Wiktionary

bruka

See also: brúka

Albanian

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Noun

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bruka

  1. indefinite nominative/accusative plural and definite nominative singular of brukë

Lithuanian

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈbrʊkɐ]
  • Rhymes: -ʊkɐ
  • Syllabification: brù‧ka

Verb

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brùka

  1. third-person singular present of brukti
  2. third-person plural present of brukti

Lower Sorbian

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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bruka

  1. genitive singular of bruk
  2. accusative singular of bruk
  3. nominative dual of bruk

Norwegian Bokmål

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Alternative forms

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Noun

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bruka n

  1. definite plural of bruk (Noun 2)

Norwegian Nynorsk

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Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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Noun

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bruka n

  1. definite plural of bruk (Noun 2)

Etymology 2

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From Middle Low German bruken.

Alternative forms

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Pronunciation

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Verb

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bruka (present tense brukar/bruker, past tense bruka/brukte, past participle bruka/brukt, passive infinitive brukast, present participle brukande, imperative bruka/bruk)

  1. to use
Synonyms
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Derived terms
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References

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Old Frisian

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Etymology

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    From Proto-West Germanic *brūkan.

    Verb

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    brūka

    1. to use

    Inflection

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    Conjugation of brūka (strong class 2)
    infinitive brūka
    indicative present past
    1st person singular brūke brāk
    2nd person singular brūkest, brūkst brākest, brākst
    3rd person singular brūketh, brūkth brāk
    plural brūkath breken
    subjunctive present past
    singular brūke breke
    plural brūke, brūken breke, breken
    imperative present
    singular brūk
    plural brūketh
    participle present past
    brūkande ebreken, breken

    Descendants

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    • North Frisian: bruwcken
    • Saterland Frisian: bruke
    • West Frisian: brûke

    Polish

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    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): /ˈbru.ka/
    • Rhymes: -uka
    • Syllabification: bru‧ka

    Verb

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    bruka

    1. third-person singular present of brukać

    Serbo-Croatian

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    Etymology

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    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

    Pronunciation

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    • IPA(key): /brûka/
    • Hyphenation: bru‧ka

    Noun

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    brȕka f (Cyrillic spelling бру̏ка)

    1. (informal, slang) shame, disgrace
    2. (informal, slang) person in disgrace

    Declension

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    Declension of bruka
    singular plural
    nominative brȕka bruke
    genitive bruke brȗkā
    dative bruci brukama
    accusative bruku bruke
    vocative bruko bruke
    locative bruci brukama
    instrumental brukom brukama
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    Further reading

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    • Sabljak, Tomislav (2013), “bruka”, in Rječnik hrvatskoga žargona [Dictionary of Croatian Jargon] (in Serbo-Croatian), 3rd edition, Zagreb: Profil, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 75

    Swedish

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    Etymology

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      From Middle Low German bruken, from Old Saxon brukan.

      Pronunciation

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      • IPA(key): /²brʉːka/
      • Audio:(file)

      Verb

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      bruka (present brukar, preterite brukade, supine brukat, imperative bruka)

      2. (auxiliary) to use to (present tense of used to); to be in the habit of
        Han brukade segla runt sjön på somrarna
        He used to sail around the lake in the summer
        Han brukar äta majs
        He often / regularly eats corn
        Hon brukar beställa en hamburgare när hon besöker restaurangen
        She usually orders a hamburger when she visits the restaurant [like "She used to order a hamburger when she visited the restaurant," but in the present tense]
        Det brukar regna på midsommar
        It usually rains on Midsummer
      4. to use (for some purpose)
        verktyg som brukas för att forma trä
        tools used [that are used] to shape wood
        ett verktyg som kan brukas som vapen
        a tool that can be used as a weapon
        Metoden brukas som en sista utväg
        The method is used / employed as a last resort
        bruka våld
        use violence (idiomatic)
        Bruka ditt förnuft!
        Use your good sense!
        1. to cultivate, till, farm
          bruka jorden
          work the land
          röja sten så att åkrarna kan brukas
          clear rocks so that the fields can be farmed
          bruka skog
          manage forests (for forestry purposes)
        2. to use, to consume (drugs or alcohol)
          bruka alkohol under arbetstid
          consume alcohol during working hours

      Usage notes

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      • Like English used to in (sense 1), but as natural-sounding in the present tense as in the past tense.
      • "Bruka" in (sense 2) has connotations similar to "make use of for some purpose," or "employ" when of a tool or method or the like. Outside idiomatic cases like cultivation, it can otherwise be used interchangeably with "använda," which is the more general and common word for "use."

      Conjugation

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      Conjugation of bruka (weak)
      active passive
      infinitive bruka brukas
      supine brukat brukats
      imperative bruka —
      imper. plural1 bruken —
      present past present past
      indicative brukar brukade brukas brukades
      ind. plural1 bruka brukade brukas brukades
      subjunctive2 bruke brukade brukes brukades
      present participle brukande
      past participle brukad

      1 Archaic. 2 Dated. See the appendix on Swedish verbs.

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      Descendants

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      See also

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      References

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      Anagrams

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