folga

See also: folgą

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Northern) [ˈful.ɣə]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic, Central) [ˈfol.ɣə]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia, Northwestern) [ˈfol.ɣa]

Etymology 1

Deverbal from folgar.

Noun

folga f (plural folgues)

1. joke, pleasantry

   Synonym: broma

2. rest from work
3. laziness
4. act of enjoying oneself

   Synonyms: folgança, diversió

Derived terms

• folgós

Etymology 2

Verb

folga

1. inflection of folgar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Further reading

• “folga”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2026

Galician

Etymology

Attested since circa 1300. Back-formation from folgar. Cognate with Portuguese folga and Spanish huelga and juerga

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈfɔlɣɐ]

Noun

folga m (plural folgas)

1. rest
2. fallow
3. strike, stoppage

Verb

folga

1. inflection of folgar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

References

• Seoane, Ernesto Xosé González; Granja, María Álvarez de la; Agrelo, Ana Isabel Boullón (2006–2022), “folga”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval [Dictionary of dictionaries of Medieval Galician] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Barreiro, Xavier Varela; Guinovart, Xavier Gómez (2006–2018), “folga”, in Corpus Xelmírez: corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval [Corpus Xelmírez: linguistic corpus of Medieval Galicia] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “folga”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “folga”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “folga”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Old Polish

Etymology

Borrowed from Middle High German volge (“obedience; assent”). First attested in 1460.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (10^th–15^th CE) /fɔlʲɡa/
• IPA^(key): (15^th CE) /fɔlʲɡa/

Noun

folga f

1. obedience
   • 1856-1870 [1460], Antoni Zygmunt Helcel, editor, Starodawne Prawa Polskiego Pomniki‎^[1], volume XI, number 240:

     Veniens […] Nicolaus, plebanus, in iudi­ cium bannitum requisivit scabinos, si faciunt suo registro al. folga, et faciunt suo registro folga et super hoc posuit memoriale

     [Veniens […] Nicolaus, plebanus, in iudi­ cium bannitum requisivit scabinos, si faciunt suo registro al. folga, et faciunt suo registro folga et super hoc posuit memoriale]

   • 1868 [1462], Akta grodzkie i ziemskie z czasów Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej : z archiwum tak zwanego bernardyńskiego we Lwowie w skutek fundacyi śp. Alexandra hr. Stadnickiego‎^[2], volume XI (quotation in Old Polish; overall work in Polish, Latin, and Old Polish), page 481:

     Prout […] Petrus […] regie magesta- tis literam ad iudicium bannitum coram nobis ostendit et eam iudicio contulit et dedit, huic litere regie magestatis consequenciam al. folga facimus et mandatum in predicta litera contentum iudicare yolumus

     [Prout […] Petrus […] regie magesta- tis literam ad iudicium bannitum coram nobis ostendit et eam iudicio contulit et dedit, huic litere regie magestatis consequenciam al. folga facimus et mandatum in predicta litera contentum iudicare yolumus]

   • 1868 [1462], Akta grodzkie i ziemskie z czasów Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej : z archiwum tak zwanego bernardyńskiego we Lwowie w skutek fundacyi śp. Alexandra hr. Stadnickiego‎^[3], volume XI (quotation in Old Polish; overall work in Polish, Latin, and Old Polish), page 483:

     Ibidem domini iurati et scabini fecerunt et faciunt sequelam registro al. folga, quod superius est notatum in suis punctis

     [Ibidem domini iurati et scabini fecerunt et faciunt sequelam registro al. folgę, quod superius est notatum in suis punctis]

   • 1868 [1484], Akta grodzkie i ziemskie z czasów Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej : z archiwum tak zwanego bernardyńskiego we Lwowie w skutek fundacyi śp. Alexandra hr. Stadnickiego‎^[4], volume XVI (quotation in Old Polish; overall work in Polish, Latin, and Old Polish), page 399:

     Iohannes […] presentayit procuracionem a regia maiestate a generoso Petro, fratre indiviso […] , cui procuracioni ius consensit al. folge daly

     [Iohannes […] presentayit procuracionem a regia maiestate a generoso Petro, fratre indiviso […] , cui procuracioni ius consensit al. folgę dali]

   • 1877-1881 [c. 1500], Władysław Wisłocki, editor, Katalog rękopisów Biblioteki Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, number 168:

     Ia przysengam […] , ysz ja […] chcze […] then przyschensnyczy stolecz podlug nyemyeczkego prawa bronycz, yako nasprawyedlywye wyem albo mogą y folgą myecz mogą, a thego dla zadney rzeczy opusczycz nye chczą

     [Ja przysięgam […] , iż ja […] chcę […] ten przysiężniczy stolec podług niemieckiego prawa bronić, jako niesprawiedliwie wiem albo mogę i folgę mieć mogę, a tegodla żadnej rzeczy opuścić nie chcę]

Declension

Declension of folga

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	folga	—	—
genitive	—	—	—
dative	—	—	—
accusative	folgę	—	—
instrumental	—	—	—
locative	—	—	—
vocative	—	—	—

Derived terms

verb

• (impf) folgować

Related terms

noun

• folg

Descendants

• Polish: folga
• Silesian: folga

References

• Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “FOLGA 1”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
• Sławski, Franciszek (1958-1965), “folga”, in Jan Safarewicz, Andrzej Siudut, editors, Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), Kraków: Towarzystwo Miłośników Języka Polskiego
• Mirosław Bańko; Lidia Wiśniakowska (2021), “folga”, in Wielki słownik wyrazów obcych, →ISBN
• Dubisz, Stanisław, editor (2003), “folga”, in Uniwersalny słownik języka polskiego [Universal Dictionary of the Polish Language]‎^[5] (in Polish), volumes 1–4, Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, →ISBN, →OCLC
• Halina Zgółkowa, editor (1994–2005), “folga”, in Praktyczny słownik współczesnej polszczyzny, volumes 1–50, Poznań: Wydawnictwo Kurpisz, →ISBN
• Witold Doroszewski, editor (1958–1969), “folga I”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), Warszawa: PWN
• Brückner, Aleksander (1927), “folga”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna
• K. Nitsch, editor (1958), “folga”, in Słownik staropolski (in Polish), volume 2, Wrocław, Kraków, Warsaw: Polish Academy of Sciences, page 361
• Bożena Sieradzka-Baziur, et al., editors (2011–2015), “folga”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
• Ewa Deptuchowa, et al., editors (2024), “folga”, in Baza Leksykalna Średniowiecznej Polszczyzny [Lexical Base of Medieval Polish] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego Polskiej Akademii Nauk

Polish

Alternative forms

• fólg (Eastern Kraków, Gdów, Bochnia)

Etymology

Inherited from Old Polish folga. Noun sense 3 is reinforced by contamination with folia. Cognate with German Folge and English follow.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ˈfɔl.ɡa/

• (Middle Polish) IPA^(key): /ˈfɔl.ɡa/
• (Greater Poland):
  • (Kuyavia) IPA^(key): [ˈfɔl.ɡa]
• (Masovia):
  • (Far Masovian) IPA^(key): [ˈfɔl.ɡa]
  • (Suwałki) IPA^(key): [ˈfɔlʲ.ɡa]
  • (Łowicz) IPA^(key): [ˈfɔl.ɡa]
• (Lesser Poland):
  • (Western Kraków) IPA^(key): [ˈfɔl.ɡa]
  • (Eastern Kraków) IPA^(key): [ˈfɔl.ɡa]
  • (Western Lublin) IPA^(key): [ˈfɔlʲ.ɡa]
  • (Goral):
    • (Podhale) IPA^(key): [ˈfɔl.ɡa]
    • (Zagórze) IPA^(key): [ˈfɔl.ɡa]
• (Borderlands):
  • (Northern Borderlands) IPA^(key): [ˈfɔlʲ.ɡa]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɔlɡa
• Syllabification: fol‧ga

Noun

folga f

1. (uncountable, literary, dated or dialectal, Kuyavia, Suwałki, Western Kraków, Eastern Kraków, Łowicz fossilized in set phrases) relief (rest from work)

   Synonyms: ulga, wytchnienie

2. play, looseness (ability to move of something attached to something else)
4. (obsolete, countable, by extension) foil (thin metal tray placed under expensive stones to increase their shine)

   Synonyms: folia, (obsolete) zakładka

5. (Middle Polish) support (anything placed underneath something)
   1. (Podhale, Zagórze) stump pole (pole for clearing stumps; one end is used to pry up the root of the tree trunk, and the other end is tilted towards the ground by several people using their hands and the entire weight of their bodies)
   2. (Eastern Kraków, Gdów, Bochnia) synonym of podstawek
6. (countable, literary, by extension) lame (thin layer or plate of material, as in certain kinds of armor)
7. (obsolete) post strap (strap for attaching the post to which the horse is tied)

   Hypernym: rzemień

   1. (Northern Borderlands, Lithuania) horse loop (spare loop on a rope; leather loop through which the belt, or rope, used by the horse to pull the carriage is passed)
   2. (Western Lublin, Józwów) relief (strap for loosening, i.e. widening and tightening harnesses)
8. (obsolete) windlass attachment (part of a rope wrapped around a windlass)
9. (obsolete) relief (two poles, tied at the end with a rope, used to erect a pole with one end down, to lift logs on one hand, etc.)
10. (obsolete, printing) background paper (paper that covers the background between the type of the printing plate when it tars)
11. (obsolete, shoemaking) support (rubber sides in boots)
12. (obsolete, theater) string (rope on which a decoration, e.g. a curtain, hangs permanently)
13. (Middle Polish) inattention

    Synonym: niebaczność

Declension

Declension of folga

	singular	plural
nominative	folga	folgi
genitive	folgi	folg
dative	foldze	folgom
accusative	folgę	folgi
instrumental	folgą	folgami
locative	foldze	folgach
vocative	folgo	folgi

Derived terms

verbs

• dawać folgę impf, dać folgę pf
• (dialectal) folgę dać pf
• folgować impf, pofolgować pf, (dialectal) sfolgować pf

Interjection

folga

1. (Suwałki, Augustów Governorate) slow down! don't rush!
2. (Far Masovian) wait! stop!

Further reading

• “folga”, in Wielki słownik języka polskiego‎^[6] (in Polish), Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• “folga”, in Polish dictionaries at PWN‎^[7] (in Polish)
• Maria Renata Mayenowa, et al., editors (2010-2023), “folga”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
• Maria Renata Mayenowa, et al., editors (2010-2023), “folga”, in Słownik Polszczyzny XVI Wieku [A Dictionary of 16th Century Polish]
• “FOLGA”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 15.09.2008
• Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814), “folga”, in Słownik języka polskiego
• Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861), “folga”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
• J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “folga”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 757
• Jan Karłowicz (1901), “folga”, in Słownik gwar polskich [Dictionary of Polish dialects] (in Polish), volume 2: F do K, Kraków: Akademia Umiejętności, page 22
• M. Arcta Słownik Staropolski/Folga on the Polish Wikisource.Wikisource ^pl
• Marzena Kozanecka-Zwierz, Magdalena Bartosiewicz, Renata Marciniak-Firadza, editors (2014), “folga”, in Gwara – Księżaków "język ojczysty" Dziedzictwo regionu łowickiego (in Polish), Łowicz: Muzeum w Łowiczu, →ISBN, page 29
• Józefa Kobylińska (2001), “folga”, in Marian Kucała, editor, Słownik gwary gorczańskiej (zagórzańskiej)‎^[8] (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Akademii Pedagogicznej, →ISBN, page 38

Portuguese

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈfɔw.ɡɐ/ [ˈfɔʊ̯.ɡɐ]

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈfɔl.ɡɐ/ [ˈfɔɫ.ɣɐ]

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈfɔl.ɡɐ/ [ˈfɔɫ.ɣɐ]
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈfɔl.ɡɐ/ [ˈfɔɫ.ɡɐ]

Etymology 1

Deverbal from folgar. Compare Spanish huelga (“strike”).

Noun

folga f (plural folgas)

1. rest, day off (from work)

   Amanhã é meu dia de folga.

   Tomorrow is my day off.

   • 2015, “Dia de folga”, in Jorge Cruz (lyrics), Moura, performed by Ana Moura:

     É dia de folga! / Folga de ser-se quem se é / E de fazer tudo porque tem que ser / Folga para ao menos uma vez / A vida ser como nos apetecer

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

2. respite; break (a brief interval of rest or relief)

   O professor não me dá folga!

   The teacher doesn’t give me a break.

3. slack (extent to which a part of a mechanism can move freely)

   A corda tem muita folga, precisamos amarrá-la melhor.

   The rope has too much slack, we need to tie it better.

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

folga

1. inflection of folgar:
   1. third-person singular present indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Further reading

• “folga”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “folga”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Silesian

Etymology

Etymology tree

Middle High German volgebor.

Old Polish folga

Silesian folga

Inherited from Old Polish folga.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfɔl.ɡa/
• Rhymes: -ɔlɡa
• Syllabification: fol‧ga

Noun

folga f

1. obedience
2. effect, result, outcome; consequence (that which results from an action)
3. achievement, accomplishment (that which is done)
4. series; cycle; order (set or order of a set)
5. relief; looseness; ease
6. hoist (pole for lifting weights)

Further reading

• Bogdan Kallus (2020), “folga”, in Słownik Gōrnoślōnskij Gŏdki, IV edition, Chorzów: Pro Loquela Silesiana, →ISBN, page 299
• Henryk Jaroszewicz (2022), “folga”, in Zasady pisowni języka śląskiego (in Polish), Siedlce: Wydawnictwo Naukowe IKR[i]BL, page 77
• Eugeniusz Kosmała (2023), Dykcjōnôrz Polsko-Ślonskiy (in Silesian), f, page 58
• Michał Przywara (c. 1900), “folga”, in Narzecza śląskie napisał ks. Michał Przywara. C. Słownik‎^[9]