyugana lingeyugana
          class 6 ayogana ayogana eyogana awayugana angeyugana engeyugana
          class 7 siyogana esiyogana siyogana asiyugana esingeyugana singeyugana
          class 8 ziyogana eziyogana ziyogana aziyugana ezingeyugana zingeyugana
          class 9 iyogana eyogana iyogana ayiyugana engeyugana ingeyugana
          class 10 ziyogana eziyogana ziyogana aziyugana ezingeyugana zingeyugana
          class 11 luyogana oluyogana luyogana aluyugana olungeyugana lungeyugana
          class 14 buyogana obuyogana buyogana abuyugana obungeyugana bungeyugana
          class 15 kuyogana okuyogana kuyogana akuyugana okungeyugana kungeyugana
          class 17 kuyogana okuyogana kuyogana akuyugana okungeyugana kungeyugana
          present subjunctive
          positive negative
          1st singular ngigane ngingagani
          2nd singular ugane ungagani
          1st plural sigane singagani
          2nd plural nigane ningagani
          class 1 agane angagani
          class 2 bagane bangagani
          class 3 ugane ungagani
          class 4 igane ingagani
          class 5 ligane lingagani
          class 6 agane angagani
          class 7 sigane singagani
          class 8 zigane zingagani
          class 9 igane ingagani
          class 10 zigane zingagani
          class 11 lugane lungagani
          class 14 bugane bungagani
          class 15 kugane kungagani
          class 17 kugane kungagani
          past subjunctive
          positive negative
          1st singular ngagana ngangagana, angagana, angangagana
          2nd singular wagana wangagana, awagana, awangagana
          1st plural sagana sangagana, asagana, asangagana
          2nd plural nagana nangagana, anagana, anangagana
          class 1 wagana wangagana, akagana, akangagana
          class 2 bagana bangagana, abagana, abangagana
          class 3 wagana wangagana, awagana, awangagana
          class 4 yagana yangagana, ayagana, ayangagana
          class 5 lagana langagana, alagana, alangagana
          class 6 agana angagana, awagana, awangagana
          class 7 sagana sangagana, asagana, asangagana
          class 8 zagana zangagana, azagana, azangagana
          class 9 yagana yangagana, ayagana, ayangagana
          class 10 zagana zangagana, azagana, azangagana
          class 11 lwagana lwangagana, alwagana, alwangagana
          class 14 bagana bangagana, abagana, abangagana
          class 15 kwagana kwangagana, akwagana, akwangagana
          class 17 kwagana kwangagana, akwagana, akwangagana

          References

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