baru

See also: bāru, báru, bäru, barů, and Barú

English

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

baru (uncountable)

1. A fibrous substance derived from the sugar palm (Arenga pinnata) used as caulk.

Afar

Barwa.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbaru/ [ˈbʌɾʊ]
• Hyphenation: ba‧ru

Noun

báru m (plural barwá f or baritteetá f)

1. freckle

Declension

Declension of báru
absolutive	báru
predicative	báru
subjective	barí
genitive	barí
Postpositioned forms l-case bárul k-case báruk t-case bárut h-case báruh

References

• E. M. Parker; R. J. Hayward (1985), “bàru”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
• Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2004), Parlons Afar: Langue et Culture, L'Hammartan, →ISBN, page 31

Baba Malay

Etymology

From Malay baru.

Adjective

baru

1. new

Adverb

baru

1. recently, just now

References

• Lee, Nala H. (2022), “baru”, in A Grammar of Modern Baba Malay, Walter de Gruyter, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 343

Brunei Malay

Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *bAharu.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /baru/
• Hyphenation: ba‧ru

Adjective

baru

1. new (age of non-living things)

   rumah baru

   new house

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “age”): lama (“old”) (non-living things)

Coordinate terms

• (age): muda (“young”) (living things)

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈbaru]

Noun

baru

1. genitive/dative/locative singular of bar

Esperanto

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbaru/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aru
• Syllabification: ba‧ru

Verb

baru

1. imperative of bari

Iban

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *bAharu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baqəRu, from Proto-Austronesian *baqəRuh. Cognate with Malay baru, Tagalog bago, and Ilocano baro.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /baru/
• Hyphenation: ba‧ru

Adjective

baru

1. new (age of non-living things)

   rumah baru ― new house

Antonyms

• (antonym(s) of “age”): lama (“old”) (non-living things)

Coordinate terms

• (age): biak (“young”) (living things)

Adverb

baru

1. anew, again
2. just now

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *baruʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baRu.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /baruʔ/
• Hyphenation: ba‧ru

Noun

baru

1. sea hibiscus, cottonwood hibiscus (Talipariti tiliaceum, syn. Hibiscus tiliaceus)

References

• Scott, N. C. (1956), A Dictionary of Sea Dayak‎^[1], School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈbaru/ [ˈba.ru]
• Rhymes: -aru
• Syllabification: ba‧ru

Etymology 1

Inherited from Malay baru, a variant of baharu, from Proto-Malayic *bAharu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baqəRu, from Proto-Austronesian *baqəRuh.

Alternative forms

• baharu (chiefly dialectal)
• baroe (1901–1947)
• baharoe (1901–1947, chiefly dialectal)

Adjective

baru (comparative lebih baru, superlative paling baru)

1. new

   Ponsel barunya mewah.

   His new phone is luxurious.

Adverb

baru

1. just (moments ago, recently)

   Mereka baru pulang sekolah.

   They just got home from school.

Derived terms

• baru-baru ini (“recently”)
• barui (“renew up”)
• barukan (“renew”)
• dibaru
• dibarui
• diperbaru (“updated to”)
• diperbarui (“updated”)
• kebaruan (“newness”)
• keterbaruan (“newestness”)
• membaru (“to become new”)
• membarui (“to renew up”)
• memperbaru (“to update to”)
• memperbarui (“to update”)
• pembaru (“renewer, updater”)
• pembaruan (“renewal, update”)
• pemerbaru (“updater”)
• perbaru (“to update”)
• perbaruan (“update”)
• perbarui (“to update to”)
• sebaru (“as new as”)
• teperbaru (“up-to-date”)
• teperbarukan (“updatable”)
• terbaru (“newest”)
• terbarukan (“renewable, renewed, updated”)

Etymology 2

Inherited from Malay baru, from Proto-Malayic *baruʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baRu. Doublet of waru.

Alternative forms

• embaru
• baroe (1901–1947)

Noun

baru (plural baru-baru)

1. sea hibiscus, cottonwood hibiscus (Talipariti tiliaceum, syn. Hibiscus tiliaceus)

   Synonym: waru

Derived terms

• baru cina
• baru gunung
• baru laut

Etymology 3

Borrowed from Sundanese [Term?].

Noun

baru (plural baru-baru)

1. (Sunda) 8.5 cents. [since 2024]

Etymology 4

Borrowed from Makasar [Term?].

Noun

baru (plural baru-baru)

1. (Makassar) kapok fiber inserted into the gaps in the boat, functions to prevent sea water from seeping into the boat. [since 2024]

Etymology 5

Borrowed from Balinese [Term?].

Noun

baru (plural baru-baru)

1. (Bali) pastor's escort. [since 2024]

Further reading

• “baru”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Kabuverdianu

Alternative forms

• bórre (Barlavento)

Etymology

From Portuguese barro.

Noun

baru

1. (Sotavento) clay

References

• Gonçalves, Manuel (2015), Capeverdean Creole-English dictionary (overall work in English), Mili Mila, →ISBN
• Veiga, Manuel (2012), Dicionário Caboverdiano-Português, Instituto da Biblioteca Nacional e do Livro

Latvian

Noun

baru m

1. inflection of bars:
   1. accusative/instrumental singular
   2. genitive plural

Verb

baru

1. first-person singular present indicative of bārt

Lithuanian

Noun

baru m

1. instrumental singular of baras

Malay

Pronunciation

• (Literary Standard, Southern Peninsular Malaysia Standard) IPA^(key): /ˈbaru/ [ˈba.ru]

  • Audio (Malaysia):

    (file)

• Rhymes: -aru, -u
• Hyphenation: ba‧ru

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *bAharu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baqəRu, from Proto-Austronesian *baqəRuh. Cognate with Iban baru, Tagalog bago, and Ilocano baro.

Alternative forms

• bharu, bahru (dated)

Adverb

baru (Jawi spelling بارو)

1. just, recently, a few moments ago

   Aku baru sampai di rumah.

   I've just arrived home.

Adjective

baru (Jawi spelling بارو, comparative lebih baru, superlative paling baru)

1. (sometimes proscribed) new; recently came into existence

   Synonym: (formal, literary) baharu

   tahun baru ― new year

Usage notes

• Although Kamus Dewan makes no such distinction, many people wrongly believe that baru should not be used as an adjective meaning "new" and that only baharu could be used in such way.

Derived terms

Affixations

• baru-baru
• dibaru
• dibarui
• diperbaru
• diperbarui
• kebaruan
• membaru
• membarui
• memperbaru
• memperbarui
• pembaru
• pembaruan
• perbaru
• perbarui
• sebaru
• terbaru

Descendants

• > Indonesian: baru (inherited)
• → Baba Malay: baru
• → Hokkien: 麻汝 (bâ-lú)
• → Teochew: 麻汝 (bha⁵ lu²)
• → Dutch: baroe, baar, orang-baar

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *baruʔ, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baRu.

sea hibiscus, Talipariti tiliaceum

Alternative forms

• baru-baru
• bebaru

Noun

baru (Jawi spelling بارو, plural baru-baru or baru²)

1. sea hibiscus, cottonwood hibiscus (Talipariti tiliaceum, syn. Hibiscus tiliaceus)

Descendants

• > Indonesian: baru (inherited)
• → Ternate: baru

References

• "baru" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017
  (also see "baru" at PRPM first version)

Papuan Malay

Etymology

Inherited from Malay baru.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /baru/, [ˈba.ɾʊ]

Verb

baru

1. be new
   • 2023, Wyclyff translators, Melayu Papua, Luke 5:38:

     Karna itu air anggur baru harus orang simpan di dalam kantong kulit yang baru juga.

     Because we people have to store that new wine inside also new wineskins.

   • 2008 October 25, Papuan Malay corpus, recording 3, line 86:

     kalo besok ada berkat sa bli komputer baru

     if there will be a blessing in the future I will buy a new computer

Adverb

baru

1. recently
   • 2008 September 22, Papuan Malay corpus, recording 1a, line 830:

     kariawang dong baru lewat

     the employees recently walked by

2. (reduplicated) just now

   Synonym: barusang

   • 2008 November 15, Papuan Malay corpus, recording 1a, line 70:

     baru-baru de masuk ruma-sakit

     just now he got into the hospital

Conjunction

baru

1. then, and then, but then

   Synonym: trus

   • 2023, Wyclyff translators, Melayu Papua, Genesis 37:24:

     Baru dong seret de ke sumur, […]

     And then they brought him to a well, […]

   • 2008 September 23, Papuan Malay corpus, recording 10, line 12:

     […] de jatu baru motor tindis dia

     […] he fell and then the motorbike crushed him

2. after all

   Synonym: habis

References

• Kluge, Angela (2017), A grammar of Papuan Malay (Studies in Diversity Linguistics 11), Berlin: Language Science Press, →DOI, pages 131, 271, 475, 567

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈba.ru/
• Rhymes: -aru
• Syllabification: ba‧ru

Noun

baru

1. genitive singular of bar

Sarawak Malay

Etymology

From Malay baru, from baharu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baqəRu, from Proto-Austronesian *baqəRuh. Cognate with Iban baru, Tagalog bago, and Ilocano baro.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ba.ɣu/

Adjective

baru

1. new; recently came into existence.

   Seloanya gik baru.

   His trousers are still new.

Serbo-Croatian

Noun

baru (Cyrillic spelling бару)

1. dative/locative singular of bȃr

Noun

baru (Cyrillic spelling бару)

1. accusative singular of bȁra

Sundanese

Etymology

From Malay baharu, from Proto-Malayic *bAharu, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *baqəRu, from Proto-Austronesian *baqəRuh. Doublet of bahayu

Adjective

baru (Sundanese script ᮘᮛᮥ)

1. new (recently made or created)

Ternate

baru

Etymology

Likely from Malay baru

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈba.ɾu/

Noun

baru

1. sea hibiscus (Talipariti tiliaceum, syn. Hibiscus tiliaceus)

   Synonym: baru dowongi

References

• Rika Hayami-Allen (2001), A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh

West Makian

Etymology

Said by Collins to be a borrowing from Malay [Term?].

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈba.ru/

Noun

baru

1. boat caulking

References

• James Collins (1982), Further Notes Towards a West Makian Vocabulary‎^[2], Pacific linguistics