cloc

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Northern) [ˈklo̞k]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic, Central, Valencia, Northwestern) [ˈklɔk]

Verb

cloc

1. first-person singular present indicative of cloure

Middle Irish

Etymology

From Old Irish cloc, from Proto-Celtic *klokkos (“bell”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kloɡ/

Noun

cloc m

1. bell
2. (by extension) clock

Derived terms

• clocach
• clocán
• clocthech

Descendants

• Irish: clog
• Manx: clag
• Scottish Gaelic: clag

Mutation

Mutation of cloc

radical	lenition	nasalization
cloc	chloc	cloc pronounced with /ɡ(ʲ)-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Middle Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “cloc”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Old Irish

Alternative forms

• clocc

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *klokkos (“bell”), probably imitative.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkloɡ/

Noun

cloc m

1. bell
2. (by extension) clock

Inflection

Masculine o-stem

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	cloc	clocL	cloicL
vocative	cloic	clocL	clocuH
accusative	clocN	clocL	clocuH
genitive	cloicL	cloc	clocN
dative	clocL	clocaib	clocaib

Initial mutations of a following adjective:

• ^H = triggers aspiration
• ^L = triggers lenition
• ^N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

• Middle Irish: cloc
  • Irish: clog
  • Manx: clag
  • Scottish Gaelic: clag
• → Medieval Latin: clocca
  • Padanian:
    • Emilian: ciòca
    • Ligurian: cioca
    • Lombard: ciòca
    • Piedmontese: ciòca
  • Northern Gallo-Romance:
    • Bourguignon: cloiche
    • Bourbonnais-Berrichon: cloque
    • Franco-Provençal: clloche ; cllocha, hllocha, c'hocha, tllocha (Valdôtain)
    • Old French: cloche
      • Middle French: cloche
        • French: cloche
          • → English: cloche
          • → Esperanto: kloŝo
          • → Italian: cloche
          • → Polish: klosz
    • Old Northern French: cloque
      • French: cloque
      • → Middle English: cloke
        • English: cloak
    • Norman: clioche
    • Picard: cloque
  • Ibero-Romance:
    • Asturian: llueca
    • Galician: choca
    • Portuguese: choca
  • → Proto-West Germanic: *klokkā (see there for further descendants)

Mutation

Mutation of cloc

radical	lenition	nasalization
cloc	chloc	cloc pronounced with /ɡ-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “cloc”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940) [1909], D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, translation of Handbuch des Alt-Irischen (in German), →ISBN, page 87; reprinted 2017

Scottish Gaelic

Noun

cloc m (genitive singular cloca, plural clocan or clocaichean)

1. alternative form of gleoc

Welsh

Etymology

Borrowed from Middle English clok, clokke (“bell, clock”). Doublet of cloch.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /klɔk/

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

cloc m (plural clociau)

1. clock

Derived terms

• clocwedd, yn null cloc (“clockwise”)
• yn groes i'r cloc (“anticlockwise”)

Mutation

Mutated forms of cloc

radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
cloc	gloc	nghloc	chloc

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Griffiths, Bruce; Glyn Jones, Dafydd (1995), “clock”, in Geiriadur yr Academi: The Welsh Academy English–Welsh Dictionary‎^[1], Cardiff: University of Wales Press, →ISBN
• D. G. Lewis, N. Lewis, editors (2005–present), “cloc”, in Gweiadur: the Welsh–English Dictionary, Gwerin
• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “cloc”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies