Wiktionary

aperio

Latin

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Etymology

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    From Proto-Italic *apweriō[1] (alternatively reconstructed as Proto-Italic *apwerjō)[2] from Proto-Indo-European *h₂epó (“off, from”) (whence ab) + *h₂wer- (“to cover, shut”) +‎ *-ye-.[2] Cognate with Sanskrit अपिवृणोति (apivṛṇoti, “to close, cover”), Oscan veru (“door”, pl.), Ancient Greek ἀείρω (aeírō, “to lift, raise”), Lithuanian atvérti (“to open”), Proto-Slavic *ot(ъ)verti (“to open”), and Old Armenian գեր (ger, “above, hyper-”). Related to operiō (“to cover”).

    Pronunciation

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    Verb

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    aperiō (present infinitive aperīre, perfect active aperuī, supine apertum); fourth conjugation

    1. (literal) to uncover, make or lay bare, reveal, clear
      Synonym: adaperiō
      Antonyms: vēlō, dissimulō, occultō, indūcō, operiō, obnūbō, occulō, condō, recondō, verrō, obruō, adoperiō, nūbō, tegō, abdō, abscondō, cooperiō, premō, opprimō, mergō
      • 8 CE, Ovidius, Fasti 1.681:
        cum serimus, caelum ventīs aperīte serēnīs
        When we are sowing, you (pl.) clear* the sky with fair winds.
        *(In this quotation, the imperative plural aperīte is invoking the goddesses Terra and Ceres.)
    2. (figurative) to make visible, discover, show, reveal, lay open
      • c. 347 CE – 420 CE, Hieronymus, Vulgate Proverbs.13.16:
        Astūtus omnia agit cum cōnsiliō: quī autem fatuus est aperit stultitiam.
        The prudent man doth all things with counsel: but he that is a fool, layeth open his folly.
        (Douay-Rheims trans., Challoner rev.: 1752 CE)
    3. (figurative)
      1. to unclose, open, break open
        Synonyms: adaperiō, patefaciō
        Antonyms: interclūdō, claudō, inclūdō, arceō, obserō, operiō
        1. (figurative) to open, set up, establish, begin
      2. to open an entrance to, render accessible
      3. (transferred sense, to mental objects) to disclose something unknown, to unveil, reveal, make known, unfold, prove, demonstrate; (in general) to explain, recount
      This entry needs quotations to illustrate usage. If you come across any interesting, durably archived quotes, then please add them!

    Conjugation

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       Conjugation of aperiō (fourth conjugation)
    indicative singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present aperiō aperīs aperit aperīmus aperītis aperiunt
    imperfect aperiēbam aperiēbās aperiēbat aperiēbāmus aperiēbātis aperiēbant
    future aperiam aperiēs aperiet aperiēmus aperiētis aperient
    perfect aperuī aperuistī aperuit aperuimus aperuistis aperuērunt,
    aperuēre
    pluperfect aperueram aperuerās aperuerat aperuerāmus aperuerātis aperuerant
    future perfect aperuerō aperueris aperuerit aperuerimus aperueritis aperuerint
    passive present aperior aperīris,
    aperīre     		aperītur aperīmur aperīminī aperiuntur
    imperfect aperiēbar aperiēbāris,
    aperiēbāre     		aperiēbātur aperiēbāmur aperiēbāminī aperiēbantur
    future aperiar aperiēris,
    aperiēre     		aperiētur aperiēmur aperiēminī aperientur
    perfect apertus + present active indicative of sum
    pluperfect apertus + imperfect active indicative of sum
    future perfect apertus + future active indicative of sum
    subjunctive singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present aperiam aperiās aperiat aperiāmus aperiātis aperiant
    imperfect aperīrem aperīrēs aperīret aperīrēmus aperīrētis aperīrent
    perfect aperuerim aperuerīs aperuerit aperuerīmus aperuerītis aperuerint
    pluperfect aperuissem aperuissēs aperuisset aperuissēmus aperuissētis aperuissent
    passive present aperiar aperiāris,
    aperiāre     		aperiātur aperiāmur aperiāminī aperiantur
    imperfect aperīrer aperīrēris,
    aperīrēre     		aperīrētur aperīrēmur aperīrēminī aperīrentur
    perfect apertus + present active subjunctive of sum
    pluperfect apertus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
    imperative singular plural
    first second third first second third
    active present — aperī — — aperīte —
    future — aperītō aperītō — aperītōte aperiuntō
    passive present — aperīre — — aperīminī —
    future — aperītor aperītor — — aperiuntor
    non-finite forms infinitive participle
    active passive active passive
    present aperīre aperīrī aperiēns —
    future apertūrum esse apertum īrī apertūrus aperiendus,
    aperiundus
    perfect aperuisse apertum esse — apertus
    future perfect — apertum fore — —
    perfect potential apertūrum fuisse — — —
    verbal nouns gerund supine
    genitive dative accusative ablative accusative ablative
    aperiendī aperiendō aperiendum aperiendō apertum apertū

    Derived terms

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    Descendants

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    References

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    1. ^ Weiss, Michael L. (2009), Outline of the Historical and Comparative Grammar of Latin, Ann Arbor: Beech Stave Press, →ISBN, page 160
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “aperiō, -īre”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 46

    Further reading

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    • “aperio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
    • “aperio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
    • “aperio”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
    • Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
      • to open a route: viam patefacere, aperire
      • to uncover one's head: caput aperire (opp. operire)
      • to freely express one's opinions: sententiam suam aperire
      • to make an obscure notion clear by means of definition: involutae rei notitiam definiendo aperire (Or. 33. 116)
      • to explain one's sentiments: sententias (verbis) explicare, aperire
      • to open a letter: epistulam solvere, aperire, resignare (of Romans also linum incīdere)
      • to open, shut the door: ostium, fores aperire, claudere
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