difamar

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin diffāmāre.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Northern, Balearic, Central) [di.fəˈma]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [di.faˈmaɾ]
• IPA^(key): (Northwestern) [di.faˈma]

• Audio (Barcelona):

  (file)

Verb

difamar (first-person singular present difamo, first-person singular preterite difamí, past participle difamat)

1. to defame

Conjugation

    Central Catalan conjugation of difamar (first conjugation)

infinitive			difamar
gerund			difamant
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		difamat		difamada
		plural		difamats		difamades
person		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	difamo	difames	difama	difamem	difameu	difamen
	imperfect	difamava	difamaves	difamava	difamàvem	difamàveu	difamaven
	future	difamaré	difamaràs	difamarà	difamarem	difamareu	difamaran
	preterite	difamí	difamares	difamà	difamàrem	difamàreu	difamaren
	conditional	difamaria	difamaries	difamaria	difamaríem	difamaríeu	difamarien
subjunctive		jo	tu	ell/ella vostè	nosaltres nós	vosaltres vós	ells/elles vostès
	present	difami	difamis	difami	difamem	difameu	difamin
	imperfect	difamés	difamessis	difamés	difaméssim	difaméssiu	difamessin
imperative		—	tu	vostè	nosaltres	vosaltres vós	vostès
	affirmative	—	difama	difami	difamem	difameu	difamin
	negative (no)	—	no difamis	no difami	no difamem	no difameu	no difamin

Related terms

• difamació
• difamador
• difamant
• difamatori
• fama

Further reading

• “difamar”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007
• “difamar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2026
• “difamar” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• Alcover, Antoni Maria; Moll, Francesc de Borja (1963), “difamar”, in Diccionari català-valencià-balear (in Catalan)

Portuguese

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *dwóh₁

▲

Proto-Indo-European *trísinflu.

Proto-Indo-European *d(w)is-

Proto-Italic *dis-

Latin dis-

Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂-der.

Proto-Indo-European *bʰéh₂meh₂

Proto-Italic *fāmā

Latin fāma

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂

Proto-Indo-European *-yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.

Proto-Italic *-ājō

Proto-Italic *-āō

Latin -ō

Latin diffāmārebor.

Portuguese difamar

Borrowed from Latin diffāmāre.

Pronunciation

 

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒi.faˈma(ʁ)/ [d͡ʒi.faˈma(h)]

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒi.faˈma(ʁ)/ [d͡ʒi.faˈma(h)]
  • (São Paulo) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒi.faˈma(ɾ)/
  • (Rio de Janeiro) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒi.faˈma(ʁ)/ [d͡ʒi.faˈma(χ)]
  • (Caipira) IPA^(key): /d͡ʒi.faˈma(ɻ)/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /di.fɐˈmaɾ/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /di.fɐˈmaɾ/
  • (Southern Portugal) IPA^(key): /di.fɐˈma.ɾi/

• Hyphenation: di‧fa‧mar

Verb

difamar (first-person singular present difamo, first-person singular preterite difamei, past participle difamado)

1. to defame (to harm the reputation of)
2. to slander (utter a slanderous statement)

   Synonyms: caluniar, injuriar

Conjugation

    Conjugation of difamar (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)

	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	difamar
Personal	difamar	difamares	difamar	difamarmos	difamardes	difamarem
Gerund
	difamando
Past participle
Masculine	difamado			difamados
Feminine	difamada			difamadas
Indicative
Present	difamo	difamas	difama	difamamos	difamais	difamam
Imperfect	difamava	difamavas	difamava	difamávamos	difamáveis	difamavam
Preterite	difamei	difamaste	difamou	difamamos1, difamámos2	difamastes	difamaram
Pluperfect	difamara	difamaras	difamara	difamáramos	difamáreis	difamaram
Future	difamarei	difamarás	difamará	difamaremos	difamareis	difamarão
Conditional	difamaria	difamarias	difamaria	difamaríamos	difamaríeis	difamariam
Subjunctive
Present	difame	difames	difame	difamemos	difameis	difamem
Imperfect	difamasse	difamasses	difamasse	difamássemos	difamásseis	difamassem
Future	difamar	difamares	difamar	difamarmos	difamardes	difamarem
Imperative
Affirmative		difama	difame	difamemos	difamai	difamem
Negative (não)		não difames	não difame	não difamemos	não difameis	não difamem

¹Brazilian Portuguese.
²European Portuguese.

Derived terms

• difamador

Related terms

• difamatório
• fama

Further reading

• “difamar”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “difamar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Spanish

Alternative forms

• disfamar (obsolete)

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin diffāmāre. Cognate with English defame.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /difaˈmaɾ/ [d̪i.faˈmaɾ]
• Rhymes: -aɾ
• Syllabification: di‧fa‧mar

Verb

difamar (first-person singular present difamo, first-person singular preterite difamé, past participle difamado)

1. to defame, to libel

   Synonym: dejemplar (dated)

Conjugation

    Conjugation of difamar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)

infinitive			difamar
gerund			difamando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		difamado		difamada
		plural		difamados		difamadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	difamo	difamastú difamásvos	difama	difamamos	difamáis	difaman
	imperfect	difamaba	difamabas	difamaba	difamábamos	difamabais	difamaban
	preterite	difamé	difamaste	difamó	difamamos	difamasteis	difamaron
	future	difamaré	difamarás	difamará	difamaremos	difamaréis	difamarán
	conditional	difamaría	difamarías	difamaría	difamaríamos	difamaríais	difamarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	difame	difamestú difamésvos2	difame	difamemos	difaméis	difamen
	imperfect (ra)	difamara	difamaras	difamara	difamáramos	difamarais	difamaran
	imperfect (se)	difamase	difamases	difamase	difamásemos	difamaseis	difamasen
	future1	difamare	difamares	difamare	difamáremos	difamareis	difamaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		difamatú difamávos	difame	difamemos	difamad	difamen
	negative		no difames	no difame	no difamemos	no difaméis	no difamen

¹Rare; now chiefly used in legal language.
²Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tuteo-form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of difamar

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive difamar	dative	difamarme	difamarte	difamarle, difamarse	difamarnos	difamaros	difamarles, difamarse
	accusative	difamarme	difamarte	difamarlo, difamarla, difamarse	difamarnos	difamaros	difamarlos, difamarlas, difamarse
with gerund difamando	dative	difamándome	difamándote	difamándole, difamándose	difamándonos	difamándoos	difamándoles, difamándose
	accusative	difamándome	difamándote	difamándolo, difamándola, difamándose	difamándonos	difamándoos	difamándolos, difamándolas, difamándose
with informal second-person singular tuteo imperative difama	dative	difámame	difámate	difámale	difámanos	not used	difámales
	accusative	difámame	difámate	difámalo, difámala	difámanos	not used	difámalos, difámalas
with informal second-person singular voseo imperative difamá	dative	difamame	difamate	difamale	difamanos	not used	difamales
	accusative	difamame	difamate	difamalo, difamala	difamanos	not used	difamalos, difamalas
with formal second-person singular imperative difame	dative	difámeme	not used	difámele, difámese	difámenos	not used	difámeles
	accusative	difámeme	not used	difámelo, difámela, difámese	difámenos	not used	difámelos, difámelas
with first-person plural imperative difamemos	dative	not used	difamémoste	difamémosle	difamémonos	difamémoos	difamémosles
	accusative	not used	difamémoste	difamémoslo, difamémosla	difamémonos	difamémoos	difamémoslos, difamémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative difamad	dative	difamadme	not used	difamadle	difamadnos	difamaos	difamadles
	accusative	difamadme	not used	difamadlo, difamadla	difamadnos	difamaos	difamadlos, difamadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative difamen	dative	difámenme	not used	difámenle	difámennos	not used	difámenles, difámense
	accusative	difámenme	not used	difámenlo, difámenla	difámennos	not used	difámenlos, difámenlas, difámense

Derived terms

• difamador

Related terms

• difamación
• difamatorio

Further reading

• “difamar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025